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1.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 29(4): 467-474, jul.-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408008

RESUMO

Resumen No hay evidencia sólida acerca de la eficacia y la seguridad de la anticoagulación en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular y enfermedad renal crónica de grado 5, porque esta población ha sido excluida de los grandes ensayos clínicos controlados. La decisión de anticoagular en este escenario ha estado supeditada a los resultados de estudios observacionales con warfarina, algunos reportando un aumento en la incidencia de sangrado y ataque cerebrovascular con la anticoagulación, y a los de una cohorte retrospectiva con apixabán que encontró una reducción significativa del riesgo de sangrado mayor comparado con warfarina, y en el subgrupo de pacientes con dosis estándar de apixabán, además, una disminución del riesgo de ataque cerebrovascular. Evidencia reciente sugiere que, en pacientes con fibrilación auricular en hemodiálisis, la anticoagulación con apixabán no reduce los eventos cerebrovasculares, pero sí se asocia con mayor incidencia de sangrado en comparación con la no anticoagulación. En este artículo se hace una revisión narrativa de la literatura y se propone un algoritmo para el abordaje del paciente con fibrilación auricular no valvular y enfermedad renal crónica de grado 5.


Abstract Currently, there is no solid evidence regarding safety and efficacy of anticoagulation therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and stage 5 chronic kidney disease, as this population has been excluded from randomized controlled clinical trials. The decision to start anticoagulation in such setting has been based in results of observational studies with warfarin, some reporting an increase incidence of both bleeding and stroke, and with apixaban which was associated with a significant reduction in bleeding, stroke and death risk, compared to warfarin. Recent evidence suggests that, in patients with atrial fibrillation on hemodialysis, anticoagulation with apixaban does not reduce the incidence of stroke, but it is associated with a higher bleeding rate compared to no therapy at all. A narrative review of the literature was performed and a therapeutic approach is proposed for anticoagulation in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.

2.
Rev. colomb. nefrol. (En línea) ; 8(1): e407, ene.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347378

RESUMO

Resumen La glomerulonefritis posestreptocócica puede ser desencadenada por virus, bacterias hongos o parásitos, pues estos agentes son capaces de provocar una respuesta inflamatoria no controlada sobre el glomérulo y túbulo renal, en la cual participan la formación de inmunocomplejos y la activación de la vía alterna del complemento. Se han planteado múltiples mecanismos que involucran la generación de anticuerpos contra proteínas que hacen parte de la estructura del estreptococo y son conocidos como antígenos nefritogénicos, de los cuales los más estudiados recientemente son la exotoxina pirogénica B del estreptoco y la gliceraldehido-3-fosfato deshidrogenasa. Por su parte, la glomerulonefritis posestreptocócica suele tener un curso benigno con complicaciones que pueden ser controladas mediante manejo de soporte y es infrecuente en los adultos; sin embargo, en esta población tiene peor pronóstico que en los niños. Las lesiones proliferativas extracapilares son inusuales en la glomerulonefritis posestreptocócica. Se reporta el caso de un paciente adulto que presentó glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva secundaria a una infección por estreptococo.


Abstract: Post-infectious glomerulonephritis can be triggered by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. These agents can trigger an uncontrolled inflammatory response on the glomerulus and renal tubule, where the formation of immunocomplexes and the activation of the alternative complement pathway participate. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed that involve the generation of antibodies against proteins that are part of the structure of streptococcus and are known as nephrytogenic antigens of which the most recently studied are pyrogenic exotoxin B of streptococcus and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis usually has a benign course with complications that can be controlled with supportive management. It is rare in adults, however, when it occurs, it has a worse prognosis compared to children. Extracapillary proliferative lesions are unusual in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The case of an adult patient who debuted with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis secondary to a strep infection is presented.

3.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; (12): CD011122, 2015 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26671531

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anaemia is a common complication in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mainly develops as a consequence of relative erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency. Anaemia develops early in the course of disease and peaks among people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Many types of EPO - also called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) - are used to treat anaemia in people with ESKD.ESAs have changed treatment of severe anaemia among people with CKD by relieving symptoms and avoiding complications associated with blood transfusion. However, no benefits have been found in relation to mortality rates and non-cardiac fatal events, except quality of life. Moreover, a relationship between ESA use and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD has been reported in studies with fully correcting anaemia comparing with partial anaemia correction. Until 2012, guidelines recommended commencing ESA treatment when haemoglobin was less than 11 g/dL; the current recommendation is EPO commencement when haemoglobin is between 9 and 10 g/dL. However, advantages in commencing therapy when haemoglobin levels are greater than 10 g/dL but less than 11 g/dL remain unknown, especially among older people whose life expectancy is limited, but in whom EPO therapy may improve quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical benefits and harms of early versus delayed EPO for anaemia in patients with ESKD undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Specialised Register to 8 July 2015 through contact with the Trials' Search Co-ordinator using search terms relevant to this review. SELECTION CRITERIA: We planned to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs evaluating at the clinical benefits and harms of early versus delayed EPO for anaemia in patients with ESKD undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Studies comparing EPO with another EPO, placebo or no treatment were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: It was planned that two authors would independently extract data from included studies and assess risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. For dichotomous outcomes (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, overall myocardial infarction, overall stroke, vascular access thrombosis, adverse effects of treatment, transfusion), we planned to use the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We planned to calculate the mean difference (MD) and CI 95% for continuous data (haemoglobin level) and the standardised mean difference (SMD) with CI 95% for quality of life if different scales had been used. MAIN RESULTS: Literature searches yielded 1910 records, of these 1534 were screened after duplicates removed, of which 1376 were excluded following title and abstract assessment. We assessed 158 full text records and identified 18 studies (66 records) that were potentially eligible for inclusion. However, none matched our inclusion criteria and were excluded. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to assess the benefits and harms of early versus delayed EPO for the anaemia of ESKD.


Assuntos
Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Eritropoetina/uso terapêutico , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Anemia/etiologia , Hematínicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Renal
4.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 34(1): 88-95, ene.-feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-121437

RESUMO

Peritonitis has been the most common complication of continues ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) since it was first implemented, and it remains the leading cause of treatment failure and transfer to other renal replacement therapies. This study presents a Colombian series with a total of 2,469 episodes of peritonitis in 914 patients from a cohort of 1,497 patients on PD, who were followed for almost three decades at a single center. This is the largest Latin American series of patients with PD-related peritonitis. Objective: To describe the CAPD-related peritonitis in a cohort of patients followed for 27 years at a single center, and compare the results with those observed elsewhere in the world. Study Design: Prospective study of incident patients on CAPD from March 1981 to December 2008. Results: In our center, the rate of peritonitis has been steady between 0.8 and 0.9 since 1981 and no significant changes have been noticed in the 27 years of follow up. The rate remains similar to that described nowadays by other large dialysis centers in the world, which have reported significant improvements in recent decades. No significant differences were found in the isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms or fungi with respect to those reported by other large series, or in the frequency of culture-negative peritonitis. Conclusion: This study presents the largest Latin American series of patients with CAPD-related peritonitis with a total of 2,469 patients. In this study, the rate of CAPD-related peritonitis remained almost the same during the three decades of observation despite having used three different CAPD systems. Our hypothesis is that the socio-economic conditions of the patients admitted for peritoneal dialysis influences the rate of peritonitis (AU)


Desde que se implementó por primera vez, la peritonitis ha sido la complicación más común de la diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria continua (DPAC) y sigue siendo la causa principal del fracaso del tratamiento y del cambio a otros tratamientos renales sustitutivos. En este estudio se presenta una serie colombiana de un total de 2469 episodios de peritonitis en 914 pacientes de una cohorte de 1497 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal (DP), que fueron sometidos a seguimiento durante casi tres décadas en un único centro. Se trata de la mayor serie de Latinoamérica de pacientes con peritonitis asociada con DP. Objetivo: Describir la peritonitis asociada con la DPAC en una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a seguimiento durante 27 años en un único centro y comparar los resultados con los observados en otras partes del mundo. Diseño del estudio: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes incidentes de DPAC desde marzo de 1981 hasta diciembre de 2008. Resultados: En nuestro centro, la tasa de peritonitis ha permanecido estable entre 0,8 y 0,9 desde 1981 y no se han observado cambios significativos en los 27 años de seguimiento. La tasa es similar a la descrita actualmente por otros grandes centros de diálisis del mundo, que han registrado importantes mejoras en las últimas décadas. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en las muestras aisladas de microorganismos gram positivos o gram negativos u hongos en lo que respecta a los registrados en otras grandes series ni en la frecuencia de peritonitis con cultivo negativo. Conclusión: En este estudio se presenta la mayor serie de Latinoamérica de pacientes con peritonitis asociada con DPAC con un total de 2469 pacientes. La tasa de peritonitis asociada con DPAC permaneció prácticamente inalterable durante las tres décadas de observación, a pesar de haber utilizado tres sistemas diferentes de DPAC. Nuestra hipótesis es que las condiciones socioeconómicas de los pacientes ingresados para diálisis peritoneal influyen en la tasa de peritonitis


Assuntos
Humanos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Diálise Peritoneal/estatística & dados numéricos , Peritonite/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Risco , Colômbia/epidemiologia
5.
Nefrologia ; 34(1): 88-95, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24336639

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Peritonitis has been the most common complication of continues ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) since it was first implemented, and it remains the leading cause of treatment failure and transfer to other renal replacement therapies. This study presents a Colombian series with a total of 2,469 episodes of peritonitis in 914 patients from a cohort of 1,497 patients on PD, who were followed for almost three decades at a single center. This is the largest Latin American series of patients with PD-related peritonitis. OBJECTIVE: To describe the CAPD-related peritonitis in a cohort of patients followed for 27 years at a single center, and compare the results with those observed elsewhere in the world. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of incident patients on CAPD from March 1981 to December 2008. RESULTS: In our center, the rate of peritonitis has been steady between 0.8 and 0.9 since 1981 and no significant changes have been noticed in the 27 years of follow up. The rate remains similar to that described nowadays by other large dialysis centers in the world, which have reported significant improvements in recent decades. No significant differences were found in the isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms or fungi with respect to those reported by other large series, or in the frequency of culture-negative peritonitis. CONCLUSION: This study presents the largest Latin American series of patients with CAPD-related peritonitis with a total of 2,469 patients. In this study, the rate of CAPD-related peritonitis remained almost the same during the three decades of observation despite having used three different CAPD systems. Our hypothesis is that the socio-economic conditions of the patients admitted for peritoneal dialysis influences the rate of peritonitis.


Assuntos
Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/efeitos adversos , Peritonite/etiologia , Adulto , Colômbia , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peritonite/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 14(1): 23-31, ene. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-636748

RESUMO

El Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) puede afectar todas las edades y su inicio en los mayores de 50 años aunque es poco común no es raro, correspondiendo aproximadamente a un 12% de los pacientes. Se han reportado diferencias en la forma de presentación del LES de inicio tardío y variaciones con respecto al de los pacientes jóvenes relacionadas con el género, el intervalo entre el inicio de síntomas y el momento del diagnóstico, las diferentes manifestaciones clínicas, el perfil inmunológico y su severidad y pronóstico. Objetivo: el objetivo fue describir las características clínicas y serológicas de los pacientes con LES del anciano (> 50 años) y compararlas con una población control de pacientes de inicio temprano (> 18 años y < 50 años) tanto al inicio de la enfermedad como durante su evolución. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en la Sección de Reumatología de la Universidad de Antioquia en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paul, en Medellín, Colombia que incluyó 21 pacientes con LES de inicio tardío (15 mujeres y 6 hombres) y 63 pacientes con LES de inicio temprano (57 mujeres y 6 hombres) que cumplieran con cuatro o más criterios del ACR para el diagnóstico de LES. Las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes se revisaron exhaustivamente en busca de características epidemiológicas de la enfermedad, manifestaciones clínicas divididas por sistemas, perfil de autoanticuerpos y pruebas de función renal, hematológicas y endocrino-metabólicas. Además se evaluaron los índices de actividad de la enfermedad según el SLEDAI. Resultados: la relación mujer-hombre fue significativamente más baja en la población de inicio tardío (2,5:1 vs. 9,5:1; p = 0,005). Comparados con los jóvenes los ancianos tuvieron frecuencias más altas de mialgias (47,6 vs. 25,4%, p= 0,05), neumonitis intersticial (19 vs. 1,6%, p= 0,003), trastornos del afecto (19 vs. 4,8%; p= 0,04) y osteoporosis (23,8 vs. 1,6%, p= 0,0006) entre otros. Por el contrario los jóvenes tuvieron mayor frecuencia de eritema malar (49,2 vs. 23,85%, p= 0,004), úlceras orales (44,4 vs. 0%, p= 0,0001) y nefritis lúpica (39,7 vs. 14,3%, p= 0,032) en el inicio de la enfermedad. Durante el seguimiento persistieron estos hallazgos. En la evaluación de autoinmunidad sólo se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significante en la disminución en el seguimiento de C3 (45% vs. 71,6 con p= 0,03) y C4 (36,8% vs. 64,1% con p= 0,04) en los pacientes jóvenes. La actividad de la enfermedad evaluada por el índice de SLEDAI no mostró diferencias entre ambos grupos, tanto al inicio como durante el seguimiento de la enfermedad. Conclusión: en esta población colombiana existen importantes diferencias clínicas entre ambos grupos que pueden afectar el pronóstico.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects all ages and the onset of SLE above 50 years of age is uncommon but not rare and up 12% of patients are affect after the 6th decade. It has been reported differences in the form of presentation of late onset SLE and variations between young and older patients such as sex predominance, interval between time of onset of symptoms and signs to diagnosis, clinical and immunological features, severity and prognosis. Objective: the aim of this study were to describe and compare retrospectively the clinical and serological features between early (> 18 and < 50 years) and late onset (> 50 years) SLE in a Colombian population. Methods: twenty one patients with late onset SLE (15 women and 6 men) and 63 patients with early SLE (57 women and 6 men) were studied retrospectively. All met four or more ACR criteria for the diagnosis of SLE. A detailed clinical and laboratory assessment according to a pre-established protocol was made of each patient including age, sex, age at onset and diagnosis, number of ACR criteria, clinical manifestations, immunological markers, index of activity illness with SLEDAI and years of follow up. Results: late onset SLE female/male ratio was much reduced than in the early group (2,5:1 vs. 9.5:1, p= 0.005) and more frequencies of myalgias (47.6 vs. 25.4% p= 0.05), interstitial pneumonitis (19.0% vs. 1.6%, p= 0.003), mood disorders (19 vs. 4.8%, p= 0.04), osteoporosis (23.8% vs. 1,6%, p= 0.0006) instead of early SLE who had more malar rash (49.2% vs. 23.85, p= 0.04), oral ulcers (44.4% vs. 0%, p= 0.0001), nephritis (39.7% vs. 14.3% p= 0.032) at the onset of the disease. This features persisted during the follow up. We did not find any differences in activity illness with SLEDAI. Conclusion: in this Colombian population there are important clinical differences between groups, which can affect the prognosis of SLE.


Assuntos
Humanos , Sinais e Sintomas , Testes Sorológicos , Pacientes , População , Diagnóstico Clínico , Colômbia , Laboratórios , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico
7.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 11(4): 333-338, dic. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-406574

RESUMO

El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) no sólo compromete mujeres jóvenes en edad reproductiva sino que también puede afectar los extremos de la vida. La aparición de esta entidad por encima de los 50 años es poco frecuente y se han usado múltiples términos de manera indistinta para denominarla, incluyendo LES del anciano y LES de inicio tardío. Los estudios epidemiológicos han mostrado que el compromiso multiorgánico en este grupo de edad, al igual que las características clínicas y serológicas se diferencian de las presentadas en etapas anteriores de la vida. El inicio de la enfermedad es generalmente insidioso y con sintomatología inespecífica, lo que dificulta el diagnóstico y explica los largos períodos de tiempo entre el inicio de la sintomatología y éste. Hay en estos pacientes una mayor frecuencia de neumonitis intersticial, serositis, citopenias, neuropatía periférica y síntomas sicca y una disminución en la presentación de alopecia, eritema malar y fotosensibilidad. Aunque la población anciana sana tiene una alta frecuencia de autoanticuerpos, el hallazgo mas llamativo en pacientes ancianos con LES lo constituye la alta prevalencia de anticuerpos Anti-Ro y Anti-La en ausencia de Anti-RNP


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/sangue
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