Intervención de caminata para empleados sedentarios: efecto sobre la autorregulación y la auto eficacia / A walking intervention for sedentary employees: effects on self-regulation and self-efficacy

Resumen Se diseñó una intervención de caminata de 10 semanas para examinar cómo la actividad física afecta la autorregulación y la autoeficacia en empleados sedentarios. La intervención fue realizada con 68 participantes, asignados a tres grupos al azar: caminata intermitente, caminata continua o control. La autorregulación, la autoeficacia y la actividad física se midieron al inicio, en la semana 6 y en la semana 11. La actividad de caminata aumentó significativamente (p < .05) con el grupo de caminata continua desde el inicio a la semana 6 (p = .033). El porcentaje de cambio fue mayor en comparación con el grupo control desde el inicio a la semana 11 (p = .042). Se observaron mejoras significativas en la autorregulación con el grupo de caminata continua desde el inicio a la semana 6 y a la semana 11 (p < .05). Sin embargo, la autoeficacia disminuyó desde el inicio a la semana 6 (p = .047) y a la semana 11 (p = .008) para todos los grupos. Los empleados sedentarios tendrían más ventajas si se les prescribe un programa de caminata continua, ya que puede mejorar las habilidades de autorregulación. La actividad de caminata intermitente también puede ser un enfoque factible para reducir el comportamiento sedentario; sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para evaluar si los empleados sedentarios pueden o no cumplir con las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física. También es importante revisar en futuras investigaciones el vínculo entre la actividad física y la autoeficacia.

Abstract A 10-week walking intervention was designed to examine how physical activity affects self-regulation and self-efficacy in sedentary employees. The intervention was completed by 68 participants randomly assigned to three groups: intermittent walking, continuous walking, or control. Self-regulation, self-efficacy and walking behavior were measured at baseline, week-6, and week-11. Walking activity significantly (p<.05) increased for the continuous walking group from baseline to week-6 (p=.033), the percentage of change was significantly higher compared to the control group from baseline to week-11 (p=0.042). Significant improvements on self-regulation were observed with the continuous group from baseline to week-6 and week-11 (p<0.05). However, self-efficacy decreased from baseline to week-6 (p=.047) and week-11 (p=.008) for all groups. Sedentary employees may benefit more from a continuous walking program due to enhanced self-regulatory skills. Intermittent walking activity may be also a feasible approach to reduce sedentary behavior, however more research is needed to test whether or not sedentary employees can meet daily physical activity recommendations. It is also important to review in future research, the link between physical activity and self-efficacy.

Resumo Desenhou-se uma intervenção de caminhada de 10 semanas para examinar como a atividade física afeta a autorregulação e a autoeficácia em sedentários. A intervenção foi realizada por 68 participantes designados a três grupos aleatórios: caminhada intermitente, caminhada contínua ou controle. A autorregulação, a autoeficácia e a atividade física foram medidas no início, na semana 6 e na semana 11. A atividade de caminhada aumentou significativamente (p<0,05) com o grupo de caminhada contínua do início até a semana 6 (p=0,033), a porcentagem de troca foi maior em comparação com o grupo controle do início até a semana 11 (p=0,042). Foram observadas melhoras significativas na autorregulação com o grupo de caminhada contínua do início até a semana 6 e até a semana 11 (p<0,05). Porém, a autoeficácia diminuiu do início até a semana 6 (p=0,047) e até a semana 11 (p=0,008) para todos os grupos. Os empregados sedentários teriam mais vantagens se lhes fosse prescrito um programa de caminhada contínua, pois pode melhorar as habilidades de autorregulação. A atividade de caminhada intermitente também pode ser um enfoque factível para reduzir o comportamento sedentário, no entanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para avaliar se os empregados sedentários podem ou não cumprir as recomendações diárias de atividade física. É importante também revisar em pesquisas futuras o vínculo entre a atividade física e a autoeficácia.

A walking intervention for sedentary employees: effects on self-regulation and self-efficacy / Intervención de caminata para empleados sedentarios: efecto sobre la autorregulación y la auto eficacia

Abstract A 10-week walking intervention was designed to examine how physical activity affects self-regulation and self-efficacy in sedentary employees. The intervention was completed by 68 participants randomly assigned to three groups: intermittent walking, continuous walking, or control. Self-regulation, self-efficacy and walking behavior were measured at baseline, week-6, and week-11. Walking activity significantly (p<.05) increased for the continuous walking group from baseline to week-6 (p=.033), the percentage of change was significantly higher compared to the control group from baseline to week-11 (p=0.042). Significant improvements on self-regulation were observed with the continuous group from baseline to week-6 and week-11 (p<0.05). However, self-efficacy decreased from baseline to week-6 (p=.047) and week-11 (p=.008) for all groups. Sedentary employees may benefit more from a continuous walking program due to enhanced self-regulatory skills. Intermittent walking activity may be also a feasible approach to reduce sedentary behavior, however more research is needed to test whether or not sedentary employees can meet daily physical activity recommendations. It is also important to review in future research, the link between physical activity and self-efficacy.

Resumen Se diseñó una intervención de caminata de 10 semanas para examinar cómo la actividad física afecta la autorregulación y la autoeficacia en empleados sedentarios. La intervención fue realizada por 68 participantes asignados a tres grupos al azar: caminata intermitente, caminata continua o control. La autorregulación, la autoeficacia y la actividad física se midieron al inicio, a la semana 6 y la semana 11. La actividad de caminata aumentó significativamente (p<.05) con el grupo de caminata continua desde el inicio a la semana 6 (p=.033), el porcentaje de cambio fue mayor en comparación con el grupo control desde el inicio a la semana 11 (p=0,042). Se observaron mejoras significativas en la autorregulación con el grupo de caminata continua desde el inicio a la semana 6 y a la semana 11 (p<0.05). Sin embargo, la autoeficacia disminuyó desde el inicio a la semana 6 (p=.047) y a la semana 11 (p=.008) para todos los grupos. Los empleados sedentarios tendrían más ventajas si se les prescribe un programa de caminata continua, ya que puede mejorar las habilidades de autorregulación. La actividad de caminata intermitente también puede ser un enfoque factible para reducir el comportamiento sedentario, sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para evaluar si los empleados sedentarios pueden o no cumplir con las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física. También es importante revisar en futuras investigaciones el vínculo entre la actividad física y la autoeficacia.

Resumen Desenhou-se uma intervenção de caminhada de 10 semanas para examinar como a atividade física afeta a autorregulação e a autoeficácia em sedentários. A intervenção foi realizada por 68 participantes designados a três grupos aleatórios: caminhada intermitente, caminhada contínua ou controle. A autorregulação, a autoeficácia e a atividade física foram medidas no início, na semana 6 e na semana 11. A atividade de caminhada aumentou significativamente (p<0,05) com o grupo de caminhada contínua do início até a semana 6 (p=0,033), a porcentagem de troca foi maior em comparação com o grupo controle do início até a semana 11 (p=0,042). Foram observadas melhoras significativas na autorregulação com o grupo de caminhada contínua do início até a semana 6 e até a semana 11 (p<0,05). Porém, a autoeficácia diminuiu do início até a semana 6 (p=0,047) e até a semana 11 (p=0,008) para todos os grupos. Os empregados sedentários teriam mais vantagens se lhes fosse prescrito um programa de caminhada contínua, pois pode melhorar as habilidades de autorregulação. A atividade de caminhada intermitente também pode ser um enfoque factível para reduzir o comportamento sedentário, no entanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para avaliar se os empregados sedentários podem ou não cumprir as recomendações diárias de atividade física. É importante também revisar em pesquisas futuras o vínculo entre a atividade física e a autoeficácia.

The effect of 2 walking programs on aerobic fitness, body composition, and physical activity in sedentary office employees.

PURPOSE: The present study examined changes in body composition, maximum oxygen uptake, and physical activity in sedentary office employees prescribed with two different walking programs during a 10-week intervention. METHODS: 68 sedentary employees were randomly assigned to one of three groups: multiple bouts of walking (n = 24 (5 male, 19 female) Age = 46±9, BMI = 30.5±5.78 kg/m2), continuous walking (n = 22 (6 male, 16 female) Age = 48±9, BMI = 30.6±6.2 kg/m2) and the control group (n = 22 (5 male, 17 female) Age = 42±10, BMI = 27.5±5.23 kg/m2). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (iDXA) assessed body composition and a Bruce protocol treadmill test assessed aerobic fitness at baseline and week 11. At baseline, week 6 and week 11 a waist worn accelerometer measured physical activity and sedentary behavior. Physical activity was measured throughout the program with a wrist worn accelerometer. RESULTS: The results from the mixed-design ANOVA show that fat mass (p < .000) and fat percentage (p < .000) decreased for all three groups as a main effect of time. Sedentary behavior did not change (p>0.05) for all three groups. Moderate intensity physical activity increased significantly from pre-test to week 6 (p<0.05), then decreased from week 6 to post-test (p<0.05), with no significant changes observed from pre-test to post-test (p>0.05) for all groups. No changes in VO2 were observed (p>0.05) for all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous or intermittent walking activity produce similar benefits on body weight, fat mass and body fat percentage in sedentary employees. Meanwhile, intermittent walking allowed these sedentary employees to increase lean mass and fat free mass. Intermittent walking could provide at least similar benefits on body composition compared to a continuous walking program.

Preschoolers' Physical Activity Participation Across a Yearlong Mastery-Motivational Climate Intervention.

PURPOSE: This study sought to determine how children's participation in physical activity during a mastery-motivational climate changed during a 20-week intervention and to compare it to children's free-play activity during a typical day at their local day-care facility. METHOD: Twelve 4-year-old children participated in a mastery-motivational climate physical activity program delivered 2 days a week for 20 weeks during a period of 8 months. All children were fitted with an Actigraph GT3X triaxial accelerometer. Data from the accelerometers were reduced to determine minutes of sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during (a) all 20 weeks, and (b) Weeks 1 through 4, Weeks 9 through 12, and Weeks 17 to 20 for the mastery climate. Activity levels in the mastery condition were compared to the children's activity during unplanned free play in Weeks 1, 10, and 20. RESULTS: During the course of the mastery-motivational climate program, participation in sedentary behavior decreased statistically significantly, while participation in MVPA increased statistically significantly. Within the free-play condition, there were no changes in the levels of activity across time, with the children spending on average more than 80% of their time being sedentary. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that when specific task structures associated with a mastery climate are included in an instructional setting, these climate manipulations seem to have a direct effect on physical activity levels once the children learned how to manage themselves in the setting. Free-play activity in and of itself does not appear to stimulate MVPA.