[The DNA content in precancer, peripheral cancer and carcinoids of the lung (histospectrophotometric research)]. / Soderzhanie DNK pri predrake, perifericheskom rake i kartsinoidakh legkogo (gistospektrofotometricheskoe issledovanie).

Histospectrophotometric study of DNA content shows that, at the lung periphery, oval structures with atypia, adenomatosis with atypia, dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia with bronchial epithelium atypia should be regarded as precancerous lesions. Carcinoma in situ and bronchoalveolar carcinoma are distinguished from the foci of epithelial dysplasia by an increase of DNA content and appearance of hetero- and aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is observed in 97% peripheral lung carcinoma and is combined with a heterogeneity of cells by their DNA content. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma are characterized by a marked heterogeneity which correlates with a degree of tumour morphological atypia. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumours with a different histogenesis and pronounced anaplasia which is expressed in a various degree of polyaneuploidy and heteroploidy. Small cell lung carcinoma, a special group of tumours, which, as distinct from other carcinoma types, is characterized by a low, sometimes diploid DNA content which does not correlate with its malignancy.

[The extracellular matrix of peripheral lung cancer in the scar and of pneumosclerosis of different origins (the immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the collagens)]. / Ekstratselliuliarnyi matriks perifericheskogo raka legkogo v rubtse i pnevmoskleroza razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniia (immunogistokhimiia i élektronnaia mikroskopiia kollagenov).

Collagen types and ultrastructural features of the stroma and scar extracellular matrix in the peripheral lung carcinoma, post-tuberculosis and post-pneumonia pneumosclerosis foci, fibrosing alveolitis interstitium were studied on the material of operational and transbronchial lung biopsies. It is established that by the collagen composition the scars in the peripheral carcinoma are identical to the pneumosclerosis foci and are distinguished from the carcinoma stroma by a higher concentration of type IV and V collagens (p less than 0.05). Accumulation of type III collagen in the lung carcinoma stroma reflects anaplasia of the tumour as the domination of type III collagen is characteristic of the embryonal tissue. The decrease of collagen type IV in the cancer stroma correlates with an increase of its malignancy. Pneumosclerosis in the fibrosing alveolitis is distinct from the focal forms of pneumosclerosis by a higher content of collagen I and a lower content of collagen V this being probably due to the character of sclerosis morphogenesis in this disease.

[Kidney adenoma]. / Adenomy pochek.

Morphological, electron microscopic, histospectrophotometric and morphometric (mean nuclear surface and ellipticity coefficient) studies of small cortical adenomas were performed. Surgical (kidneys removed because of renal cell carcinoma and shrinkage) and autopsy (atrophic kidney) materials were used. Total 142 adenomas were found in 93 out of 592 observations. The incidence of adenomas in kidneys with renal cell carcinoma was 12%, in contracted kidneys 19.2 and 19.44% (surgical and autopsy material). Electron microscopic examination was performed in 15 adenoma cases. Comparative quantitative DNA determination was performed in sections stained by Feulgen using plug-method on the microscope spectrum analyzers in 20 cases of adenoma and 15 cases of renal cell carcinoma identical histologically to adenocarcinoma. This combined study revealed the adenomas heterogeneity. Only part of them (well differentiated with diploid DNA-histograms and nuclei up to 32 mm2 may be referred to adenomas. All the others morphologically and morphometrically are close to adenocarcinomas. The type of DNA distribution and mean nuclear surface are most important for differential diagnosis between renal adenoma and carcinoma.

[The morphological characteristics of hepatocyte dysplasia]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika displazii gepatotsitov.

Two variants of dysplastic hepatocytes are revealed: small and large which are characterized by cell atypia and probably result from the disturbance of regenerative processes. The disturbance of the liver lobule architectonics is also a feature of dysplasia. The degree of hepatocyte dysplasia assessed by morphometric indices (nuclei surface, ratio of ellipticity) and its frequency increase with progression of the pathological process: chronic persistent hepatitis----chronic active hepatitis----liver cirrhosis----hepatocellular carcinoma. More frequent observation of the hepatocyte dysplasia in viral liver conditions (HBsAg in dysplastic hepatocytes) indicates the role of hepatitis B virus in the development of hepatocyte dysplasia. Increase of DNA content and nuclei polymorphism are observed in small and large dysplastic hepatocytes when the degree of dysplasia is increasing, this making these cells closer to cells of hepatocellular carcinoma and favouring the concept of hepatocellular carcinoma development in the foci of dysplastic hepatocytes, particularly in liver cirrhosis.