Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake, Quality of Life, and Dysphagia in Women With Fibromyalgia.

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is an idiopathic chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia that has been recently associated with risk of dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the association between nutritional status, micro- and macronutrient intake, and quality of life (QoL) in a cohort of women with FMS and risk of dysphagia compared to women with FMS without risk of dysphagia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 46 women with FMS. Risk of dysphagia was assessed by the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test (V-VST). The Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to assess dietary intake and QoL, respectively. RESULTS: Thirty women with FMS were at risk for dysphagia (65.21%), assessed by the EAT-10. Based on the V-VST, the frequency of risk of dysphagia was 63.04%. Significant differences in body mass index (BMI) were found between women at risk for dysphagia and those without risk. Women at risk for dysphagia had significantly lower overall QoL scores than those women without risk. No significant differences were found for dietary intake and dysphagia risk. DISCUSSION: Women with FMS at risk for dysphagia have significantly lower BMI values and worse QoL than women without dysphagia risk, supporting the importance of assessing dysphagia in clinical practice in persons with FMS.

Use of olive and sunflower protein hydrolysates for the physical and oxidative stabilization of fish oil-in-water emulsions.

BACKGROUND: Olive and sunflower seeds are by-products generated in large amounts by the plant oil industry. The technological and biological properties of plant-based substrates, especially protein hydrolysates, have increased their use as functional ingredients for food matrices. The present study evaluates the physical and oxidative stabilities of 50 g kg-1 fish oil-in-water emulsions where protein hydrolysates from olive and sunflower seeds were incorporated at 20 g kg-1 protein as natural emulsifiers. The goal was to investigate the effect of protein source (i.e. olive and sunflower seeds), enzyme (i.e. subtilisin and trypsin) and degree of hydrolysis (5%, 8% and 11%) on the ability of the hydrolysate to stabilize the emulsion and retard lipid oxidation over a 7-day storage period. RESULTS: The plant protein hydrolysates displayed different emulsifying and antioxidant capacities when incorporated into the fish oil-in-water emulsions. The hydrolysates with degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of 5%, especially those from sunflower seed meal, provided higher physical stability, regardless of the enzymatic treatment. For example, the average D [2, 3] values for the emulsions containing sunflower subtilisin hydrolysates at DH 5% only slightly increased from 1.21 ± 0.02 µm (day 0) to 2.01 ± 0.04 µm (day 7). Moreover, the emulsions stabilized with sunflower or olive seed hydrolysates at DH 5% were stable against lipid oxidation throughout the storage experiment, with no significant variation in the oxidation indices between days 0 and 4. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study support the use of sunflower seed hydrolysates at DH 5% as natural emulsifiers for fish oil-in-water emulsions, providing both physical and chemical stability against lipid oxidation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

A comparative study on chromium-induced micronuclei assessment in the peripheral blood of Hsd:ICR mice.

This study investigated the genotoxic effects of chromium (Cr) in Hsd:ICR mice, considering factors such as oxidative state, apoptosis, exposure pathway, duration, pregnancy, and transplacental exposure. Genotoxicity was assessed using the erythrocytes' micronucleus (MN) assay, while apoptosis was evaluated in nucleated blood cells. The results showed that Cr(III) (CrK(SO4 )2 and CrCl3 ) did not induce any marked genotoxic damage. However, Cr(VI) (CrO3 , K2 Cr2 O7 , Na2 Cr2 O7 , and K2 CrO4 ) produced varying degrees of genotoxicity, with CrO3 being the most potent. MN frequencies increased following 24-h exposure, with a greater effect in male mice. Administering 20 mg/kg of CrO3 via gavage did not lead to significant effects compared to intraperitoneal administration. Short-term oral treatment with a daily dose of 8.5 mg/kg for 49 days elevated MN levels only on day 14 after treatment. Pregnant female mice exposed to CrO3 on day 15 of pregnancy exhibited reduced genotoxic effects compared to nonpregnant animals. However, significant increases in MN levels were found in their fetuses starting 48 h after exposure. In summary, data indicate the potential genotoxic effects of Cr, with Cr(VI) forms inducing higher genotoxicity than Cr(III). These findings indicate that gender, exposure route, and pregnancy status might influence genotoxic responses to Cr.

Effects of green tea polyphenols against metal-induced genotoxic damage: underlying mechanistic pathways.

This review is based upon evidence from the published effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on genotoxic damage induced by metals with carcinogenic potential. First, the relationship between GTP and antioxidant defense system is provided. Subsequently, the processes involved in the oxidative stress generated by metals and their relationship to oxidative DNA damage is examined. The review demonstrated that GTP generally decrease oxidative DNA damage induced by exposure to metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb). The pathways involved in these effects are related to: (1) direct scavenging of free radicals (FR); (2) activation of mechanisms to repair oxidative DNA damage; (3) regulation of the endogenous antioxidant system; and (4) elimination of cells with genetic damage via apoptosis. The results obtained in the studies reviewed demonstrate potential for possible use of GTP to prevent and treat oxidative damage in populations exposed to metals. Further, GTP may be considered as adjuvants to treatments for metal-associated diseases related to oxidative stress and DNA damage.

Predatory Arthropods Associated with the Invasive Tipu Psyllid, Platycorypha nigrivirga, in Southern Spain.

Platycorypha nigrivirga Burckhardt (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a neotropical invasive species strictly associated with the tipu tree, Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae). This psyllid has rapidly spread to several temperate areas of Spain and Portugal causing considerable problems in urban landscapes. The aim of this study was to determine the arthropod predator complex of this exotic insect and report the possibility of its biological control. Three urban green areas were surveyed in southern Spain during 2018 and 2019. Platycorypha nigrivirga populations increased during the spring months and reached a maximum level between late May and mid-June, declining greatly during the summer. A large complex of generalist predator species was found to exert a certain natural control on the pest, belonging to Anthocoridae (68.53%), Coccinellidae (18.39%), Chrysopidae (5.67%), Miridae (4.39%) and Araneae (3.02%). Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) was the most abundant predatory species, followed by Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Scymnus laetificus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). High levels of abundance of anthocorids coincided with the highest abundance of the pest, showing a significant relationship with the psyllid density. Anthocoris nemoralis seems to be a promising candidate to control P. nigrivirga in the urban green areas of southern Spain, but more studies are needed to define the optimum management strategies.

Antigenotoxicidad de la isoflavona de soya genisteína en ratones expuestos a compuestos cancerígenos del cromo hexavalente / Antigenotoxicity of the soy isoflavone genistein in mice exposed to carcinogenic hexavalent chromium compounds

Introducción: el consumo de alimentos ricos en antioxidantes como las isoflavonas de la soya puede ser una alternativa en la protección y modulación de la genotoxicidad de metales con potencial cancerígeno asociado al estrés oxidativo. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto antigenotóxico de la isoflavona de soya genisteína en ratones expuestos a compuestos cancerígenos de cromo hexavalente (Cr[VI]). Material y método: veinticinco ratones Hsd:ICR macho fueron divididos en cinco grupos tratados de la siguiente forma: a) vehículo 1 (agua destilada estéril, vía-oral); b) vehículo 2 (aceite de maíz para compuestos liposolubles, vía-intraperitoneal); c) 15 mg/kg de genisteína, vía-oral; d) 20 mg/kg de CrO3 vía-intraperitoneal; y e) 15 mg/kg de genisteína cuatro horas antes de la aplicación de 20 mg/kg de CrO3. Se realizaron evaluaciones de micronúcleos (MN), apoptosis, relación de eritrocitos policromáticos/normocromáticos (EPC/ENC) y viabilidad celular en sangre periférica obtenida a las 0, 24, 48 y 72 horas. Resultados: el tratamiento con genisteína redujo los MN cuando fue administrada previamente al tratamiento con CrO3, siendo mayor el efecto a las 48 horas (reducción del 84 %). La viabilidad celular se redujo con los tratamientos de genisteína y CrO3 solos, siendo mayor el efecto en este último. Conclusiones: la genisteína bloqueó eficazmente la acción genotóxica del CrO3. El hecho de que se redujeran los MN y la apoptosis en el grupo tratado con la genisteína y el CrO3 sugiere que la genisteína pudo haber inhibido el daño oxidativo del Cr(VI) ya que, al no haber células con daño, las vías apoptóticas no se activaron. (AU)

Introduction: the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as soy isoflavones may be an alternative in the protection and modulation against metal-induced genotoxicity with carcinogenic potential associated with oxidative stress.Objective: to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of soy isoflavone genistein in mice exposed to carcinogenic compounds of hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]).Material and method: twenty-five male Hsd:ICR mice were divided into five groups treated as follows: a) vehicle 1 (sterile distilled water, intraperitoneally); b) vehicle 2 (corn oil for fat-soluble compounds, orally); c) 15 mg/kg of genistein, orally; d) 20 mg/kg of CrO3, intraperitoneally; and e) 15 mg/kg of genistein four hours before the application of 20 mg/kg of CrO3. Evaluations of micronuclei (MN), apoptosis, ratio of polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes (EPC/ENC) and cell viability in peripheral blood obtained at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours were performed.Results: the treatment with genistein reduced MN when administered prior to treatment with CrO3, the effect being greater at 48 hours (reduction of 84 %). Cell viability was reduced with genistein and CrO3 treatments alone, the effect being greater in the latter.Conclusions: genistein effectively blocked the genotoxic action of CrO3. The fact that MN and apoptosis were reduced in the group treated with genistein and CrO3 suggests that genistein could have inhibited the oxidative damage of Cr(VI) since, as there were no cells with damage, the apoptotic pathways were not activated. (AU)

[Antigenotoxicity of the soy isoflavone genistein in mice exposed to carcinogenic hexavalent chromium compounds]. / Antigenotoxicidad de la isoflavona de soya genisteína en ratones expuestos a compuestos cancerígenos del cromo hexavalente.

Introduction: Introduction: the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as soy isoflavones may be an alternative in the protection and modulation against metal-induced genotoxicity with carcinogenic potential associated with oxidative stress. Objective: to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of soy isoflavone genistein in mice exposed to carcinogenic compounds of hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]). Material and method: twenty-five male Hsd:ICR mice were divided into five groups treated as follows: a) vehicle 1 (sterile distilled water, intraperitoneally); b) vehicle 2 (corn oil for fat-soluble compounds, orally); c) 15 mg/kg of genistein, orally; d) 20 mg/kg of CrO3, intraperitoneally; and e) 15 mg/kg of genistein four hours before the application of 20 mg/kg of CrO3. Evaluations of micronuclei (MN), apoptosis, ratio of polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes (EPC/ENC) and cell viability in peripheral blood obtained at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours were performed. Results: the treatment with genistein reduced MN when administered prior to treatment with CrO3, the effect being greater at 48 hours (reduction of 84 %). Cell viability was reduced with genistein and CrO3 treatments alone, the effect being greater in the latter. Conclusions: genistein effectively blocked the genotoxic action of CrO3. The fact that MN and apoptosis were reduced in the group treated with genistein and CrO3 suggests that genistein could have inhibited the oxidative damage of Cr(VI) since, as there were no cells with damage, the apoptotic pathways were not activated.

Introducción: Introducción: el consumo de alimentos ricos en antioxidantes como las isoflavonas de la soya puede ser una alternativa en la protección y modulación de la genotoxicidad de metales con potencial cancerígeno asociado al estrés oxidativo. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto antigenotóxico de la isoflavona de soya genisteína en ratones expuestos a compuestos cancerígenos de cromo hexavalente (Cr[VI]). Material y método: veinticinco ratones Hsd:ICR macho fueron divididos en cinco grupos tratados de la siguiente forma: a) vehículo 1 (agua destilada estéril, vía-oral); b) vehículo 2 (aceite de maíz para compuestos liposolubles, vía-intraperitoneal); c) 15 mg/kg de genisteína, vía-oral; d) 20 mg/kg de CrO3 vía-intraperitoneal; y e) 15 mg/kg de genisteína cuatro horas antes de la aplicación de 20 mg/kg de CrO3. Se realizaron evaluaciones de micronúcleos (MN), apoptosis, relación de eritrocitos policromáticos/normocromáticos (EPC/ENC) y viabilidad celular en sangre periférica obtenida a las 0, 24, 48 y 72 horas. Resultados: el tratamiento con genisteína redujo los MN cuando fue administrada previamente al tratamiento con CrO3, siendo mayor el efecto a las 48 horas (reducción del 84 %). La viabilidad celular se redujo con los tratamientos de genisteína y CrO3 solos, siendo mayor el efecto en este último. Conclusiones: la genisteína bloqueó eficazmente la acción genotóxica del CrO3. El hecho de que se redujeran los MN y la apoptosis en el grupo tratado con la genisteína y el CrO3 sugiere que la genisteína pudo haber inhibido el daño oxidativo del Cr(VI) ya que, al no haber células con daño, las vías apoptóticas no se activaron.

Catequinas del té verde: efectos antigenotóxicos y genotóxicos. Revisión sistemática / Green tea catechins: antigenotoxic and genotoxic effects. Systematic review

Las catequinas del té verde (Camellia sinensis) (CTV) presentan efectos benéficos para la salud asociados a su potencial antioxidante. Por otra parte, el estrés oxidante es una de las vías de inducción de daño genotóxico. De ahí que, en la presente revisión se realizó un análisis de los efectos antigenotóxicos y genotóxicos de las CTV, haciendo énfasis en las vías implicadas en estos procesos y sus efectos en la salud. Se realizó una revisión de artículos indexados en las bases de datos de PubMed® y Science Direct® (2021) con las palabras clave "green tea" y "green tea catechins". Se delimitaron los estudios utilizando los operadores booleanos "AND", "OR" y "NOT" ("antigenotoxic", "genotoxic", "antioxidant" y "prooxidant"). En su mayoría se consideraron las publicaciones del 2016 al 2021. Se observó que los efectos benéficos en la salud de las CTV están relacionados con: a) su actividad antioxidante mediante la captura, inhibición y prevención de la formación de las especies reactivas de oxígeno; b) la regulación del sistema antioxidante endógeno; c) la activación de los mecanismos de reparación al contribuir en la eliminación del aducto 8-hidroxi-2'-desoxiguanosina; d) la inducción de apoptosis en células con daño al ADN; y e) la inhibición de la inflamación relacionada con su actividad antiapoptótica. Si bien, en algunos de los estudios se reportaron efectos genotóxicos, estos a su vez contribuyeron en la eliminación de células con daño genético, por lo que, no se puede considerar del todo a la actividad genotóxica de las CTV como perjudiciales para la salud(AU)

The green tea catechins (Camellia sinensis) (CTV) have beneficial effects for health associated with their antioxidant potential. Moreover, oxidative stress is one of the pathways for inducing genotoxic damage. Hence, in this review, an analysis of the antigenotoxic and genotoxic effects of CTV was carried out, emphasizing the pathways involved in these processes and their effects on health. A review of articles indexed in the PubMed® and ScienceDirect® (2021) databases with the keywords "green tea" and "green tea catechins" was carried out. Studies were delimited using the Boolean operators "AND", "OR" and "NOT" ("antigenotoxic", "genotoxic", "antioxidant" and "prooxidant"). For the most part, publications from 2016 to 2021 were considered. It was observed that the beneficial health effects of CTVs are related to: a) their antioxidant activity through the capture, inhibition and prevention of the formation of reactive oxygen species; b) the regulation of the endogenous antioxidant system; c) the activation of the repair mechanisms by contributing to the elimination of the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct; d) the induction of apoptosis in cells with DNA damage; and e) the inhibition of inflammation related to its antiapoptotic activity. Although some of the studies reported genotoxic effects, these in turn contributed to the elimination of cells with genetic damage. Therefore, the genotoxic activity of CTV cannot be considered as harmful to health

Evaluation of Plant Protein Hydrolysates as Natural Antioxidants in Fish Oil-In-Water Emulsions.

In this work, we evaluated the physical and oxidative stabilities of 5% w/w fish oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with 1%wt Tween20 and containing 2 mg/mL of protein hydrolysates from olive seed (OSM-H), sunflower (SFSM-H), rapeseed (RSM-H) and lupin (LUM-H) meals. To this end, the plant-based substrates were hydrolyzed at a 20% degree of hydrolysis (DH) employing a mixture 1:1 of subtilisin: trypsin. The hydrolysates were characterized in terms of molecular weight profile and in vitro antioxidant activities (i.e., DPPH scavenging and ferrous ion chelation). After incorporation of the plant protein hydrolysates as water-soluble antioxidants in the emulsions, a 14-day storage study was conducted to evaluate both the physical (i.e., ζ-potential, droplet size and emulsion stability index) and oxidative (e.g., peroxide and anisidine value) stabilities. The highest in vitro DPPH scavenging and iron (II)-chelating activities were exhibited by SFSM-H (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and RSM-H (IC50 = 0.41 ± 0.06 mg/mL). All the emulsions were physically stable within the storage period, with ζ-potential values below -35 mV and an average mean diameter D[4,3] of 0.411 ± 0.010 µm. Although LUM-H did not prevent lipid oxidation in emulsions, OSM-H and SFSM-H exhibited a remarkable ability to retard the formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products during storage when compared with the control emulsion without antioxidants. Overall, our findings show that plant-based enzymatic hydrolysates are an interesting alternative to be employed as natural antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation in food emulsions.

Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Genotoxic Damage in Hsd:ICR Male Mice.

The aim of this study is to examine the ability of resveratrol to counteract hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced genetic damage, as well as the possible pathways associated with this protection. Hsd:ICR male mice are divided into groups of the following five individuals each: (a) control 1, distilled water; (b) control 2, ethanol 30%; (c) resveratrol, 50 mg/kg by gavage; (d) CrO3, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally; (e) resveratrol + CrO3, resveratrol administered 4 h prior to CrO3. The assessment is performed on peripheral blood. Micronuclei (MN) kinetics are measured from 0 to 72 h, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adduct repair levels, endogenous antioxidant system biomarkers, and apoptosis frequency were quantified after 48 h. Resveratrol reduces the frequency of Cr(VI)-induced MN and shows significant effects on the 8-OHdG adduct levels, suggesting that cell repair could be enhanced by this polyphenol. Concomitant administration of resveratrol and Cr(VI) results in a return of the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase to control levels, accompanied by modifications of superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels. Thus, antioxidant properties might play an important role in resveratrol-mediated inhibition of Cr(VI)-induced oxidant genotoxicity. The increase in apoptotic cells and the decrease in necrosis further confirmed that resveratrol effectively blocks the actions of Cr(VI).

HDAC Inhibitors Enhance Efficacy of the Oncolytic Adenoviruses Ad∆∆ and Ad-3∆-A20T in Pancreatic and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Models.

The prognosis for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is dismal. TNBC and PDAC are highly aggressive cancers with few treatment options and a potential for rapid resistance to standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) represent a promising tumour-selective strategy that can overcome treatment resistance and eliminate cancer cells by lysis and host immune activation. We demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) potently enhanced the cancer-cell killing of our OAds, Ad∆∆ and Ad-3∆-A20T in TNBC and PDAC preclinical models. In the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-436, SUM159 and CAL51, cell killing, viral uptake and replication were increased when treated with sublethal doses of the Class-I-selective HDACis Scriptaid, Romidepsin and MS-275. The pan-HDACi, TSA efficiently improved OAd efficacy, both in vitro and in SUM159 xenograft models in vivo. Cell killing and Ad∆∆ replication was also significantly increased in five PDAC cell lines when pre-treated with TSA. Efficacy was dependent on treatment time and dose, and on the specific genetic alterations in each cell line. Expression of the cancer specific αvß6-integrin supported higher viral uptake of the integrin-retargeted Ad-3∆-A20T in combination with Scriptaid. In conclusion, we demonstrate that inhibition of specific HDACs is a potential means to enhance OAd activity, supporting clinical translation.

Cost Model for Biogas and Biomethane Production in Anaerobic Digestion and Upgrading. Case Study: Castile and Leon.

The increase in pig production is a key factor in the fight against climate change. The main problem is the amount of slurry which causes environmental problems, therefore optimal management is needed. This management consists of an anaerobic digestion process in which biogas is produced and a subsequent upgrading process produces biomethane. In this study, a comparison of different biomethane production systems is completed in order to determine the optimum for each pig farm, determining that conventional upgrading systems can be used on farms with more than 11,000 pigs and, for smaller numbers of pigs, the biological upgrading system. The implementation of these technologies contributes to reducing fossil energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions by using biogas and biomethane as heat, electricity or vehicle fuel.

Habilidades investigativas en estudiantes del ciclo clínico de la carrera de Estomatología / Research skills in students of the clinical cycle of Stomatology pre-graduate studies

RESUMEN Introducción: las habilidades investigativas se insertan en la formación del profesional de estomatología como una de las dimensiones claves del proceso de formación. Objetivo: evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del estado actual de desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas en el ciclo clínico de la carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal, en la que participaron 68 estudiantes de tercer a quinto año, durante la culminación del curso 2018-2019. Fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo intencional. Se empleó un cuestionario de percepción del dominio de las habilidades relacionadas con el manejo de la información científica, el diseño y ejecución de investigaciones, y el análisis de situación de salud bucal. Resultados: los estudiantes reconocieron tener dominio de la habilidad para el manejo de la información científica y para el análisis de situación de salud bucal. Las acciones menos dominadas fueron la recopilación de información y el diseño de un perfil de proyecto de investigación. La Jornada Científica Estudiantil y el trabajo de curso fueron las vías más empleadas para la divulgación científica. Predominaron los obstáculos externos, seguidos de obstáculos asociados al propio dominio de la habilidad para el diseño y la ejecución de la investigación científica. Conclusión: los estudiantes del ciclo clínico de la carrera de Estomatología reconocen poseer un adecuado dominio de las habilidades investigativas, lo cual contribuye de modo satisfactorio a la formación profesional. No obstante, resulta necesario promover acciones educativas que tributen a las operaciones menos dominadas y estimulen la inserción estudiantil en proyectos de investigación para la sistematización de estas habilidades (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: research skills are inserted in the training of the stomatology professional as one of the key dimensions of the training process. Objective: to evaluate the perception of students about the current state of development of research skills in the clinical cycle of the pre-graduate studies of Stomatology of the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out, involving 68 third to fifth year students, during the co a descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out, involving 68 third to fifth year students, during the completion of the 2018-2019 course. They were chosen through intentional sampling. A perception questionnaire was used for the mastering skills related to the management of scientific information, the design and execution of research, and oral health situation analysis. Results: the students recognized to master the ability of handling scientific information and oral health situation analysis. Less mastered actions were the collection of information and the design of a research project profile. The Student Science Day and the course work were the most widely used ways for scientific dissemination. External difficulties predominated, followed by difficulties associated with the own mastery of the ability to design and execute scientific research. Conclusion: the students in the clinical cycle of the pre-grade studies of Stomatology recognize having an adequate mastery of research skills, which contributes satisfactorily to professional training. However, it is necessary to promote educational actions that contribute to the less dominated operations and stimulate the insertion of students in research projects for the systematization of these skills (AU).

Influence of Pre-Harvest Bagging on the Incidence of Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and Fruit Quality in Mango.

Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is the main pest of mango, Mangifera indica L., in Spain, causing significant economic losses by aesthetic damage that reduce the commercial value of fruit. Bagging fruit with two commercial bags (a yellow satin paper and a white muslin cloth bag) was evaluated for control of A. tubercularis in two organic mango orchards during the 2020 cropping season in pursuit of the development of a mango IPM program to produce pest-free and residue-free fruits. Results from fruit damage evaluations at harvest showed that bagging significantly reduced pest incidence and fruit damage compared with non-bagged plots. Of the two bags evaluated, white muslin cloth bag provided higher levels of fruit protection from A. tubercularis damage, reducing the non-commercial fruit percentage by up to 93.42%. Fruit quality assessment indicated that weight and size of bagged fruit were significantly higher than the non-bagged. Paper-bagged mangoes showed higher whiteness and yellowness compared to the other treatments. Soluble solids content (ºBrix) was higher in paper-bagged fruit than all other treatment plots. The results from this study indicate that pre-harvest fruit bagging is effective at controlling A. tubercularis and should be integrated into an IPM program for Spanish mango production.

Vanadium oxides modify the expression levels of the p21, p53, and Cdc25C proteins in human lymphocytes treated in vitro.

In vitro assays have demonstrated that vanadium compounds interact with biological molecules similar to protein kinases and phosphatases and have also shown that vanadium oxides decrease the proliferation of cells, including human lymphocytes; however, the mechanism, the phase in which the cell cycle is delayed and the proteins involved in this process are unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of vanadium oxides (V2 O3 , V2 O4 and V2 O5 ) in human lymphocyte cultures (concentrations of 2, 4, 8, or 16 µg/ml) on cellular proliferation and the levels of the p53, p21 and Cdc25C proteins. After 24 h of treatment with the different concentrations of vanadium oxides, the cell cycle phases were determined by evaluating the DNA content using flow cytometry, and the levels of the p21, p53 and Cdc25C proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis. The results revealed that the DNA content remained unchanged in every phase of the cell cycle; however, only at high concentrations did protein levels increase. Although, according to previous reports, vanadium oxides induce a delay in proliferation, DNA analysis did not show this occurring in a specific cell cycle phase. Nevertheless, the increases in p53 protein levels may cause this delay.

Antigenotoxic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its relationship with the endogenous antioxidant system, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct repair (8-OHdG), and apoptosis in mice exposed to chromium(VI).

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between endogenous antioxidant system, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct (8-OHdG) repair, and apoptosis in mice treated with chromium(VI) alone and in the presence of the antigenotoxic compound (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Groups of 5 Hsd:ICR male mice were divided and treated as follows: (1) control, vehicle only; (2) EGCG, 8.5 mg/kg by gavage alone; (3) CrO3, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally alone; and (4) EGCG combined with CrO3, EGCG was administered 4 hr prior to CrO3. Peripheral blood parameters were analyzed before treatment administration (time 0), and 48 hr after exposure. The administration of EGCG increased 8-OHdG levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Treatment with CrO3 increased number of micronucleus (MN) presence, elevated apoptotic/necrotic cells frequencies, decreased 8-OHdG levels, diminished total antioxidant capacity (TAC), increased glutathione (GSH) total levels, and lowered SOD activity. Administration of EGCG prior to treatment with CrO3 resulted in lower concentrations of MN, reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell number, and restored TAC and SOD activity to control levels. It is conceivable that the dose of EGCG plays an important role in the genotoxic damage protection pathways. Thus, this study confirms the action of EGCG as an antigenotoxic agent against chromium(VI)-induced oxidative insults and demonstrates potential protective pathways for EGCG actions to counteract genotoxic damage induced by this metal.

Treatment and Impact of Cervical-Cancer-Related Lymphatic Disorders on Quality of Life and Sexuality Compared with Controls.

Background: Lymphatic disorders are frequent complications related to treatment for cervical cancer (CC). The aims of the study are to evaluate the impact of lymphatic disorders on quality of life (QOL) and sexuality in CC survivors after the completion of oncological treatment and to compare them with controls. Methods and Results: An ambispective cohort study was performed by using the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy (FACT)-Cervix (Cx) fourth version, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Twelve patients affected by lymphatic disorders comprised the study group, 251 comprised the CC control group, and 185 comprised the non-CC control group. Regarding QOL, there were no statistically significant differences between the lymphatic disorder-unaffected and non-CC control groups, except in the WHOQOL-BREF environment domain. A weak positive correlation between lymphatic disorder and FACT-Cx additional concerns (σ = 0.135) was observed. Regarding sexuality, a weak negative correlation was detected between lymphatic disorders and FSFI sexual satisfaction (σ = -0.200) and a weak positive correlation was observed between lymphatic disorders and FSFI dyspareunia (σ = 0.148). We did not observe statistically significant differences in QOL satisfaction between the lymphatic disorder-affected and non-CC control groups. Symptomatic controls reported significantly higher physical health scores than the lymphatic disorder-affected group (p < 0.05). Regarding the psychological domain, the asymptomatic controls obtained significantly higher scores than the lymphatic disorder-affected group (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Lymphatic disorders notably influenced the QOL of CC survivors compared with the non-CC control groups. Lymphatic disorders had a significant negative impact on physical and psychological health. Sexuality was scarcely affected by lymphatic disorders.

Incidence and univariate models for lymphatic drainage disorders following management for cervical cancer.

AIM: To clarify the incidence of lymphatic drainage disorders (LLD) after treatment for cervical cancer (CC) and to establish univariate models for their occurrence. METHODS: A total of 263 eligible patients with CC were identified between 2010 and 2019. We conducted a case-control study and divided the study population into two subsamples of 12 and 251 CC survivors based on the presence/absence of LLD, respectively. The cumulative incidence was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate models based on Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate associations between explanatory variables and LLD. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of LLD began at 3.3% after the 7-month follow-up, reaching a plateau of 21.2% between 130 and 250 months of follow-up. We detected correlation between LLD and number of removed para-aortic lymph nodes (r = -0.39), number of pelvic lymphadenopathies (r = 0.16), pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL) (r = 0.16), age at diagnosis of CC (r = -0.1) and primary surgery (r = 0.1). CONCLUSION: We observed a cumulative incidence of LLD of 21.2%, which is in accord with other retrospective studies. Number of removed para-aortic lymph nodes, number of pelvic lymphadenopathies, PL, age at diagnosis of CC and primary surgery were the most influential clinical factors associated with the occurrence of LLD in CC survivors.

Dependencia, cuidados y apoyos: términos complementarios aplicados a un caso con enfermedad vascular cerebral / Dependency, care and supports complementary terms applied to a case on cerebrovascular disease

Introducción: el incremento de la esperanza de vida, la mayor supervivencia de las personas con discapacidad y el crecimiento de las enfermedades crónicas elevan las cifras de personas en situación de dependencia. Esta transformación ha incrementado las necesidades de apoyo que van más allá de los servicios o programas formales y que requieren la incorporación de nuevas herramientas que permitan identificarlas. Desarrollo: se trata de la valoración de una persona en situación de dependencia a causa de una enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) con uso de la Escala de Intensidad de Apoyos (SIS). Los resultados muestran la pertinencia de incorporar al enfoque del cuidado de la enfermería un marco de evaluación que facilite la determinación de la frecuencia, tiempo y tipo de apoyo necesarios para el desarrollo de las actividades cotidianas, de tal modo que sea posible planificar de manera individualizada los apoyos requeridos para mejorar, mantener o recuperar la salud. Conclusiones: el modelo de intensidad de apoyos resultó de gran ayuda para evaluar la diferencia entre las capacidades/habilidades de la persona y los requerimientos/demandas que necesita para funcionar en su entorno; asimismo, permitió planificar el entorno y las adecuaciones ambientales, la cantidad de personas necesarias para el cuidado y el grado de capacitación para suministrar el cuidado previsto.

Introduction: The increase in life expectancy, the greater survival rate of people with disabilities and the growth of chronic diseases raise the numbers of people in situations of dependency. This transformation has increased support needs that go beyond formal services or programs and that require the incorporation of new tools to identify them. Development: This is the assessment of a person in a situation of dependency due to a cerebrovascular disease (EVC) using the Support Intensity Scale (SIS).The results show the pertinence of incorporating into the Nursing Care approach, an evaluation framework that facilitates the estimation of the frequency, time and type of support required for the development of daily activities, thus allowing the intensity to be individually planned of the supports required to improve, maintain or regain health. Conclusions: The support intensity model was of great help to evaluate the difference between the capacities / abilities of the person and the requirements / demands that he needs to function in his environment, as well as allowed to plan the environment and the environmental adaptations, the quantity of people required for care and the level of training needed to provide the intended care.

Gingivoestomatitis estreptocócica / Streptococcal gingivostomatitis

Introducción: La gingivoestomatitis estreptocócica es una inflamación aguda de las encías y mucosa bucal. Es una infección específica por estreptococo, poco frecuente. Objetivo: Valorar la correspondencia entre el diagnóstico presuntivo de la gingivoestomatitis estreptocócica, el diagnóstico etiológico y la evolución clínica de los pacientes tratados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el período comprendido de septiembre del año 2018 a abril del 2019, en el Hospital Militar "Manuel Fajardo". La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 13 pacientes de 15 a 24 años que acudieron a los servicios de urgencias estomatológicas, quienes fueron diagnosticados con gingivoestomatitis estreptocócica. Las variables estudiadas fueron, edad, sexo, características clínicas, síntomas, correspondencia entre el diagnóstico presuntivo, el etiológico y evolución de la enfermedad. Resultados: El 61,5 por ciento de los pacientes fueron del sexo masculino y la media de edad fue de 18,5 años, el sangramiento estuvo presente en la totalidad de los pacientes, el 92,3 por ciento presento úlceras, en el 76,9 por ciento la enfermedad estaba generalizada, entre los síntomas predominaron el dolor y la fiebre. El diagnóstico etiológico del estreptococo beta hemolítico fue del 84,6 por ciento. La evolución de la enfermedad con el tratamiento recibido fue satisfactoria en el 76,9 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Se observó alta correspondencia entre el diagnóstico presuntivo realizado en la consulta de urgencias y el diagnóstico etiológico de la gingivoestomatitis estreptocócica. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvo una evolución satisfactoria con el tratamiento(AU)

Introduction: Streptococcal gingivostomatitis is an acute inflammation of the gums and oral mucosa. It is a specific streptococcus infection with low frequency. Objective: To assess the correspondence between the presumptive diagnosis of streptococcal gingivostomatitis, the etiological diagnosis and the clinical evolution of the treated patients. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the period from September 2018 to April 2019, at the Hospital Militar "Manuel Fajardo Rivero". The study population consisted of 13 patients aged 15 to 24 who attended the stomatological emergency services who were diagnosed with streptococcal gingivostomatitis. The variables studied were, age, sex, clinical characteristics, symptoms, correspondence between presumptive diagnosis, etiological and disease evolution. Results: 61.5 percent of the patients were male and the average age was 18.5 years, bleeding was present in all patients, 92.3 percent had ulcers, in 76.9 percent the disease was widespread, pain and fever predominated among the symptoms. The etiological diagnosis of beta hemolytic streptococcus was 84.6 percent. The evolution of the disease with the treatment received was satisfactory in 76.9 percent of the patients. Conclusions: High correspondence was observed between the presumptive diagnosis made in the emergency department and the etiological diagnosis of streptococcal gingivostomatitis. The majority of the patients had a satisfactory evolution with the treatment(AU)