RESUMO
To study whether an 8-week mindfulness meditation training program truly reduces perceived stress without designing a stress reduction program. An experimental study was performed in which we studied the effects of 8 weeks of MM training on attention and awareness, as measured by the MAAS (mindfulness attention awareness scale) and perceived stress, as measured by the PSQ (perceived stress questionnaire), in 80 volunteers from the general public recruited by email from university centers. An increase in the individual's dispositional capacity to be attentive and aware of the experience of the present moment in everyday life was observed in the experimental group versus the control group; F (2, 156) = 14.30, p = .000, η2 partial = .155. Perceived stress showed no significant differences between groups in: social acceptance; F (2, 156) = 2.30, p = .103, overload; F (2, 156) = 2.32, p = .101, irritability, tension and fatigue; F (2, 156) = 2.27, p = .106, energy and joy; F (2, 156) = 2.79, p = .065. MM practice for 8 weeks of training increases the individual's dispositional capacity to be attentive and aware of the experience of the present moment in everyday life but may not reduce perceived stress.
Assuntos
Meditação , Atenção Plena , Atenção , Humanos , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Los autores revisan los estudios sobre Acoso Psicológico en el Trabajo APT (mobbing o adult bullying) realizados en el Instituto de Psicoterapia e Investigación Psicosomática de Madrid en los últimos 6 años, que incluyen la descripción del Síndrome de Acoso Institucional, la elaboración del LIPT-60, versión expandida y mejorada del Leymann Inventory ofPsychological Terrorization, la determinación del perfil de psicopatología de las víctimas de APT con el SCL90R y de sus relaciones con las dinámicas de acoso y la puesta a punto de un procedimiento terapéutico especifico. Los afectados de acoso en el trabajo presentan psicopatologia significativa, con elevaciones en el total de síntomas y en las dimensiones de somatización, depresión, obsesión-compulsión, hostilidad e ideación paranoide con respecto a la media de la población psiquiátrica. La proporción de solteros en la muestra de APT es notablemente más elevada que en la población general. El nivel socioeconómico correlaciona de manera inversa con el grado de afectación psicopatológica. La relación inversa entre las dimensiones psicopatológicas de ideación paranoide y de sensibilidad interpersonal sugiere que las estrategias de acoso psicológico en el trabajo tienen un efecto paranógeno, independiente de la susceptibilidad interpersonal o de la tendencia a interpretar de manera negativa las actuaciones ajenas (AU)
The authors review their studies on workplace harassment (WPH), mobbing or adult bullying carried out in the Madrid Institute of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Research over the last 6 years. These studies include the description of the Institutional HarassmentSyndrome, the development of the LIPT-60 (an extended and improved version of the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization), the assessment of the psychopathological profile of WPH targets through the SCL90R and their relations with the profile of harassment dimensions, and the development of a specific therapeutic procedure. WPH targets show severe psychopathology on the SCL90R, higher than ambulatory psychiatric patients in the dimensions of somatization, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, hostility and paranoid ideation. Within the same age range, the frequency of single persons is notably higher among WPH victims than in the general population. The socioeconomic level is negatively related with the severity of psychopathology. The dimensions of interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation show negative correlations, which supports our hypothesis of the paranogenic effect of WPH independently from interpersonal susceptibility and from the tendency to attribute negative interpretations to other peoples behaviour (AU)
