Presence of Human Papillomavirus in Human Tissues and the Environment.

Human Papillomavirus is one of the most well-known pathogens having potential to cause both benign and malignant illnesses. The current controversy focuses on its continuity in non-epithelial tissues and the environment, and its ability to cause infection in these settings. This review addresses the virology aspects that contribute to its presence and resistance in humans and the environment.

Bullous Pemphigoid-like Skin Eruption during Treatment with Rivaroxaban: A Clinical Case Study.

Little has been documented about hypersensitivity reactions caused by treatment with rivaroxaban. This paper reports a bullous pemphigoid-like skin eruption that occurred in a 76-year-old female patient during rivaroxaban treatment. This case highlights the vigilance required by healthcare workers in recognising potential adverse effects of newly marketed drugs and in making medication changes when necessary. A bullous pemphigoid-like eruption due to treatment with rivaroxaban has not, to the best of the Authors' knowledge, been reported previously in the literature. LEARNING POINTS: Rivaroxaban can cause a bullous eruption apparently similar to epithelial toxic necrolysis (or to Stevens-Johnson syndrome).There is an apparent similarity between skin adverse events caused by the different anticoagulants.The anticoagulant responsible for the skin side-effects can be identified on clinical grounds by the correct differential diagnosis.

Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis affecting the face and folds: clinical, dermoscopic, and histological report of a familial case.

A case of a generalized non-follicular digitate keratosis classified as multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis is described with suggestive clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathogical data. The patient was a 52-year-old Caucasian woman presenting a 6-year history of multiple asymptomatic skin-colored digitate lesions, 3 to 5 mm long and 1 to 2 mm wide, distributed on the forehead, neck, and extensor surface of the arms as well as in the inframammary folds, axillae, and lower limbs, especially on the popliteal fold. She reported having a 67-year-old sister and a 39-year-old niece with an identical eruption. Treatment with 15% glycolic acid (AHA) lotion and heliotherapy improved this disturbing eruption.

Ulcerative Necrobiosis Lipoidica: Is There a Place for Anti-TNFα Treatment?

Necrobiosis lipoidica is a rare granulomatous and inflammatory disease. Its management is particularly difficult when ulceration is present. The authors describe the clinical case of a 65-year-old female patient with necrobiosis lipoidica, who had been submitted in the past to several topical and systemic treatments with little or no improvement. She started treatment with subcutaneous etanercept and showed significant improvement without adverse events until today. The aim of this article is to report a valid and efficient alternative treatment to recalcitrant cases.

Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas--from diagnosis to treatment: the role of dermatoscopy and botulinum toxin.

BACKGROUND: Eccrine hidrocystomas are rarely described benign cystic lesions, mainly presenting in middle-aged women in the centrofacial area and usually associated with a chronic course, seasonal variability and no proved and consistently efficacious treatments. CASE REPORT: We report 2 patients, a 45- and a 56-year-old woman, with multiple facial eccrine hidrocystomas suggested by dermatoscopy, confirmed by histology and treated with botulinum toxin A with excellent results. CONCLUSION: Our report stresses the role of dermatoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of these lesions, as well as the impact of repeated treatments with botulinum toxin A in eccrine hidrocystomas suggesting it as a first-line treatment for multiple eccrine hidrocystomas because it is easy to use and has no risk of scars.