Efectos de la rehabilitación pulmonar en la capacidad funcional y calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa con y sin uso de oxígeno domiciliario / Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity and quality of life in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease with and without use of home oxygen

Introducción La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa (EPID) es un grupo de enfermedades que causan un trastorno de la capacidad aeróbica y calidad de vida, además ocasionan una gran tasa de morbimortalidad para esta población. El uso de oxigenoterapia domiciliaria tiene beneficios que aún no se comparan en programas de rehabilitación pulmonar. Objetivo Determinar los efectos de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar en la capacidad funcional y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa con y sin uso de oxígeno domiciliario. Materiales y métodos Estudio cuasiexperimental en el que todos los pacientes, por conveniencia, firmaron el consentimiento informado. Se dividieron en 2 grupos: con y sin oxígeno domiciliario, evaluados antes y después de la rehabilitación pulmonar en variables clínicas, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida. Resultados Se vincularon 31 pacientes que se dividieron en 2 grupos con oxígeno y sin oxígeno domiciliario, la mayor participación fue de hombres, edad promedio de 56 años, y se obtuvo que la mayoría había acudido a urgencias. Ambos grupos presentaron mejorías en la distancia recorrida y en la ansiedad: valor-p<0,05. La calidad de vida presentó mejorías significativas por dominio en ambos grupos: valor-p<0,05. Conclusión El grupo de EPID con uso de oxígeno domiciliario presenta mayores cambios en la capacidad funcional. En cuanto a la calidad de vida el grupo EPID sin uso de oxígeno domiciliario mejoró significativamente el dominio actividades del SGRQ, y el grupo EPID con uso de oxígeno domiciliario presentó mejoría en los dominios síntomas e impacto (AU)

Introduction Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Disease is a group of diseases that cause a disorder of aerobic capacity and quality of life, also cause a high rate of morbidity and mortality for this population. The use of home oxygen therapy has benefits that have not yet been compared in pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Objective To determine the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on functional capacity and health-related quality of life in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease with and without the use of home oxygen. Materials and methods Quasi-experimental study, all patients for convenience who signed the informed consent. They were divided into two groups: with and without home oxygen, evaluated before and after pulmonary rehabilitation in clinical variables, functional capacity and quality of life. Results 31 patients were linked, divided into two groups with oxygen and without home oxygen, the largest participation was men, average age 56 years, it was obtained that the majority had gone to the emergency room. Both groups presented improvements in the distance traveled and in anxiety p-value≤0.05. The quality of life presented significant improvements by domain in both groups p-value≤0.05. Conclusion The ILD group with home oxygen use presents greater changes in functional capacity. Regarding quality of life, the ILD group without home oxygen use significantly improved the activities domain of the SGRQ and the ILD group with home oxygen use showed improvement in the symptoms and impact domains (AU)

Microhemorragias cerebrales. Utilidad de las secuencias de susceptibilidad magnética (SWI) / Cerebral microbleeds. Utility of SWI sequences

Objetivo: Definir el concepto de microhemorragia cerebral y revisar las secuencias de resonancia magnética (RM) utilizadas para su valoración. Revisar cuáles son las patologías que presentan microhemorragias y que pueden beneficiarse del uso de secuencias de susceptibilidad magnética (SWI). Conclusión: Las SWI son útiles en la detección y caracterización de microhemorragias, venas y otras fuentes de susceptibilidad. La secuencia SWI mejora la sensibilidad diagnóstica con respecto a las secuencias convencionales potenciadas en T2* (eco de gradiente T2* [2D-GRE]). Las microhemorragias cerebrales pueden asociarse a diversas enfermedades, aparecer en contextos clínicos menos conocidos o servir como biomarcador tumoral en gliomas (ITTS) y como marcador de actividad inflamatoria en las placas de esclerosis múltiple (EM).(AU)

Objectives: Define the concept of cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and describe the most useful MRI sequences for detecting this finding. Review the entities that most frequently present with CMB and that may benefit from the use of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequences. Conclusions: SWI is a useful MRI sequence for the detection and characterization of microhemorrhages, venous structures and other sources of susceptibility in imaging. SWI is particularly sensitive to local magnetic field inhomogeneities generated by certain substances and is superior to T2* GRE sequences for this assessment. CMB may be seen in different neurologic conditions, in certain infrequent clinical contexts and have a key role as a biomarker status in gliomas (ITTS) and as a marker of inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis.(AU)

Cerebral microbleeds. Utility of SWI sequences.

OBJECTIVES: Define the concept of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and describe the most useful MRI sequences for detecting this finding. Review the entities that most frequently present with CMBs and that may benefit from the use of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequences. CONCLUSIONS: SWI is a useful MRI sequence for the detection and characterization of microhemorrhages, venous structures and other sources of susceptibility in imaging. SWI is particularly sensitive to local magnetic field inhomogeneities generated by certain substances and is superior to T2* GRE sequences for this assessment. CMBs may be seen in different neurologic conditions, in certain infrequent clinical contexts and have a key role as a biomarker status in gliomas (ITTS) and as a marker of inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis.

Extrauterine leiomyomatosis, the great mimicker.

OBJECTIVES: Describe the radiographic features of the different forms of extrauterine leiomyomatosis. CONCLUSIONS: Leiomyomas with a rare growth pattern occur most often in women of reproductive age and with a history of hysterectomy. Extrauterine leiomyomas present a greater diagnostic challenge because they may mimic malignancies, and serious diagnostic errors may result.

Leiomiomatosis extrauterina, la gran simuladora / Extrauterine leiomyomatosis, the great mimicker

Objetivos: Definir el concepto de leiomiomatosis extrauterina y describir sus formas de aparición. Realizar una revisión de los hallazgos radiológicos de los distintos tipos de leiomiomatosis extrauterina a partir de casos de nuestro centro. Conclusiones: La leiomiomatosis extrauterina es una entidad rara, típica de mujeres premenopáusicas histerectomizadas. Conocer los hallazgos radiológicos de esta patología permite incluirla en el diagnóstico diferencial de una masa pélvica, una enfermedad peritoneal o una invasión vascular de aspecto tumoral.(AU)

Objectives Describe the radiographic features of the different forms of extrauterine leiomyomatosis. Conclusions: Leiomyomas with a rare growth pattern occur most often in women of reproductive age and with a history of hysterectomy. Extrauterine leiomyomas present a greater diagnostic challenge because they may mimic malignancies, and serious diagnostic errors may result.(AU)

Diferencias entre pacientes con EPOC no adherentes y adherentes al tratamiento farmacológico según la GOLD 2018 en variables clínicas, los índices CODEX, COTE y BODE / Differences in clinical variables, and CODEX, COTE and BODE indices between patients with COPD non-adherent and adherent to the pharmacological treatment according to GOLD 2018

Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), se caracteriza por la limitación al flujo aéreo crónica que genera síntomas como disnea, tos y sibilancias. La GOLD 2018 plantea estrategias de tratamiento farmacológico. Sin embargo, la adherencia es baja. Las diferencias entre pacientes adherentes y no adherentes no están claramente establecidas, debido a que podría existir una relación inversa entre la adherencia y las exacerbaciones. Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias entre pacientes adherentes y no adherentes al tratamiento farmacológico propuesto por la GOLD 2018 en variables clínicas, índices CODEX, COTE y BODE. Métodos: Estudio de tipo transversal, se incluyeron 126 pacientes con diagnóstico de EPOC entre enero y septiembre de 2018. Divididos en dos grupos: adherentes (EPOC-A) y no adherentes (EPOC-NA) teniendo en cuenta el tratamiento farmacológico de la GOLD 2018. Resultados: Setenta y nueve pacientes (EPOC-NA) y 50 (EPOC-A), el 61% pertenecían al género masculino y el 39% restante al género femenino. La edad promedio fue de 70,62 ± (8,290), la evaluación de aspectos de la GOLD, la mayoría de los pacientes adherentes pertenecen al grupo D y los no adherentes al grupo B; obteniéndose un valor p=0,004. En cuanto a los días hospitalizados, los pacientes adherentes permanecieron más días hospitalizados con una media de 11,32 ± (13,39) respecto a los no adherentes que tenían menos días 7,68 ± (13,13); valor p=0,031. Conclusión: Los pacientes adherentes al tratamiento farmacológico de la GOLD 2018 visitan más urgencias y presentan mayor número de exacerbaciones, lo cual se refleja en un aumento en la probabilidad de muerte

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the chronic limitation of airflow that generates symptoms such as dyspnoea, coughing, and wheezing. The GOLD 2018 proposes pharmacological treatment strategies. However, adherence is low. The differences between adherent and non-adherent patients are not clearly established, although there could be an inverse relationship between adherence and exacerbations. Objective: To determine the differences between adherent and non-adherent patients to the pharmacological treatment proposed by GOLD 2018 in clinical variables, as well as the CODEX, COTE, and BODE indices. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 126 patients diagnosed with COPD between January and September 2018. They were divided into two groups: adherent (COPD-A) and non-adherent (COPD-NA), taking into account the pharmacological treatment of GOLD 2018. Results: The groups included 79 patients inCOPD-NA, and 50 in COPD-A), of which 61% were males and 39% females. The mean age was 70.62 ± (8.29. The majority of adherent patients belonged to GOLD group D, and the non-adherent to GOLD group B (P=.004). As regards days hospitalised, the adherent patients spent more days in hospital, with a mean of 11.32 ± (13.39) days, compared to non-adherent patients with fewer days 7.68 ± (13.13); P =.031. Conclusion: Patients adhering to the pharmacological treatment of GOLD 2018 make more emergency department visits and present with a greater number of exacerbations, and is reflected in an increase in the probability of mortality

Subaerial biofilms on granitic historic buildings: microbial diversity and development of phototrophic multi-species cultures.

Microbial communities of natural subaerial biofilms developed on granitic historic buildings of a World Heritage Site (Santiago de Compostela, NW Spain) were characterized and cultured in liquid BG11 medium. Environmental barcoding through next-generation sequencing (Pacific Biosciences) revealed that the biofilms were mainly composed of species of Chlorophyta (green algae) and Ascomycota (fungi) commonly associated with rock substrata. Richness and diversity were higher for the fungal than for the algal assemblages and fungi showed higher heterogeneity among samples. Cultures derived from natural biofilms showed the establishment of stable microbial communities mainly composed of Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. Although most taxa found in these cultures were not common in the original biofilms, they are likely common pioneer colonizers of building stone surfaces, including granite. Stable phototrophic multi-species cultures of known microbial diversity were thus obtained and their reliability to emulate natural colonization on granite should be confirmed in further experiments.

Aortic valvular heart disease in adults

Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) is an important cardiovascular problem in the adult population. The knowledge of the physiology involved, prompt recognition and diagnosis are of paramount importance for the primary care physician who is in the front line of patient care. This article is the second of a series of two that deals with valvular problems in the adults in concise and practical form (11). Each topic will be presented using the following format: description, etiology, pathophysiology, natural history, essential of diagnosis and management. In this second and final article we will discuss aortic valve disorders.

Mitral valvular heart disease in the adults

Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) is an important cardiovascular problem in the adult population. The knowledge of the physiology involved, prompt recognition and diagnosis are of paramount importance for the primary care physician who is in the front line of patient care. This article is the first of a series of two that will discuss valvular problems in the adults in concise and practical form. Each topic will be presented using the following format: description, etiology, pathophysiology, natural history, essential of diagnosis and management. In this first article we will discuss mitral valve disorders including mitral valve prolapse (MVP)