PiccPed® app impact on nurses' knowledge to prevent adverse events for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) in pediatric and neonatal healthcare: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The PiccPed® health application was developed to support clinical decision-making in peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) management. We aimed to evaluate its impact on nurses' knowledge regarding the prevention of PICC-associated adverse events in pediatrics and neonatology. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention study, was conducted with a dependent/paired sample of pediatric and neonatal nurses from two tertiary hospitals in South Brazil. Data were collected from October 2022 to January 2023 across three phases: pre-, intervention (use of the PiccPed®) and post-test. Study outcomes were a knowledge test (15 questions) of evidence-based PICC maintenance procedures, and PiccPed® app time spent and screens used. RESULTS: A total of 56 nurses completed the study. The post-test mean score was significantly higher (12/15; standard deviation (SD) 1.9) in comparison with the pre-test (mean 9/15; SD 2.2). The change in scores was significantly higher for nurses without postgraduate qualifications, in comparison to those with (Mean Difference 1.26; p = 0.039). Each minute using the app resulted in a significant increase of 0.04 points (95% confidence interval 0.01-0.08; p = 0.014) on the mean post-test score (10.94 points). CONCLUSION: The research demonstrated that PiccPed® enhances nurses' learning regarding the prevention of adverse events associated with PICC maintenance in pediatrics and neonatology. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: The app can be safely and effectively used for training and continuing education of nurses who care for children and neonates with PICCs.

Factors associated with the disinfection of devices attached to peripheral intravenous catheters performed by the nursing team in pediatric units.

Background: Peripheral intravenous catheterization, as well as drug administration through it, represents one of the most performed procedures by the Nursing team and, for that, precautions need to be adopted to offer harm-free care. Objective: To verify the association of Nursing professionals' work shift and training time with proper disinfection of intravenous catheter devices in pediatric units. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study conducted between June and August 2021 in three hospitalization units of a Pediatric Hospital. The inclusion criterion was drug administration via peripheral intravenous catheters performed by Nursing professionals. The data were analyzed according to inferential statistics, adopting p ≤ .05 as significance level. Results: There were a total of 385 observations of drug administration procedures. The device was not disinfected in 60.3% of the cases, there was no friction at the suitable time in 86.3%, and the disinfectant was not allowed to dry in 72.5%. The work shift exerted no influence on performance of the disinfection procedure (p = .376). However, longer training time was associated with a lower rate in performing such procedure (p < .001). Conclusion: Performing friction below the recommended time can cause a false sense of prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infection; therefore, training sessions and strategies for adherence to the disinfection procedures should be considered, mainly for professionals with more training time.

Compliance with central venous catheter infection prevention practices after intervention with simulation.

OBJECTIVES: to assess the effect of an educational intervention based on clinical simulation on nursing professionals' compliance with practices to prevent peripherally inserted central venous catheter-associated primary bloodstream infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: a quasi-experimental study, with preand post-intervention assessment with a single group. The population consisted of 41 nursing professionals, with 31 observations being made before and after the intervention. Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics and the McNemar non-parametric test. A significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: after the intervention, there was an increase in compliance with prevention practices of surgical antisepsis and professional hand hygiene, skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine, waiting for the time of the effect of alcoholic chlorhexidine and compliance with the sterile technique. CONCLUSIONS: the educational intervention showed an effect on increasing compliance with catheter-associated infection prevention practices.

Implementation of upfront DPYD genotyping with a low-cost and high-throughput assay to guide fluoropyrimidine treatment in cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: Genetic variants in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD ) gene are associated with reduced dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme activity and can cause severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity. We assessed the frequency of the four most common and well-established DPYD variants associated with fluoropyrimidine toxicity and implemented a relatively low-cost and high-throughput genotyping assay for their detection. METHODS: This study includes 457 patients that were genotyped for the DPYD c.1129-5923C>G, c.1679T>G, c.1905 + 1G>A and c.2846A>T variants, either by Sanger sequencing or kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) technology. Of these, 172 patients presented toxicity during treatment with fluoropyrimidines (post-treatment group), and 285 were tested before treatment (pretreatment group). RESULTS: Heterozygous DPYD variants were identified in 7.4% of the entire series of 457 patients, being the c.2846A>T the most frequent variant. In the post-treatment group, 15.7% of the patients presented DPYD variants, whereas only 2.5% of the patients in the pretreatment group presented a variant. The KASP assays designed in this study presented 100% genotype concordance with the results obtained by Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: The combined assessment of the four DPYD variants in our population increases the identification of patients at high risk for developing fluoropyrimidine toxicity, supporting the upfront routine implementation of DPYD variant genotyping. Furthermore, the KASP genotyping assay described in this study presents a rapid turnaround time and relatively low cost, making upfront DPYD screening feasible in clinical practice.

O uso de realidade virtual no cateterismo intravenoso periférico em crianças/adolescentes: relato de experiência / The use of virtual reality in peripheral intravenous catheterization in children/adolescents: experience report / El uso de la realidad virtual en el cateterismo intravenoso periférico en niños/adolescentes: reporte de experiencia

Conclusão: a realidade virtual é um recurso que pode ser utilizado como distração durante o cateterismo intravenoso periférico. Para os discentes, houve reflexão sobre o tratamento adequado de enfermagem em pediatria, além do desenvolvimento de habilidades de comunicação e senso crítico

Conclusion: virtual reality is a resource that can be used as a distraction during peripheral intravenous catheterization. For the learners, this experience prompted reflection on appropriate pediatric nursing care, in addition to fostering the development of communication skills and critical thinking

Conclusión: la realidad virtual es un recurso que se puede utilizar como distracción durante la cateterización intravenosa periférica. Para los aprendices, esta experiencia llevó a una reflexión sobre la atención de enfermería pediátrica adecuada, además de fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades de comunicación y pensamiento crítico

Opioids and constipation therapy in the last week of life: Their impact on patients, caregivers, and the location of death.

The use of opioids to control pain at the end of life may cause constipation, a symptom that can negatively influence the well-being of patients and caregivers. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of constipation on symptomatic control and patients' overall quality of life at this stage. A particular focus was placed on opioids. We also intended to investigate whether constipation and caregiver fatigue is related to the place of death (hospital vs home). The approach of 121 patients followed in 2021 in their last week of life by a home team specialized in palliative care was analyzed in an observational, retrospective, non-interventional study. The patients were followed up for an average of 39.7 days. A total of 82.6% wished to die at home, which occurred in 74% of the cases. The constipation prevention protocol reduced constipation by 55.1%. It seems that morphine is more related with constipation and tapentadol seems to reduce constipation induced by opioids. Patients tended to die in hospitals when their caregivers were exhausted; however, it was not possible to determine a cutoff point using the Zarit scale, which was used to assess caregiver burden. Constipation in the last week of life does not seem to influence the well-being of patients or their caregivers significantly and the individualization of intensive treatment of constipation is needed. Different opioids have different probabilities of causing adverse effects such as constipation. Future special support mechanisms can be created and activated for the most tired caregivers to avoid exhaustion and promote death at home, if that is the patient's will.

Compliance with central venous catheter infection prevention practices after intervention with simulation / Cumplimiento de las prácticas de prevención de infecciones del catéter venoso central después de una intervención simulada / Adesão às práticas de prevenção de infecção de cateter venoso central após intervenção com simulação

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the effect of an educational intervention based on clinical simulation on nursing professionals' compliance with practices to prevent peripherally inserted central venous catheter-associated primary bloodstream infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methods: a quasi-experimental study, with preand post-intervention assessment with a single group. The population consisted of 41 nursing professionals, with 31 observations being made before and after the intervention. Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics and the McNemar non-parametric test. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: after the intervention, there was an increase in compliance with prevention practices of surgical antisepsis and professional hand hygiene, skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine, waiting for the time of the effect of alcoholic chlorhexidine and compliance with the sterile technique. Conclusions: the educational intervention showed an effect on increasing compliance with catheter-associated infection prevention practices.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa basada en simulación clínica sobre la adherencia de profesionales de enfermería a prácticas de prevención de infecciones primarias del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéteres venosos centrales de inserción periférica en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental, con evaluación pre y postintervención con un solo grupo. La población estuvo constituida por 41 profesionales de enfermería, realizándose 31 observaciones antes y después de la intervención. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando estadística descriptiva y la prueba no paramétrica de McNemar. Se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: después de la intervención, hubo aumento en la adherencia a las prácticas de prevención de antisepsia quirúrgica e higiene profesional de manos, antisepsia cutánea con clorhexidina, espera del tiempo del efecto de la clorhexidina alcohólica y cumplimiento de la técnica estéril. Conclusiones: la intervención educativa mostró un efecto en el aumento de la adherencia a las prácticas de prevención de infecciones asociadas al catéter.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa pautada em simulação clínica na adesão de profissionais de enfermagem às práticas de prevenção de infecções primárias de corrente sanguínea associadas ao cateter venoso central de inserção periférica em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental, com avaliação pré e pós-intervenção com um grupo único. A população foi de 41 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo realizadas 31 observações antes e após intervenção. As análises foram por meio de estatística descritiva e pelo Teste Não Paramétrico de McNemar. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: após a intervenção, houve aumento da adesão às práticas de prevenção de antissepsia cirúrgica e higiene das mãos do profissional, antissepsia da pele com clorexidina, espera do tempo do efeito da clorexidina alcoólica e cumprimento da técnica estéril. Conclusões: a intervenção educativa mostrou efeito no aumento da adesão às práticas de prevenção da infecção associadas ao cateter.

Aplicativos sobre terapia intravenosa e prevenção de infecção de corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter: prospecção tecnológica / Applications on intravenous therapy and catheter-associated bloodstream infection prevention: technology prospection / Aplicaciones en terapia intravenosa y prevención de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéteres: prospección tecnológica

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar aplicativos móveis sobre terapia intravenosa e prevenção de infecção de corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter. Método: prospecção tecnológica, com busca dos dados nas Bases de Patentes e Lojas Virtuais, a coleta dos dados ocorreu de maio a agosto de 2021. Critérios de inclusão: aplicativos móveis voltados para a Terapia Intravenosa; aplicativos móveis voltados para a prevenção de infecção de corrente sanguínea, a análise foi realizada de forma qualitativa comparativa, reconhecendo as funções desenvolvidas pelos aplicativos e seus potenciais para utilização na prática clínica. Resultados: 19 aplicativos foram selecionados e organizados em temáticas: aplicativos para auxiliar no cateterismo; aplicativos para manutenção de cateter; aplicativos sobre prevenção de infecção de corrente sanguínea; e aplicativo sobre diagnóstico de infecção de corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter. Conclusão: a identificação de poucos aplicativos sobre a temática serve de fomento para construção de novos aplicativos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify mobile applications on intravenous therapy and prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infection. Method: technological prospection, with data search in Patent Bases and Virtual Stores, data collection occurred from May to August 2021. Inclusion criteria: mobile applications focused on Intravenous Therapy; mobile applications focused on the prevention of bloodstream infection. The analysis was carried out in a qualitative comparative way, recognizing the functions developed by the applications and their potential for use in clinical practice. Results: 19 applications were selected and organized into themes: applications to assist in catheterization; applications for catheter maintenance; applications on bloodstream infection prevention; and applications on diagnosis of catheter-associated bloodstream infection. Conclusion: The identification of few apps on the theme serves to promote the construction of new apps.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar aplicaciones móviles sobre terapia intravenosa y prevención de la infección del torrente sanguíneo asociada a catéteres. Método: prospección tecnológica, con búsqueda de datos en Bases de Patentes y Almacenes Virtuales, la recolección de datos ocurrió de mayo a agosto de 2021. Criterios de inclusión: aplicaciones móviles centradas en la Terapia Intravenosa; aplicaciones móviles centradas en la prevención de la infección del torrente sanguíneo, el análisis se realizó de forma cualitativa comparativa, reconociendo las funciones desarrolladas por las aplicaciones y su potencial de uso en la práctica clínica. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 19 aplicaciones y se organizaron en temas: aplicaciones para ayudar en el cateterismo; aplicaciones para el mantenimiento del cateterismo; aplicaciones sobre la prevención de la infección de transmisión sanguínea; y aplicación sobre el diagnóstico de la infección de transmisión sanguínea asociada al cateterismo. Conclusión: la identificación de pocas aplicaciones sobre el tema sirve de estímulo para la construcción de nuevas aplicaciones.

Demographic profile, training and practical experience of professionals performing peripheral intravenous catheterization in brazil / Perfil demográfico, formación y experiencia práctica de los profesionales que realizan cateterismo intravenoso periférico en brasil / Perfil demográfico, formação e experiência prática de profissionais executantes da cateterização intravenosa periférica no brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the demographic profile, training and practical experience of professionals who perform peripheral intravenous catheterization in Brazil. Method: this is a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in the five macroregions of Brazil with 2,584 nursing professionals who worked in direct care of patients undergoing peripheral intravenous catheterization, using a questionnaire containing professional demographic characteristics, training and experience. Data collection took place between July 2021 and May 2022. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA test, Pearson's chi-square test for k independent samples and Tukey's multiple comparison test and adjusted residuals were used. Results: most nursing professionals resided in the southeast macro-region and were women. The mean age of nurses was 39.52 (±8.74) years, technicians, 39.66 (±9.22), and nursing assistants, 40.61 (±10.57). The mean training time for nurses was 11.83 (±8.18) years, for nursing technicians, 10.81 (±7.62), and for nursing assistants, 11.19 (±8.33). During the training process, most professionals received lessons in pharmacology, vascular access devices and venous catheterization. The mean number of devices inserted by nurses, in a 12-hour shift, was lower than the mean inserted by technicians and nursing assistants. Conclusion: nurses are not recognized as professionals legally responsible for the peripheral intravenous catheterization procedure, and intravenous therapy implementation is predominantly carried out by technicians and nursing assistants. The training process is incipient.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el perfil demográfico, la formación y la experiencia práctica de los profesionales que realizan cateterismo intravenoso periférico en Brasil. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo, realizado en las cinco macrorregiones de Brasil con 2.584 profesionales de enfermería que actuaban en el cuidado directo de pacientes sometidos a cateterismo intravenoso periférico, mediante un cuestionario que contiene las características demográficas, formación y experiencia de los profesionales. La recolección de datos se realizó entre julio de 2021 y mayo de 2022. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, prueba ANOVA de 1 vía, Chi-Cuadrado T de Pearson para k muestras independientes y prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey y residuos ajustados. Resultados: la mayoría de los profesionales de enfermería residían en la macrorregión Sudeste y eran mujeres. La edad media de los enfermeros fue de 39,52 (±8,74) años, de los técnicos, de 39,66 (±9,22) años, y de los auxiliares de enfermería, de 40,61 (±10,57) años. El tiempo medio de formación de los enfermeros fue de 11,83 (±8,18) años, de los técnicos de enfermería, de 10,81 (±7,62) años, y de los auxiliares de enfermería, de 11,19 (±8,33) años. Durante el proceso de formación, la mayoría de los profesionales recibieron lecciones de farmacología, dispositivos de acceso vascular y cateterismo venoso. El promedio de dispositivos insertados por enfermeros, en un turno de 12 horas, fue inferior al promedio insertado por técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería. Conclusión: los enfermeros no son reconocidos como profesionales legalmente responsables del procedimiento de cateterismo intravenoso periférico y la implementación de la terapia intravenosa es realizada predominantemente por técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería. El proceso de formación es incipiente.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil demográfico, formação e a experiência prática de profissionais que realizam a cateterização intravenosa periférica no Brasil. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, realizado nas cinco macrorregiões do Brasil com 2.584 profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam no cuidado direto de pacientes submetidos à cateterização intravenosa periférica, utilizado um questionário contendo características demográficas, formação e experiência dos profissionais. A coleta ocorreu entre julho de 2021 e maio de 2022. Empregou-se estatística descritiva, Teste de Anova 1 Fator, Teste do Qui Quadrado de Pearson para k amostras independentes e Teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey e resíduos ajustados. Resultados: a maior parte dos profissionais de enfermagem residiam na macrorregião sudeste, eram mulheres. A média de idade dos enfermeiros foi de 39,52 (±8,74) anos, dos técnicos de 39,66 (±9,22) anos e dos auxiliares de enfermagem de 40,61 (±10,57) anos. O tempo médio de formação dos enfermeiros foi igual a 11,83 (±8,18) anos, dos técnicos de enfermagem 10,81 (±7,62) anos e auxiliares de enfermagem 11,19 (±8,33) anos. Durante o processo formativo a maioria dos profissionais recebeu aulas de farmacologia, dispositivos de acesso vascular e cateterização venosa. O número médio de dispositivos inseridos por enfermeiros, em turno de 12 horas, foi inferior à média inserida por técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Conclusão: enfermeiros não se reconhecem como profissionais legalmente responsáveis pelo procedimento de cateterização intravenosa periférica e a implementação da terapia intravenosa é predominantemente realizada pelos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. O processo formativo é incipiente.

Modelo teórico-metodológico de elaboração e validação de tecnologia educacional para a área da enfermagem / Modelo teórico-metodológico con el objetivo de crear y validar tecnología educativa para el área de enfermería / Theoretical-methodological model to develop and validate educational technology for the nursing area

Objetivo: apresentar um modelo teórico-metodológico para nortear a elaboração e validação de tecnologia educacional do tipo cartilhas educativas para a área da Enfermagem. Método: trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivo, baseado na Taxonomia de Bloom. Resultados: o estudo apresentou um modelo teórico-metodológico que descreve a elaboração do roteiro e conteúdo do material educativo seguindo as recomendações da Taxonomia de Bloom, na dimensão do processo cognitivo. Ainda, apresentou os passos para elaboração e validação de cartilhas educativas: diagnóstico situacional, revisão de literatura e documental, seleção e sumarização de conteúdo, elaboração do roteiro, criação e diagramação de imagens, validação com especialistas e com o público-alvo. Considerações finais: a proposição do modelo teórico-metodológico solidifica o conhecimento da literatura e auxilia enfermeiros e pesquisadores na elaboração de cartilhas educativas com maior rigor científico e passíveis de efetividade.

Objetivo: presentar un modelo teórico-metodológico para orientar la creación y validación de tecnología educativa del tipo folletos didácticos para el área de Enfermería. Método: estudio teórico-reflexivo basado en la Taxonomía de Bloom. Resultados: el estudio presentó un modelo teórico-metodológico que describe la elaboración del guión y contenido del material educativo siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Taxonomía de Bloom, en la dimensión del Proceso cognitivo. También presentó los pasos para crear y validar folletos educativos: Diagnóstico situacional, Revisión de documental y de la literatura, Selección e sumario del contenido, Elaboración del guión, Creación y diagramación de imágenes, y Validación con especialistas y con la población objetivo. Consideraciones finales: la propuesta del modelo teórico-metodológico consolida el conocimiento existente en la literatura y auxilia enfermeros e investigadores en la creación de folletos educativos con mayor rigor científico y buenas perspectivas de efectividad.

Objective: to present a theoretical-methodological framework guiding the development and validation of educational technology, specifically didactic booklets for the Nursing area. Method: this is a theoretical-reflexive study grounded on Bloom's Taxonomy. Results: the study presented a theoretical-methodological model outlining the educational material script and content development in accordance with Bloom's Taxonomy recommendations, in the Cognitive Process dimension. Additionally, it outlined the steps for creating and validating educational booklets: situational analysis, literature and documentary review, content selection and summarization, script development, creation and layout of the illustrations, validation with experts, and validation with the target audience. Final considerations: the theoretical-methodological model proposal consolidates the knowledge existing in the literature and assists nurses and researchers in creating educational booklets with greater scientific rigor, increasing their effectiveness potential.

Disinfection of needleless connectors to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacterial load.

HIGHLIGHTS: Compare effectiveness of chemical disinfectants in reducing S. aureus. Five disinfectants reduced the bacterial load, especially chlorhexidine solutions. Focus on Brazilian clinical practice of needleless connector disinfection. PURPOSE: This study aimed to gain further knowledge about the comparative effectiveness of chemical disinfectants in reducing the bacterial load of NCs inoculated with S. aureus. METHODS: Disinfection of needleless connectors was undertaken in vitro against S. aureus comparing 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 70% ethanol, 0.5% and 2% chlorhexidine in 70% IPA applied with gauze, and 70% IPA single-use cap (Site-Scrub®). RESULTS: All disinfectants reduced the bacterial load (P<0.001), especially the chlorhexidine solutions. Mechanical friction should follow guidelines. CONCLUSION: This study found that all tested disinfectants effectively reduced the bacterial load and more clinical studies must be developed with a focus on the Brazilian clinical practice of needleless connector disinfection.

Liver Transplantation for Treatment of Unresectable Spontaneous Ruptured Hepatocellular Adenoma: A Rare Indication.

Hepatocellular Adenomas (HA) are rare benign tumors of the liver which occur predominantly in young women. Although benign, HA may have complications such as hemorrhage and malignant transformation. So, sometimes conservative management is not enough. We report a case of a 26-year-old woman on oral contraceptives who presented with acute abdominal pain and signs of hemodynamic shock. She underwent transarterial embolization due to the presence of multiple HA with rupture and active hemorrhage. This minimally invasive treatment failed to control the disease. The patient presented a progressive increase in the size of the masses with signs of recent hemorrhage, and the HA became unresectable, so she underwent liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is rarely indicated for the treatment of HA; however, in unresectable masses, it should be considered to prevent potential rupture with hemorrhage or malignant transformation.

The impact of VITEK 2 implementation for identification and susceptibility testing of microbial isolates in a Brazilian public hospital.

Introduction. The use of automated systems in identification and susceptibility tests can improve antimicrobial therapy, and positively impact clinical outcomes with a decrease in antimicrobial resistance, hospitalization time, costs, and mortality.Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of an automated method for identification and susceptibility testing of microbial isolates.Methodology. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to analyse the results before and after the implementation period of a VITEK 2 system in a Brazilian university hospital. Based on data from medical records, patients with a positive culture of clinical samples from January to July 2017 (conventional method) and from August to December 2017 (automated method) were included in this study. Demographic data, hospitalization time, time interval between culture collection and results, culture results and site, susceptibility profile, minimum inhibitory concentration, and outcome data were evaluated. Chi-square and Fischer's tests were used in the analysis.Results. Of the total samples, 836 were considered valid by the inclusion criteria, with 219 patients before VITEK 2 system implementation group and 545 in the post-implementation group. The comparison between the two periods showed a reduction of 25 % of the time to culture reports, a decrease of 33.5 to 17.0 days of hospitalization, and a reduction in mortality from 44.3-31.0 %, respectively.Conclusion. The VITEK 2 system provided early access to appropriate antimicrobial therapy for patients and effected a positive clinical impact with a reduction in mortality and hospitalization time.

Desinfecção de hubs e conectores de cateteres intravenosos: revisão de escopo / Desinfección de hubs y conectores de catéteres intravenosos: revisión de alcance / Disinfection of intravenous catheter hubs and connectors: scoping review

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar métodos de desinfecção de hubs e conectores sem agulha dos cateteres intravenosos em pacientes hospitalizados e verificar a efetividade das intervenções para a prevenção de infecções de corrente sanguínea associada a cateter intravenoso. Método: revisão de escopo seguindo as recomendações de Joanna Briggs Institute. Busca realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base de Dados Enfermagem e Bibliografía Nacional en Ciencias de la Salud Argentina, e estudos indicados por experts. A busca foi atemporal até setembro de 2020. Protocolo registrado na Open Science Framework. Resultados: foram incluídos 27 estudos, sendo que cinco foram Guidelines e 22 foram artigos publicados em periódicos. Existe grande variedade de métodos de desinfecção de hubs e de conectores. Para a desinfecção ativa, foram indicados Gluconato de Clorexedina, Isopropanol e Iodopovedina; para a desinfecção passiva, Gluconato de Clorexedina e Isopropanol. A quantidade do agente desinfetante variou de 0,25 mL a 0,6 mL. O tempo de fricção na desinfecção ativa variou de cinco segundos a 30 segundos, e o tempo de contato na desinfecção passiva variou de três minutos a sete dias. O tempo de secagem de agentes desinfetantes foi superior a cinco segundos. Conclusão: verifica-se variedade de métodos de desinfecção; no entanto, não há consenso sobre a melhor indicação. Necessita-se de estudos que evidenciem a quantidade de desinfetante, a pressão e o tempo de fricção e o tempo de secagem. Pesquisas com práticas de desinfecção utilizadas no Brasil e ensaios clínicos randomizados são necessários.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los métodos de desinfección de los hubs y conectores sin aguja de los catéteres intravenosos en pacientes hospitalizados, y verificar la eficacia de las intervenciones para la prevención de las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a los catéteres intravenosos. Método: revisión del alcance siguiendo las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Búsqueda realizada en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Embase, Biblioteca Cochrane, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Base de Datos de Enfermería y Bibliografía Nacional en Ciencias de la Salud Argentina, y estudios indicados por expertos. La búsqueda era atemporal hasta septiembre de 2020. Protocolo registrado en el Open Science Framework. Resultados: se incluyeron 27 estudios, cinco de los cuales eran Guidelines y 22 eran artículos publicados en revistas. Existe una gran variedad de métodos para la desinfección de hubs y conectores, siendo el gluconato de clorhexedina, el isopropanol y la yodopovedina los indicados para la desinfección activa, y el gluconato de clorhexedina y el isopropanol para la desinfección pasiva. La cantidad del agente desinfectante osciló entre 0,25 mL y 0,6 mL. El tiempo de fricción para la desinfección activa osciló entre cinco segundos y 30 segundos, y el tiempo de contacto para la desinfección pasiva osciló entre tres minutos y siete días. El tiempo de secado de los agentes desinfectantes fue superior a cinco segundos. Conclusión: se comprueba la variedad de métodos de desinfección, aunque no hay consenso sobre la mejor indicación. Se necesitan estudios que evidencien la cantidad de desinfectante, la presión y el tiempo de fricción, y el tiempo de secado. Es necesario investigar las prácticas de desinfección utilizadas en Brasil y realizar ensayos clínicos aleatorios.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify disinfection methods for intravenous catheter hubs and needleless connectors in hospitalized patients, as well as to verify the effectiveness of the interventions to prevent bloodstream infections associated with intravenous catheters. Method: a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. The search was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base de Dados Enfermagem and Bibliografía Nacional en Ciencias de la Salud Argentina, as well as in studies indicated by experts. The search was conducted until September 2020. The review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. Results: a total of 27 studies were included, of which five were Guidelines and 22 were articles published in journals. There is a significant variety of disinfection methods for hubs and connectors. Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Isopropanol and Povidone-iodine were indicated for active disinfection; and Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Isopropanol, for passive disinfection. The disinfectant volume varied from 0.25 mL to 0.6 mL. Friction time in active disinfection ranged from five to 30 seconds, and contact time in passive disinfection varied from three minutes to seven days. The disinfectants' drying time was over five minutes. Conclusion: a variety of disinfection methods is verified, although with no consensus on the best indication. Studies that show the amount of disinfectant, pressure, friction and drying time are required. There is a need to conduct research studies with disinfection practices used in Brazil and randomized clinical trials.

KRAS and NRAS mutational analysis in plasma ctDNA from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer by real-time PCR and digital PCR.

PURPOSE: Mutations in the KRAS and NRAS (RAS) genes are negative predictors of response to anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The detection of mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a less invasive strategy to assess the molecular profile of mCRC patients. We aimed to perform RAS mutational analysis in ctDNA from mCRC patients using BEAMing Digital PCR (OncoBEAM) and Idylla ctDNA qPCR and evaluate the concordance rate with RAS mutational status in tumor tissue and between these two methodologies with different limits of detection. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 47 mCRC patients previously tested for RAS mutations in tumor tissue. DNA was extracted from plasma using the QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit, and RAS mutation analysis was conducted using OncoBEAM RAS CRC and Idylla ctRAS assays. RESULTS: The overall agreement between tumor tissue and ctDNA analyses was 83% and 78.7% using the OncoBEAM and Idylla assays, respectively, with the concordance being 96.2% and 88.5% in naive treatment patients. The overall agreement between OncoBEAM and Idylla ctDNA analyses was 91.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of ctDNA is a viable strategy for clinical management of mCRC patients. Although the OncoBEAM assay sensitivity is somewhat higher, the fully automated Idylla platform also has good performance, while being cheaper and much less labor-intensive, for the detection of RAS mutations in plasma, either at diagnosis or after progression when considering anti-EGFR treatment rechallenge.

Involvement of companions in patient safety in pediatric and neonatal units: scope review.

OBJECTIVES: to describe scientific evidence on the involvement of companions in patient safety, from their own perspective and health professionals' perspective in neonatal and pediatric units. METHODS: scoping review carried out according to The Joanna Briggs Institute's recommendations, in eight databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist, between 2011 and 2021. RESULTS: the 13 studies included highlighted the importance of companions' involvement in patient safety and the prevention of adverse events. However, they pointed out failures in communication and weakness in the training of professionals, which were obstacles to their involvement. The strengthening of health education, multidisciplinary rounds and educational technologies were highlighted as strategies to expand the involvement of companions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: this study directs elements for health professionals and managers to rethink the companions' role in patient safety and development of collective strategies.

Cardiovascular characterization of the novel organic mononitrate NDIBP in rats.

Organic nitrates are widely used to restore endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels reduced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysfunction. However, these drugs are associated with undesirable side effects, including tolerance. This study aims to investigate the cardiovascular effects of the new organic nitrate 1,3-diisobutoxypropan-2-yl nitrate (NDIBP). Specifically, we assessed its effects on blood pressure, vascular reactivity, acute toxicity, and the ability to induce tolerance. In vitro and ex vivo techniques showed that NDIBP released NO both in a cell-free system and in isolated mesenteric arteries preparations through a process catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase. NDIBP also evoked endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, which was significantly attenuated by 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO, 300 µM), a nitric oxide scavenger; 1-H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 µM), a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor; tetraethylammonium (TEA, 3 mM), a potassium channel blocker; febuxostat (500 nM), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor; and proadifen (10 µM), an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzyme. Furthermore, this organic nitrate did not induce tolerance in isolated vessels and presented low toxicity following acute oral administration. In vivo changes on cardiovascular parameters were assessed using normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats. NDIBP evoked a reduction of blood pressure that was significantly higher in hypertensive animals. Our results suggest that NDIBP acts as a NO donor, inducing blood pressure reduction without having the undesirable effects of tolerance. Those effects seem to be mediated by activation of NO-sGC-cGMP pathway and positive modulation of K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle.

Care related to peripheral intravenous catheterism in pediatrics performed by nursing technicians / Cuidados relacionados al cateterismo intravenoso periférico en pediatría realizados por técnicos de enfermería / Cuidados relacionados ao cateterismo intravenoso periférico em pediatria realizados por técnicos de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the care practice adopted by nursing technicians before, during and after peripheral intravenous catheterization performed in hospitalized children. Methods: cross-sectional and descriptive research, carried out in a pediatric hospital in Bahia through non-participatory observation of peripheral intravenous catheterizations performed in children by nursing technicians. Data was collected through an instrument containing care related to the moments before, during and after insertion of the catheter, calculating absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: there were 31 nursing technicians, who performed care mainly before intravenous catheterization. Nonconformities were identified regarding hand hygiene, use of a disposable mask, selection of the catheter insertion site, antisepsis, stabilization and catheter coverage. Conclusions: most of the precautions observed regarding peripheral intravenous catheterization are not in accordance with the standards of practice recommended by the national and international literature.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar práctica de cuidado adoptada por técnicos de enfermería antes, durante y después de la cateterización intravenosa periférica realizada en niños hospitalizados. Métodos: investigación transversal y descriptiva, realizada en hospital pediátrico de Bahia mediante observación no participativa de cateterizaciones intravenosas periféricas realizadas en niños por técnicos de enfermería. Datos recolectados por instrumento conteniendo cuidados referentes a momentos antes, durante y después de la inserción del catéter, siendo calculadas frecuencias absolutas, relativas, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: observaron 31 técnicos de enfermería, que realizaron cuidados principalmente antes de la cateterización intravenosa. Identificaron inconformidades cuanto a higiene de manos, uso de mascarilla descartable, selección del local de inserción del catéter, realización de antisepsia, estabilización y cobertura del catéter. Conclusiones: mayoría de los cuidados observados referentes a cateterización intravenosa periférica no están de acuerdo con los estándares de práctica recomendados por la literatura nacional e internacional.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a prática de cuidado adotada pelos técnicos de enfermagem antes, durante e após a cateterização intravenosa periférica realizada em crianças hospitalizadas. Métodos: pesquisa transversal e descritiva, realizada num hospital pediátrico da Bahia por meio de observação não participativa das cateterizações intravenosas periféricas realizadas em crianças por técnicos de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados mediante um instrumento contendo os cuidados referentes aos momentos antes, durante e após a inserção do cateter, sendo calculadas frequências absolutas, relativas, medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Resultados: observaram-se 31 técnicos de enfermagem, que realizaram cuidados principalmente antes da cateterização intravenosa. Identificaram-se inconformidades quanto à higienização das mãos, uso de máscara descartável, seleção do sítio de inserção do cateter, realização da antissepsia, estabilização e cobertura do cateter. Conclusões: a maioria dos cuidados observados referentes à cateterização intravenosa periférica não estão de acordo com os padrões de prática recomendados pela literatura nacional e internacional.

Methods for measuring venous peripherally inserted central catheters in newborns / Métodos de medición de catéteres venosos centrales de inserción periférica en recién nacidos / Métodos de mensuração dos cateteres venosos centrais de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the results of insertion procedures of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in newborns using two measurement methods. Methods: this is a randomized clinical trial, presenting descriptive and exploratory results of variables. It was held at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data were collected between September 2018 and 2019. The sample analyzed was 88 catheter insertion procedures, distributed in two groups. Study approved by an Institutional Review Board and obtained registration in the country and abroad. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression of data. Results: modified measurement obtained a significant difference for the central catheter tip location. Elective removals and adverse events were not significant between groups; however, poor positioning was related to adverse events. Conclusions: between the two methods analyzed, the modified measurement obtained better results in the proper catheter tip positioning and, consequently, less risk to patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los resultados de los procedimientos de inserción del catéter central de inserción periférica en recién nacidos mediante dos métodos de medición. Métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, presentando los resultados descriptivos y exploratorios de las variables. Realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Los datos fueron recolectados entre septiembre de 2018 y 2019. La muestra analizada fueron 88 procedimientos de inserción de catéter, divididos en dos grupos. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética. Se obtuvo el registro en el país y en el exterior. Análisis descriptivo y regresión logística de los datos. Resultados: el método de medición modificado obtuvo una diferencia significativa para la ubicación central de la punta del catéter. Los retiros electivos y los eventos adversos no fueron significativos entre los grupos; sin embargo, la mala posición se relacionó con los eventos adversos. Conclusiones: entre los dos métodos analizados, la medida modificada obtuvo mejores resultados en el correcto posicionamiento de la punta del catéter y, en consecuencia, menor riesgo para los pacientes.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os resultados dos procedimentos de inserção de Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica em recém-nascidos utilizando dois métodos de mensuração. Métodos: ensaio clínico randomizado, apresentando os resultados descritivos e exploratórios das variáveis. Realizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2018 e 2019. A amostra analisada foi de 88 procedimentos de inserção do cateter, distribuídos em dois grupos. Estudo aprovado no Comitê de Ética. Obteve-se registro no país e exterior. Análise descritiva e regressão logística dos dados. Resultados: o método de medida modificada obteve diferença significativa para a localização central da ponta do cateter. Retiradas eletivas e eventos adversos não foram significativos entre os grupos, porém o mau posicionamento foi relacionado com os eventos adversos. Conclusões: entre os dois métodos analisados, a medida modificada obteve melhores resultados no posicionamento adequado da ponta do cateter e, consequentemente, menores riscos aos pacientes.

Involvement of companions in patient safety in pediatric and neonatal units: scope review / Implicación de los acompañantes en la seguridad del paciente de unidades pediátricas y neonatales: revisión de alcance / Envolvimento dos acompanhantes na segurança do paciente em unidades pediátricas e neonatais: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe scientific evidence on the involvement of companions in patient safety, from their own perspective and health professionals' perspective in neonatal and pediatric units. Methods: scoping review carried out according to The Joanna Briggs Institute's recommendations, in eight databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist, between 2011 and 2021. Results: the 13 studies included highlighted the importance of companions' involvement in patient safety and the prevention of adverse events. However, they pointed out failures in communication and weakness in the training of professionals, which were obstacles to their involvement. The strengthening of health education, multidisciplinary rounds and educational technologies were highlighted as strategies to expand the involvement of companions. Final Considerations: this study directs elements for health professionals and managers to rethink the companions' role in patient safety and development of collective strategies.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir la evidencia científica sobre la implicación de los acompañantes en la seguridad del paciente, desde la perspectiva del susodicho y de los profesionales sanitarios de las unidades neonatales y pediátricas. Métodos: es una revisión de alcance realizada entre 2011 y 2021 en ocho bases de datos, según las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs y siguiendo la lista de verificación Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: se incluyeron 13 estudios que demuestran la importancia de la implicación en la seguridad del paciente y en la prevención de eventos adversos. Sin embargo, se han detectado grietas en la comunicación y fragilidad en la formación de los profesionales, lo que dificulta dicha implicación. El fortalecimiento de la educación en salud, las rondas multidisciplinares y las tecnologías educativas se destacaron como estrategias para ampliar el envolvimiento de los acompañantes. Consideraciones Finales: Este estudio dirige elementos para que profesionales de la salud y gerentes reconsideren el papel de los acompañantes en la seguridad del paciente y desarrollo de estrategias colectivas.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever evidências científicas sobre o envolvimento dos acompanhantes na segurança do paciente, na perspectiva desses e dos profissionais de saúde em unidades neonatais e pediátricas. Métodos: revisão de escopo realizada segundo recomendações do The Joanna Briggs Institute, em oito bases de dados, seguindo o checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, entre 2011 e 2021. Resultados: os 13 estudos incluídos evidenciaram a importância do envolvimento do acompanhante na segurança do paciente e na prevenção de eventos adversos. Entretanto, apontaram falhas na comunicação e fragilidade na formação dos profissionais, sendo esses dificultadores para o envolvimento. O fortalecimento da educação em saúde, rounds multidisciplinares e tecnologias educativas foram destacadas como estratégias para ampliar o envolvimento dos acompanhantes. Considerações Finais: esse estudo direciona elementos para que profissionais de saúde e gestores repensem a atuação do acompanhante na segurança do paciente e desenvolvam estratégias coletivas.