Activación muscular en corredores con el síndrome de la banda iliotibial / Muscle Activation in Runners with Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Esta investigación examinó las diferencias en la activación muscular en los músculos de la cadera y muslo en corredores y corredoras con y sin el síndrome de la banda iliotibial (SFBI). Se registró la actividad neuromuscular en 21 corredores durante la carrera (14 SFBI y 7 sanos). No se han encontrado diferencias significativas en la actividad muscular media entre los corredores y corredoras lesionados. Sin embargo, en el caso de las corredoras lesionadas, se han encontrado diferencias entre el vasto lateral y el tensor fascia lata, y entre el vasto lateral y el bíceps femoral (p<0,05 en ambos casos). En el caso de los corredores hombres lesionados, se han encontrado diferencias entre el glúteo mayor y el tensor fascia lata, y entre el glúteo mayor y el bíceps femoral (p<0,05 en ambos casos). Estos hallazgos proporcionan un mayor entendimiento de la lesión y ayudarían a un tratamiento más específico. (AU)

A study was performed to examine differences in hip and thigh muscle activation in male and female runners with and without iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). The neuromuscular activity of 21 runners was recorded during run (14 ITBS and 7 healthy). No significant differences were observed in mean muscle activity in injured male and female runners. In contrast, in female runners with ITBS, there were differences between the vastus lateralis and the tensor fasciae latae and between the vastus lateralis and the femoral biceps (p<0.05 in the two cases). With regard to male runners with ITBS, differences in activity were observed between the gluteus maximus and the tensor fasciae latae, and between the gluteus maximus and the femoral biceps (p<0.05 in the two cases). These findings contribute to a better understanding of iliotibial band syndrome and may be useful for the design of targeted treatments. (AU)

Funcionamiento cognitivo y rendimiento deportivo en jóvenes futbolistas: Una revisión sistemática / Funcionamento cognitivo e desempenho esportivo em jovens jogadores de futebol: uma revisão sistemática / Cognitive functioning and sports performance in young soccer players: A systematic review

El funcionamiento cognitivo está adquiriendo especial relevancia a la hora de estudiar los factores que influyen en el rendimiento en fútbol. Si bien la relación entre funciones cognitivas y rendimiento deportivo cuenta con una literatura extensa en futbolistas adultos, no ocurre lo mismo en jugadores de edades tempranas, donde dicha asociación no se ha explorado en profundidad. Este trabajo surge con el propósito de conocer el estado de la cuestión y profundizar en esta línea de investigación en categorías infantiles y juveniles, de edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 19 años. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática sobre las relaciones existentes entre el funcionamiento cognitivo y el rendimiento deportivo en jóvenes futbolistas. Para la realización de dicha revisión sistemática se analizaron los artículos publicados sobre esta cuestión en los últimos 10 años siguiendo el método PRISMA. Para una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura existente se han utilizado las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Dialnet, PubMed y Google Scholar, entre otras, incluyendo artículos publicados tanto en lengua castellana como inglesa. Finalmente, 12 artículos fueron analizados e incluidos en la revisión. Los resultados mostraron que existen relaciones significativas entre las funciones cognitivas y el rendimiento en jóvenes futbolistas, de entre las cuales destacan variables como la atención, el control inhibitorio, la flexibilidad cognitiva o la toma de decisiones, encontrándose diferencias entre las puntuaciones obtenidas por futbolistas de élite y las obtenidas por deportistas amateurs o población general, siendo significativamente mayores en el primer grupo. (AU)

Cognitive functioning is acquiring special relevance when studying the factors that influence soccer performance. Although the relationship between cognitive functions and sport performance has an extensive literature in adult soccer players, the same does not happen in young players, where this association has not been explored in depth. This work arises with the objective of knowing the state of the issue and going in depth in this line of research in youth categories, between 8 and 19 years old. For this purpose, a systematic review has been carried out on the existing relationship between cognitive functioning and sports performance in youth soccer players. In order to carry out this systematic review, the articles published on this issue in the last 10 years were analyzed following the PRISMA method. For an exhaustive search of the literature, the database Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Dialnet, PubMed and Google Scholar, among others, were used, including articles published both Spanish and English. Finally, 12 articles were analyzed and included in the review. The results showed significant relationship between cognitive functions and performance in youth soccer players, highlighting variables such as attention, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility or decision making, finding differences between scores obtained by elite soccer players and those obtained by amateur athletes or general population, being significantly higher in the first group (AU)

O funcionamento cognitivo está adquirindo especial relevância no estudo dos fatores que influenciam o desempenho no futebol. Embora a relação entre funções cognitivas e desempenho esportivo seja extensa na literatura em jogadores de futebol adulto, o mesmo não ocorre em jogadores de tenra idade, onde essa associação ainda não foi explorada em profundidade. Este trabalho surge com o objetivo de conhecer o estado da questão e aprofundar esta linha de pesquisa nas categorias infanto-juvenil, na faixa etária entre 8 e 19 anos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre as relações entre funcionamento cognitivo e desempenho esportivo em jovens jogadores de futebol. Para a realização desta revisão sistemática, os artigos publicados sobre o assunto nos últimos 10 anos foram analisados segundo o método PRISMA. Para uma busca exaustiva da literatura existente, foram utilizadas as bases de dados Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Dialnet, PubMed e Google Scholar, entre outras, incluindo artigos publicados em espanhol e inglês. Por fim, 12 artigos foram analisados e incluídos na revisão. Os resultados mostraram que existemrelações significativas entre funções cognitivas e desempenho em jovens jogadores de futebol, entre as quais se destacam variáveis como atenção, controle inibitório, flexibilidade cognitiva ou tomada de decisão, encontrando diferenças entre os escores obtidos por jogadores de futebol de elite e aqueles. obtidos por atletas amadores ou pela população em geral, sendo significativamente maior no primeiro grupo. (AU)

Cambios espirométricos tras la aplicación de un programa de cinesiterapia en la espondilitis anquilosante: estudio piloto / Spirometric changes after applying a kinetic therapy program in ankylosing spondylitis: A pilot study

ObjetivoEl objetivo del presente estudio piloto fue evaluar los cambios obtenidos en los volúmenes espirométricos y la movilidad costal tras la aplicación de un protocolo de reeducación postural global (RPG) o un protocolo convencional de fisioterapia.Material y métodosSe estudiaron 20 pacientes con espondilitis divididos en 2 grupos: control y experimental. Al grupo experimental se le aplicó un programa de cinesiterapia basado en el método de RPG, mientras que al grupo control se le aplicó un protocolo clásico de fisioterapia. El estudio duró 3 meses, en los cuales los pacientes recibieron 12 sesiones semanales de tratamiento. Se realizó una espirometría para el cálculo de varios volúmenes (capacidad vital forzada [FVC], volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo [FEV1] y cociente FEV1/FVC) y la expansión costal. Ambas mediciones se realizaron antes y después de los tres meses de tratamiento. Se realizó un análisis de la varianza de medidas repetidas por cada variable estudiada.ResultadosEl análisis de la varianza encontró diferencias significativas para el factor tiempo en la FVC (F=7,133; p<0,01), el FEV1 (F=16,47; p<0,001) y la expansión torácica (F=28,17; p<0,001), pero no para el cociente FEV1/FVC (F=2,807; p=0,1). A su vez, se encontró una interacción entre el factor tiempo y el factor grupo para el cociente FEV1/FVC (F=5,25; p=0,03), pero no para el resto de las variables. Por tanto, la FVC, el FEV1 y la expansión torácica mejoraron por igual en ambos grupos, mientras que el cociente FEV1/FVC incrementó más en el grupo experimental. Aunque se encontraron diferencias estadísticas, el efecto clínico (EfC) fue pequeño (EfC<0,2) para los volúmenes espirométricos, mientras que fue largo (EfC>1) para la expansión costal(AU)

ConclusionesLos resultados del presente estudio piloto sugieren que la aplicación de un protocolo de fisioterapia, tanto convencional como basado en el método de RPG, puede inducir cambios en la espirometría en pacientes con espondilitis anquilosante, aunque futuros estudios son necesarios para objetivar la significación clínica de estos cambios(AU)

ObjectiveThe current pilot study aimed to evaluate changes in Spirometric volumes and rib mobility after application of a physical therapy program based on a Global Posture Re-education protocol or a conventional exercise program.Material and methodsTwenty patients diagnosed with Ankylosing Spondylitis were divided into a control and experimental group. The experimental group was treated with a Global Posture Re-education Method based protocol whereas the control group was treated with a conventional exercise program. During a 3-month treatment period, patients received 12 sessions of supervised physical therapy. A spirometric analysis was performed to assess Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume during the First Second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC coefficient and rib mobility pre-intervention and after the 3-month intervention period. An analysis of variance for repeated measures was used for the statistical analysis of each variable studied.ResultsSignificant differences were found with the analysis of variance for time factor in FVC (F=7.133; P<0.01), FEV1 (F=16.47; P<0.001), and rib mobility (F=28.17; P<0.001), but not for FEV1/FVC coefficient (F=2.807; P=0.1). Interaction between group and time was also found for FEV1/FVC (F=5.25; P=0.03) but not for the remaining variables: FVC, FEV1. Furthermore, rib mobility improved the same in both groups whereas the FEV1/FVC had a greater increase in the experimental group. Nevertheless, effect sizes were small (EfS<0.2) for Spirometric volumes, but large (EfS > 1) for rib mobility.ConclusionsThe results from the present pilot study suggest that the application of a physical therapy exercise program, either conventional or based on the Global Posture Re-education Method, may induce changes in spirometry in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Future studies are required in order to determine the clinical relevance of these changes(AU)

[Assessment of mononucleosis syndromes in the emergency service of the Hospital 12 of October]. / Valoración de síndromes mononucleósicos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital 12 de Octubre.

We studied all the cases with suspicion of Mononucleosis Syndrome admitted at the Emergency Service of the Hospital 12 de Octubre from october to december of 1992. The selection was conducted on the basis of clinical criteria, being the more frequent observations fever, faringitis and adenopathies. Signs and symptoms were compared with other series without observing any significant differences. The diagnosis was confirmed through the quick detection of Heterophil antibodies (50% +), conducting afterwards specific serologic test for the most frequent germs. We conclude that the Mononucleosis Syndrome is an infection whose diagnosis, treatment and out-patient follow-up can be made by a Primary Health Care Team.

Cardiovascular changes in awake dogs caused by suddenly induced aortic hypertension.

Cardiovascular adaptation to the sudden inflation of a balloon in the descending aorta was investigated in intact awake, standing dogs. The balloon inflation raised pressure in the arterial bed proximal from the balloon. Initially, it lowered heart rate and cardiac output. After 4 sec, heart rate and cardiac output began increasing again and within the next 14 sec, these functions returned almost to the control values. The restoration of cardiac output was associated with a further rise in aortic pressure. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the prime circulatory adaptation to a hindrance to arterial flow is restoration of blood flow even though this requires a further elevation of arterial pressure. The demands of the tissues for an adequate supply of blood appear to override the inhibitory baroreceptor reflexes. The circulatory changes observed under conditions of attenuated parasympathetic inhibition and under conditions of attenuated beta-adrenergic stimulation were consistent with this interpretation. The findings suggest that arterial hyertension may involve a comparable adaptation of cardiac output in patients whose blood flow is hindered by pathologically narrowed arterioles.

Arterial pressure-flow relations in the awake standing dog.

The transient circulatory changes following paced heart rate increase are reported from 133 trials with 6 unanesthetized dogs with chronically implanted monitoring devices for heart rate, cardiac output, aortic blood pressure, and mean right atrial pressure. In 62 trials with 2 of the dogs, pulmonary artery, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, as well as left ventricular dP/dt were also studied. The sequence of changes in pressures and flows is analyzed in terms of probable underlying mechanisms, particularly with respect to the nature of vascular resistances. The rise in aortic pressure and flow during the first 3 s of paced heart rate increase, before arterial stretch receptor reflexes become active, is more consistent with an effective downstream pressure of about 49 mmHg, presumably at the arteriolar level, than with an effective downstream pressure close to 0 mmHg at the right atrial level. In the pulmonary circulation where vascular reflex effects are less prominent, the pattern of pulmonary arterial pressure and flow for the entire 30 s of observation is consistent with an effective downstream pressure of 9 mmHg, presumably at the alveolar or pulmonary arteriolar level, rather than at the level of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.