Alcohol binge drinking induces downregulation of blood-brain barrier proteins in the rat frontal cortex -but not in the hippocampus- that is not prevented by OEA pretreatment.

Alcohol binge drinking promotes neuroinflammation which could be partially mediated by the passage of ABD-induced peripheral inflammatory molecules to the brain parenchyma through the blood-brain barrier. The BBB is sealed by tight junction proteins, which regulate the access of substances to the brain. Whether ABD alters the BBB or not remains controversial. Here, we measured the expression of BBB proteins in frontal cortex and hippocampus after an ABD procedure that was previously shown to induce neuroinflammation in the FC, and checked neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Oleoylethanolamide is known to inhibit ABD-induced neuroinflammation in rat FC but the mechanisms of action are not clear: whereas OEA protects against alcohol-induced breakdown of the TJ proteins in the gut barrier reducing peripheral inflammation, its effect in the TJ of the BBB remains unknown. Here, we studied whether OEA (5 mg/kg, before each gavage) prevented alcohol-induced BBB dysfunction by measuring the expression of zona-occludens, occludin, and laminin in FC and hippocampus. ABD animals showed reduced laminin and occludin levels in the FC, indicative of BBB dysfunction, which is concordant with previous findings showing ABD-induced neuroinflammation in this brain region. OEA did not prevent ABD-induced changes in the BBB proteins in the FC, suggesting that the OEA main mechanism of action to inhibit neuroinflammation in this brain region is not related to prevention of TJ proteins alteration in the BBB. In the hippocampus, this ABD protocol did not alter BBB protein levels and no markers of neuroinflammation were found elevated.

Effects of Alcohol Binge Drinking and Oleoylethanolamide Pretreatment in the Gut Microbiota.

Introduction: Chronic alcohol consumption is known to cause gut dysbiosis (changes in microbiota composition and/or function, disruptive of the normal host-microbiota interactions). However, little is known about the changes that alcohol binge drinking induces in the gut microbiota. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that a protocol of alcohol binge drinking, known to induce neuroinflammation in previous studies, also promotes intestinal dysbiosis, and we explored how oleoylethanolamide (OEA, an acylethanolamide proven to counteract alcohol binge drinking-induced neuroinflammation) pretreatment modulates alcohol-induced dysbiosis. Methods: Alcohol binges were forced by gavage three times per day during 4 consecutive days; OEA pretreatment (intraperitoneal or intragastric) was administered before each alcohol gavage. Stool microbiota composition was assessed by next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing, prior and after the 4-day alcohol binge protocol. Results: Alcohol binge drinking reduced the richness of the gut microbiota and changed the microbial community, reducing Lactobacillus among other genera. Pretreatment with OEA in the alcohol-administered rats decreased the richness, evenness, and Shannon indices to a greater extent with respect to alcohol alone, also changing the community structure. Microbial interactions in the association network were further decreased following OEA administration in the alcohol group, with respect to the water administration. The synergistic interaction between alcohol binge and OEA was affected by the route of administration of OEA, since oral and i.p. administrations differently changed the community structure. Conclusion: Results suggest that alcohol binge drinking produces a clear dysbiosis in animals; we observed that the well-known protective actions of OEA in the context of alcohol abuse might not be related to OEA-induced changes in alcohol-induced dysbiosis. These are observational results, and thus, further research will be needed for a complete understanding of the biological significance of the observed changes.

Microbiota and Alcohol Use Disorder: Are Psychobiotics a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?

In recent years, there has been an exciting focus of research attempting to understand neuropsychiatric disorders from a holistic perspective in order to determine the role of gut microbiota in the aetiology and pathogenesis of such disorders. Thus, the possible therapeutic benefits of targeting gut microbiota are being explored for conditions such as stress, depression or schizophrenia. Growing evidence indicates that there is bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the brain that has an effect on normal CNS functioning and behavioural responses. Alcohol abuse damages the gastrointestinal tract, alters gut microbiota and induces neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. The relationship between alcohol abuse and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, inflammation and immune regulation has been well documented. In this review, we explore the connection between microbiota, brain function and behaviour, as well as the mechanisms through which alcohol induces microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Finally, we propose the study of psychobiotics as a novel pharmaceutical strategy to treat alcohol use disorders.

Increased plasma oleoylethanolamide and palmitoleoylethanolamide levels correlate with inflammatory changes in alcohol binge drinkers: the case of HMGB1 in women.

Alcohol binge drinking is a heavy pattern of alcohol consumption increasingly used by young people. In a previous study, we reported that young drinkers with a 2-year history of binge alcohol consumption had an overactivation of the innate immune system and peripheral inflammation when compared with controls. In the present study, we measured several biolipids that are fatty acid derivatives belonging to the acylethanolamide or 2-acylglycerol families in the plasma of the same subjects (n = 42; 20 men and 22 women). We found that during abstinence, alcohol binge drinkers had elevated plasma levels of oleoylethanolamide, palmitoleoylethanolamide, arachidonoylethanolamide, dihomo-γ-linolenoyl ethanolamide and linoleoyl ethanolamide, which positively correlated with changes in the mRNA expression of key inflammatory markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, such as toll-like receptors (TLR4), pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, plasma oleoylethanolamide positively correlated with plasma levels of high mobility group box-1, which is a danger-associated molecular pattern and an endogenous TLR4 agonist, specifically in female alcohol binge drinkers. No changes were observed in 2-acylglycerols in alcohol binge drinkers, although sex-related differences in these bioactive lipids as well as in palmitoleoylethanolamide and docosatetraenoylethanolamide levels were detected. These results extend the previous clinical findings observed in patients diagnosed with long-term alcohol use disorder to young users and suggest a prominent role for these lipids in the response to acute alcohol exposure.

Artrogriposis: a propósito de un caso

El Síndrome de Artrogriposis incluye las deformidades músculo-esqueléticas que se originan en el período prenatal poco frecuente en la práctica médica, menos probable que se presente en articulaciones aisladas y no asociadas a otras malformaciones. Por la importancia del tema, se presenta un caso de recién nacida del sexo femenino con el Síndrome de Artrogriposis (AU)

Arthrogryposis Syndrome includes musculoskeletal deformities that originate in the prenatal period, it is rare in medical practice, less likely to be presented in isolated articulations and not associated with other malformations. Given the importance of the topic, a case of a newborn female with arthrogryposis syndrome is presented (AU)

Plan de accion para elevar conocimientos sobre embarazo y sus riesgos en adolescentes atendidas en el Hogar Materno Carlos J. Finlay / Plan of accion to elevate knowledge about pregnancy and their risks in pregnant adolescents assisted in the Maternal House Carlos J. Finlay

Introducción: el embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud mundial. Objetivo: determinar los conocimientos sobre embarazo en la adolescencia y sus riesgos en adolescentes embarazadas atendidas en el Hogar Materno Carlos J. Finlay. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal con 86 adolescentes embarazadas entre 10 y 19 años, atendidas en el Hogar Materno Carlos J. Finlay en el período comprendido de diciembre del 2007 al 2010. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de las pacientes, se aplicó un cuestionario y se analizaron las variables.Resultados: la incidencia del embarazo en la adolescencia fue alta, prevaleció la adolescencia tardía; entre los factores de riesgos biológicos y psicosociales que agravan el embarazo fueron el estado nutricional deficiente seguido del peso menor de 45Kg o talla menor de 1.45 cm, en su gran mayoría se encontraban solteras y aún estudiando. Respecto a la edad de las primeras relaciones sexuales refirieron haberlas tenido entre los 14 y 16 años y tenían antecedentes obstétricos. Se observó que no tenían orientación sexual y el personal de la salud, junto a sus padres, no tenía un papel fundamental. El conocimiento sobre los riesgos biológicos, psicológicos y socioeconómicos era pobre. Conclusiones: el poco conocimiento sobre el embarazo en la adolescencia y sus riesgos es resultado de las características socioeconómicas y el origen de la orientación sexual que poseen. Recomendaciones: crear instrumentos y estrategias que den su aporte a la disminución de la incidencia mundial del embarazo en la adolescencia(AU)

Introduction: pregnancy in the adolescence is a health problem all over the world. Objective: to determine the knowledge on pregnancy in the adolescence and their risks in the pregnant adolescents assisted in the maternal house Carlos J Finlay. Material and Methods: it was carried out a cross section descriptive study, with 86 pregnant adolescents among 10 and 19 years old assisted in the maternal house Carlos J Finlay between December 2007 and 2010. The clinical histories of the patients were revised, a questionnaire was applied and the variables were analyzed. Results: the incidence of the pregnancy in the adolescence was high, prevailing the late adolescence, the biological and psychosocial risks factors that increase pregnancy were the poor nutritional state, weight below 45Kg or size below 1.45 cm, the majority of them were single and still studying. About the age the first sexual relationships they referred to have them before 14 to 16 years old and they had obstetrics antecedents. It was observed that they didn't have sexual orientation and that the health care personnel and their parents didn't play a fundamental role. The knowledge about the biological, psychological and socioeconomic risks was poor. Conclusions: the poor knowledge on the pregnancy in the adolescence and its risks is a result of the socioeconomic characteristics and their poor sexual orientation. Recommendations: to create instruments and strategies that gives their contribution to the decrease the world incidence of pregnancy in the adolescence(AU)

Plan de accion para elevar conocimientos sobre embarazo y sus riesgos en adolescentes atendidas en el Hogar Materno Carlos J. Finlay / Plan of accion to elevate knowledge about pregnancy and their risks in pregnant adolescents assisted in the Maternal House Carlos J. Finlay

Introducción: el embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud mundial. Objetivo: determinar los conocimientos sobre embarazo en la adolescencia y sus riesgos en adolescentes embarazadas atendidas en el Hogar Materno Carlos J. Finlay. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal con 86 adolescentes embarazadas entre 10 y 19 años, atendidas en el Hogar Materno Carlos J. Finlay en el período comprendido de diciembre del 2007 al 2010. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de las pacientes, se aplicó un cuestionario y se analizaron las variables. Resultados: la incidencia del embarazo en la adolescencia fue alta, prevaleció la adolescencia tardía; entre los factores de riesgos biológicos y psicosociales que agravan el embarazo fueron el estado nutricional deficiente seguido del peso menor de 45Kg o talla menor de 1.45 cm, en su gran mayoría se encontraban solteras y aún estudiando. Respecto a la edad de las primeras relaciones sexuales refirieron haberlas tenido entre los 14 y 16 años y tenían antecedentes obstétricos. Se observó que no tenían orientación sexual y el personal de la salud, junto a sus padres, no tenía un papel fundamental. El conocimiento sobre los riesgos biológicos, psicológicos y socioeconómicos era pobre. Conclusiones: el poco conocimiento sobre el embarazo en la adolescencia y sus riesgos es resultado de las características socioeconómicas y el origen de la orientación sexual que poseen. Recomendaciones: crear instrumentos y estrategias que den su aporte a la disminución de la incidencia mundial del embarazo en la adolescencia.

Introduction: pregnancy in the adolescence is a health problem all over the world. Objective: to determine the knowledge on pregnancy in the adolescence and their risks in the pregnant adolescents assisted in the maternal house Carlos J Finlay. Material and Methods: it was carried out a cross section descriptive study, with 86 pregnant adolescents among 10 and 19 years old assisted in the maternal house Carlos J Finlay between December 2007 and 2010. The clinical histories of the patients were revised, a questionnaire was applied and the variables were analyzed. Results: the incidence of the pregnancy in the adolescence was high, prevailing the late adolescence, the biological and psychosocial risks factors that increase pregnancy were the poor nutritional state, weight below 45Kg or size below 1.45 cm, the majority of them were single and still studying. About the age the first sexual relationships they referred to have them before 14 to 16 years old and they had obstetrics antecedents. It was observed that they didn't have sexual orientation and that the health care personnel and their parents didn't play a fundamental role. The knowledge about the biological, psychological and socioeconomic risks was poor. Conclusions: the poor knowledge on the pregnancy in the adolescence and its risks is a result of the socioeconomic characteristics and their poor sexual orientation. Recommendations: to create instruments and strategies that gives their contribution to the decrease the world incidence of pregnancy in the adolescence.

Factores predisponentes de embarazo en adolescentes de nuevo turumo. Venezuela. 2007- 2008 / Predisponent factors of pregnancy in adolescents of nuevo turumo. Venezuela. 2007-2008

Introducción: el embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud mundial. En el mundo existen más de mil millones de adolescentes que aportan anualmente 15 millones de partos y de ellos 80% son pertenecientes a países en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: identificar factores predisponentes de embarazo en adolescentes de Nuevo Turumo, Venezuela desde agosto de 2007 a agosto de 2008. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 32 embarazadas adolescentes de Nuevo Turumo desde agosto de 2007 a agosto de 2008 seleccionadas según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos (análisis, síntesis e histórico lógico) y empíricos (entrevista directa). Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS 11.5 y se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y relativas.Resultados: predominaron las embarazadas en la adolescencia tardía; las adolescentes casadas sobre las solteras; la escolaridad correspondió a la secundaria terminada y sin terminar; la menarquia en la adolescencia temprana, inicio de las relaciones sexuales en la adolescencia media; pocos conocimientos y utilización de los métodos anticonceptivos, no vinculación al trabajo. Acceso a los medios de comunicación y tiempo libre dedicado mayormente a la televisión e Internet.Conclusiones: los factores predisponentes de embarazo en las adolescentes de Nuevo Turumo fueron: predominio de secundaria básica terminada como nivel escolar; presencia de la menarquia en la adolescencia temprana; inicio de las relaciones sexuales en la adolescencia media; pocos conocimientos y utilización de los métodos anticonceptivos; no vinculación al trabajo y acceso a los medios de comunicación y tiempo libre, dedicado mayormente a la televisión e Internet(AU)

Introduction: the pregnancy in the adolescence is a problem of worldwide health. In the world exists more than a thousand millions teen that contribute annually 15 millions of childbirths and of them 80% are from developing countries. Objective: to identify predisponent factors of pregnancy in adolescents of Nuevo Turumo, Venezuela since August 2007 to August 2008. Material and Methods: a descriptive cross section study was accomplished with 32 pregnant adolescents of Nuevo Turumo since August 2007 to August 2008, selected according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Theory's methods (analysis, synthesis and historical logical) and empiric methods (direct interview) were used. To the analysis of the results the statistical package 11.5 was used and the statistic graphs owner to the descriptive statistic (absolute frequency) and measure of resume for qualities variable, in this case the percent. Results: predominate overdue adolescence, the married woman over single woman, scholarship corresponded to the secondary school finished and unfinished, the first menstruation in the premature adolescence, start of sexual relations in the halfway adolescence. Few knowledge and less utilization of contraceptive methods, no linkage to the work. The access to the means of communications and free time dedicated largely to the television and Internet. Conclusions: predisposition factors in Nuevo Turumo adolescent pregnant were: Basic College ended like educational level; menarche presented in the early adolescence; beginning of sexual relation in meddle adolescence; poor knowledge and use of contraceptive and most of the free time is used in internet and see television(AU)

Factores predisponentes de embarazo en adolescentes de nuevo turumo. Venezuela. 2007- 2008 / Predisponent factors of pregnancy in adolescents of nuevo turumo. Venezuela. 2007-2008

Introducción: el embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud mundial. En el mundo existen más de mil millones de adolescentes que aportan anualmente 15 millones de partos y de ellos 80% son pertenecientes a países en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: identificar factores predisponentes de embarazo en adolescentes de Nuevo Turumo, Venezuela desde agosto de 2007 a agosto de 2008. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 32 embarazadas adolescentes de Nuevo Turumo desde agosto de 2007 a agosto de 2008 seleccionadas según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos (análisis, síntesis e histórico lógico) y empíricos (entrevista directa). Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS 11.5 y se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: predominaron las embarazadas en la adolescencia tardía; las adolescentes casadas sobre las solteras; la escolaridad correspondió a la secundaria terminada y sin terminar; la menarquia en la adolescencia temprana, inicio de las relaciones sexuales en la adolescencia media; pocos conocimientos y utilización de los métodos anticonceptivos, no vinculación al trabajo. Acceso a los medios de comunicación y tiempo libre dedicado mayormente a la televisión e Internet. Conclusiones: los factores predisponentes de embarazo en las adolescentes de Nuevo Turumo fueron: predominio de secundaria básica terminada como nivel escolar; presencia de la menarquia en la adolescencia temprana; inicio de las relaciones sexuales en la adolescencia media; pocos conocimientos y utilización de los métodos anticonceptivos; no vinculación al trabajo y acceso a los medios de comunicación y tiempo libre, dedicado mayormente a la televisión e Internet.

Introduction: the pregnancy in the adolescence is a problem of worldwide health. In the world exists more than a thousand millions teen that contribute annually 15 millions of childbirths and of them 80% are from developing countries. Objective: to identify predisponent factors of pregnancy in adolescents of Nuevo Turumo, Venezuela since August 2007 to August 2008. Material and Methods: a descriptive cross section study was accomplished with 32 pregnant adolescents of Nuevo Turumo since August 2007 to August 2008, selected according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Theory's methods (analysis, synthesis and historical logical) and empiric methods (direct interview) were used. To the analysis of the results the statistical package 11.5 was used and the statistic graphs owner to the descriptive statistic (absolute frequency) and measure of resume for qualities variable, in this case the percent. Results: predominate overdue adolescence, the married woman over single woman, scholarship corresponded to the secondary school finished and unfinished, the first menstruation in the premature adolescence, start of sexual relations in the halfway adolescence. Few knowledge and less utilization of contraceptive methods, no linkage to the work. The access to the means of communications and free time dedicated largely to the television and Internet. Conclusions: predisposition factors in Nuevo Turumo adolescent pregnant were: Basic College ended like educational level; menarche presented in the early adolescence; beginning of sexual relation in meddle adolescence; poor knowledge and use of contraceptive and most of the free time is used in internet and see television.

Conocimientos de los factores de riesgo sobre cáncer de mama en Puerto La Cruz, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela / Knowledge of the risk factors more about breast cancer in puerto la cruz, state of Anzoátegui Venezuela

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es un problema de salud en el mundo; en Venezuela, ocupa la segunda causa de muerte en la población femenina. Objetivo: determinar el conocimiento sobre cáncer de mama. Pacientes y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal con 1 525 mujeres entre 25 y 64 años que acudieron a la consulta de Barrio Adentro I, del Municipio Puerto La Cruz, Estado Anzoátegui, en el período comprendido entre julio del 2005-julio 2006. Resultados: las variables fueron analizadas predominando el nivel educacional primario y como ocupación ama de casa. El conocimiento acerca de los factores de riesgo para el cáncer de mama fue muy pobre. No conocen el procedimiento para efectuarse el autoexamen de mama; sin embargo, refieren que su examen sirve para prevenir el cáncer mamario. Acuden a consulta solo cuando tienen algún síntoma, a pesar de que nunca realizan un control médico. Refieren que el control frecuente de las mamas es importante. Las fuentes de información para el conocimiento del cáncer de mama fueron los vecinos y/o familiares y no así el personal de salud. Conclusiones: la falta de conocimiento acerca del cáncer de mama pudiera estar en relación con la dificultad para la identificación de los factores de riesgo y la pobre asistencia a la consulta de control médico. Recomendaciones: diseñar e implementar un plan de acción, evaluando este para que brinde su aporte al aumento del conocimiento de la enfermedad en estudio.

Introduction: breast cancer is a main health problem in the world, as in Venezuela, holding the second death cause in female population. Objective: to determine actual knowledge about breast cancer. Patients and Methods : a descriptive work was carried out with 1525 women in the age range from 25 to 64, who attended our Barrio Adentro doctor´s office in Puerto La Cruz, state of Anzoátegui, from July 2005 to July 2006. Results: variables were analyzed: elementary school educational level and housewives prevailed. Knowledge about risk factors for breast cancer was poor. They didn't know the self-examination procedure. Nevertheless they knew that test is for breast cancer prevention. Turned to practice only when symptoms appear, even though didn't make a medical control. They said that breast frequent control is important. Information sources for breast cancer knowledge were relatives and/or neighbors and not healthcare personal. Conclusions: lack of knowledge about breast cancer could be related to difficult identification of risk factors and low attendance to medical control practice. Recommendations: to design and set up an action plan, evaluate it, in order to contribute the studied disease knowledge increase.

Conocimientos de los factores de riesgo sobre cáncer de mama en Puerto La Cruz, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela / Knowledge of the risk factors more about breast cancer in puerto la cruz, state of Anzoátegui. Venezuela

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es un problema de salud en el mundo; en Venezuela, ocupa la segunda causa de muerte en la población femenina. Objetivo: determinar el conocimiento sobre cáncer de mama. Pacientes y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal con 1 525 mujeres entre 25 y 64 años que acudieron a la consulta de Barrio Adentro I, del Municipio Puerto La Cruz, Estado Anzoátegui, en el período comprendido entre julio del 2005-julio 2006. Resultados: las variables fueron analizadas predominando el nivel educacional primario y como ocupación ama de casa. El conocimiento acerca de los factores de riesgo para el cáncer de mama fue muy pobre. No conocen el procedimiento para efectuarse el autoexamen de mama; sin embargo, refieren que su examen sirve para prevenir el cáncer mamario. Acuden a consulta solo cuando tienen algún síntoma, a pesar de que nunca realizan un control médico. Refieren que el control frecuente de las mamas es importante. Las fuentes de información para el conocimiento del cáncer de mama fueron los vecinos y/o familiares y no así el personal de salud. Conclusiones: la falta de conocimiento acerca del cáncer de mama pudiera estar en relación con la dificultad para la identificación de los factores de riesgo y la pobre asistencia a la consulta de control médico. Recomendaciones: diseñar e implementar un plan de acción, evaluando este para que brinde su aporte al aumento del conocimiento de la enfermedad en estudio(AU)

Introduction: breast cancer is a main health problem in the world, as in Venezuela, holding the second death cause in female population. Objective: to determine actual knowledge about breast cancer. Patients and Methods : a descriptive work was carried out with 1525 women in the age range from 25 to 64, who attended our Barrio Adentro doctor´s office in Puerto La Cruz, state of Anzoßtegui, from July 2005 to July 2006. Results: variables were analyzed: elementary school educational level and housewives prevailed. Knowledge about risk factors for breast cancer was poor. They didn't know the self-examination procedure. Nevertheless they knew that test is for breast cancer prevention. Turned to practice only when symptoms appear, even though didn't make a medical control. They said that breast frequent control is important. Information sources for breast cancer knowledge were relatives and/or neighbors and not healthcare personal. Conclusions: lack of knowledge about breast cancer could be related to difficult identification of risk factors and low attendance to medical control practice. Recommendations: to design and set up an action plan, evaluate it, in order to contribute the studied disease knowledge increase(AU)

Interdisciplinariedad entre la Medicina General Integral y la Informática Médica relacionada con el desarrollo de una revisión bibliográfica / Interdisciplinarity between the Integral General Medicine and Medical Informatics related to the development of literature review

La revisión bibliográfica no es una publicación original y examina la bibliografía publicada, debe ser selectiva e imprescindible en la formación del médico. Para lograr con éxito la integración del Departamento de Medicina General Integral (MGI) y el de Informática, para perfeccionar la formación de los futuros médicos, teniendo en cuenta la revisión bibliográfica, se comienza en el primer semestre de la carrera de Medicina del curso escolar 2010-2011, la asignatura Introducción a la MGI. El Departamento de MGI al valorar la revisión bibliográfica como herramienta básica para la investigación junto al departamento de Informática, traza acciones que contribuyeron a desarrollar la integración de ambas asignaturas, se realizaron talleres para elevar la capacitación de los profesores y surgió la idea de desarrollar una propuesta metodológica y evaluar su impacto realizando en un mismo acto de examen la evaluación final de ambas asignaturas en el escenario docente donde se imparte la docencia, con el objetivo de integrar el conocimiento, aumentar la motivación y la habilidad para investigar. Se seleccionaron los 3 mejores trabajos otorgándoles 1ro, 2do y 3er lugar. Se llevó a cabo esta propuesta para obtener la interdisciplinariedad entre la MGI e Informática Médica enfatizando en la revisión bibliográfica, se lograron resultados satisfactorios, tuvo objetivos precisos y se encaminó a abordar todos los nudos críticos identificados por los profesores

Literature review is not an original article but it analyzes the published literature; it should be selective and indispensable in the medical formation. For succeeding in integrating the Department of Integral General Medicine (MGI in Cuba) and the Department of Informatics, and for improving the formation of future physicians, the first semester of the medical studies in the 2010-2011 academic year included the subject Introduction to Integral General Medicine, taking literature review into account. Since the MGI Department considered the literature review as a basic tool for research as did the Department of Informatics, it took actions to develop the integration of both subjects. To this end, some workshops were held to raise the level of training of professors and thus, it came out the idea of developing a methodological proposal and evaluating its impact by making the final evaluation of both subjects in one exam at the place where the classes were given. All this was aimed at integrating knowledge, encouraging motivation and increasing abilities for research. The three best papers were selected and given 1st, 2nd and 3rd prizes. This proposal was submitted to reach interdisciplinarity between the Integral General Medicine and Medical Informatics by making emphasis on the literature review. It achieved satisfactory results, had precise objectives and was aimed at dealing with all the critical issues identified by the professors

Interdisciplinariedad entre la Medicina General Integral y la Informática Médica relacionada con el desarrollo de una revisión bibliográfica / Interdisciplinarity between the Integral General Medicine and Medical Informatics related to the development of literature review

La revisión bibliográfica no es una publicación original y examina la bibliografía publicada, debe ser selectiva e imprescindible en la formación del médico. Para lograr con éxito la integración del Departamento de Medicina General Integral (MGI) y el de Informática, para perfeccionar la formación de los futuros médicos, teniendo en cuenta la revisión bibliográfica, se comienza en el primer semestre de la carrera de Medicina del curso escolar 2010-2011, la asignatura Introducción a la MGI. El Departamento de MGI al valorar la revisión bibliográfica como herramienta básica para la investigación junto al departamento de Informática, traza acciones que contribuyeron a desarrollar la integración de ambas asignaturas, se realizaron talleres para elevar la capacitación de los profesores y surgió la idea de desarrollar una propuesta metodológica y evaluar su impacto realizando en un mismo acto de examen la evaluación final de ambas asignaturas en el escenario docente donde se imparte la docencia, con el objetivo de integrar el conocimiento, aumentar la motivación y la habilidad para investigar. Se seleccionaron los 3 mejores trabajos otorgándoles 1ro, 2do y 3er lugar. Se llevó a cabo esta propuesta para obtener la interdisciplinariedad entre la MGI e Informática Médica enfatizando en la revisión bibliográfica, se lograron resultados satisfactorios, tuvo objetivos precisos y se encaminó a abordar todos los nudos críticos identificados por los profesores(AU)

Literature review is not an original article but it analyzes the published literature; it should be selective and indispensable in the medical formation. For succeeding in integrating the Department of Integral General Medicine (MGI in Cuba) and the Department of Informatics, and for improving the formation of future physicians, the first semester of the medical studies in the 2010-2011 academic year included the subject Introduction to Integral General Medicine, taking literature review into account. Since the MGI Department considered the literature review as a basic tool for research as did the Department of Informatics, it took actions to develop the integration of both subjects. To this end, some workshops were held to raise the level of training of professors and thus, it came out the idea of developing a methodological proposal and evaluating its impact by making the final evaluation of both subjects in one exam at the place where the classes were given. All this was aimed at integrating knowledge, encouraging motivation and increasing abilities for research. The three best papers were selected and given 1st, 2nd and 3rd prizes. This proposal was submitted to reach interdisciplinarity between the Integral General Medicine and Medical Informatics by making emphasis on the literature review. It achieved satisfactory results, had precise objectives and was aimed at dealing with all the critical issues identified by the professors(AU)