RESUMO
This paper analyzes the situation and the changes made in the Institute of Sanitary and Tropical Diseases between 1965 and 1989 to become the National Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference. Three major stages are identified during this period: crisis, transition and renewal. The factors that led to the crisis, the decisions made to overcome it and to harmonize the work of laboratories with epidemiological and public health criteria are discussed. The recognition obtained by researchers of the Institute despite the crisis is described, as well as the way the institution managed to continue with projects despite the changing global situation. The transition included the arrival of a new generation of professionals with modern computer-based and conceptual tools and the remarkably well met challenge of participating in national surveys with rigorous criteria. All this moved the institution to define its profile towards diagnosis and reference.
El artículo analiza la situación y los cambios efectuados en el Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales entre 1965 y 1989 para transformarse en el Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos. Se identifican tres grandes etapas en el periodo: crisis, transición y renovación. Se señalan los elementos que llevaron a la crisis, las decisiones que se tomaron para salir de ella y armonizar el trabajo de los laboratorios con criterios epidemiológicos y de salud pública. Se citan las distinciones obtenidas por investigadores del Instituto a pesar de la crisis y se describe cómo la institución logró seguir con proyectos a pesar de la cambiante situación mundial. La transición incluyó la llegada de una nueva generación de profesionales con modernas herramientas informáticas y conceptuales y el desafío de participar en encuestas nacionales con criterios rigurosos. Todo ello movió a la institución a definir su perfil hacia el diagnóstico y la referencia.
Assuntos
Academias e Institutos/história , Saúde Pública/história , Medicina Tropical/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
Gaceta Médica de México, official journal of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, began its circulation on September 15, 1864, and continues to be positioned as the oldest medical periodical publication. However, its publication was temporarily interrupted. The present study analyzes the interruption suffered by Gaceta in 1916, its resumption in 1919, and the causes that originated that discontinuity. The consequences of the so-called Mexican revolution and the enthusiasm and commitment of the academy and its editors to continue working for the progress of national medicine are discussed.
Gaceta Médica de México, órgano oficial de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de México, empezó su tiraje el 15 de septiembre de 1864 y continúa posicionada como la publicación periódica médica de mayor antigüedad. Sin embargo, en algún momento de su historia la publicación fue suspendida temporalmente. El presente estudio analiza la interrupción que sufrió Gaceta en 1916, su reanudación en 1919 y las causas que originaron esa discontinuidad. Se habla de las consecuencias que dejó la denominada Revolución Mexicana y del entusiasmo y compromiso de la Academia y sus editores por seguir trabajando por el progreso de la medicina nacional.
Assuntos
Academias e Institutos/história , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , México , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Gaceta Médica de México, official journal of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, began its circulation on September 15, 1864, and continues to be positioned as the oldest medical periodical publication. However, its publication was temporarily interrupted. The present study analyzes the interruption suffered by Gaceta in 1916, its resumption in 1919, and the causes that originated that discontinuity. The consequences of the so-called Mexican revolution and the enthusiasm and commitment of the academy and its editors to continue working for the progress of national medicine are discussed.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Distúrbios Civis/história , Academias e Institutos/história , Publicidade/história , MéxicoRESUMO
Gaceta Médica de México, official journal of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, began its circulation on September 15, 1864, and continues to be positioned as the oldest medical periodical publication. However, its publication was temporarily interrupted. The present study analyzes the interruption suffered by Gaceta in 1916, its resumption in 1919, and the causes that originated that discontinuity. The consequences of the so-called Mexican revolution and the enthusiasm and commitment of the academy and its editors to continue working for the progress of national medicine are discussed.
Assuntos
Academias e Institutos/história , Distúrbios Civis/história , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Publicidade/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , MéxicoRESUMO
The article presents a summary of the development of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico since its beginnings in 1836, when the first Academy was created, until 1912 when the organization became an official institution and an advisory authority for the Federal Government. The different stages that the Academy has gone through show the dynamism of the corporation and the activity and energy of its members. As a whole, they advanced medicine in the country at the same time as the Academy fought for the recognition, consolidation, and support of its research.
Assuntos
Academias e Institutos/história , História da Medicina , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , MéxicoRESUMO
Two visions of the nosocomial architecture are discussed, located in a close time period, 1505-1535, but inserted in two different scenarios. One is in the Renaissance Spain, proposed by the architect E. Egas (born in Toledo, Spain), and the other one in the New Spain, proposed by V. de Quiroga, who chose an architectural style coherent with the Franciscan ideals of humbleness and evangelization, which set aside the ornamentation typical of Spanish medieval hospitals rather than palatial monuments built by E. Egas. The "hospital-village" project by V. de Quiroga allowed the patients and their families to live together, which was accepted by pre-Hispanic families that in the time were extensive. The hospital-village, both in its typology and in its health conception, returns to designs already in disuse of the Spanish Middle Age by picking up the idea of a hospital as a multifunctional space in which sanitary attention, nurseries, and shelters for poor people were combined within the church.
Assuntos
Arquitetura/história , Hospitais/história , História do Século XVI , México , Modelos Estruturais , EspanhaRESUMO
The development of thoracic surgery as a specialty is linked to the acquisition of knowledge and skills such as the resolution of the open pneumothorax with differential pressure and tracheal intubation, asepsis, antibiotic therapy and intensive care.Our pioneers in thoracic development were general surgeons who ventured into this field during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, culminating in the transition to a full blown specialty during the second half of the 20th century.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Torácica/história , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , MéxicoRESUMO
Worldwide, the technological revolution is taking place, but the human aspect of health care demonstrates that medical personnel often avoid the responsibility for the emotional care of their patients. This is not a recent point of view. In many ways, during the 19th century, Mexican physicians were outspoken about the problems in regard to the manner in which care of sick persons was carried out. They were certain that scientific progress was the origin of medical dehumanization, frequently forgetting that physicians were treating sensitive and intelligent persons and, therefore, must adjust their behavior in accordance with their patients. Because of this situation, 19th century physicians were invited to share a list of responsibilities and duties to patients, among their professional colleagues as well as among government authorities. In particular, the philosophies of three health professionals were analyzed, Francisco Flores (1855-1931), Porfirio Parra (1854-1912) and Adrián de Garay (1860-192?), in regard to how the practice of medicine should be exercised and that the underlying ethical and moral principles must always be present.
Assuntos
Ética Médica/história , História do Século XIX , MéxicoRESUMO
Luis Hidalgo y Carpio (1818-1879) was a notable physician who made important contributions to the field of medicine during his time. Nevertheless, reference sources on the aspect from Hidalgo y Carpio that we would like to emphasize (i.e. as an editor of a medical journal) are scarce since precisely when Hidalgo y Carpio was named President of the Medical Society (later the Academia Nacional de Medicina), in 1987, the publication of the Gaceta Médica de México was temporarily interrupted. Hidalgo y Carpio played a key role as an editor at a time when the medical community of Mexico required a means whereby the scientific achievements could be published and discussed among peers and colleagues. Under Hidalgo y Carpio, the Gaceta Médica de México soon reached a wide audience, not only as a periodical publication but also for the prestige of the Academy that represented.
Assuntos
Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Editoração/história , Medicina Clínica/história , História do Século XIX , MéxicoRESUMO
En la actualidad se habla cada vez más de la suficiencia tecnológica, del aislamiento humano y de la evasión por parte del personal de salud hacia las necesidades afectivas de los pacientes; este enfoque no es reciente. A través de múltiples fuentes, los médicos del siglo XIX mexicano externaron sus inquietudes respecto a la manera como se llevaba a cabo la atención del enfermo; aseguraban que el progreso científico estaba originando la deshumanización de la medicina, haciendo olvidar que el médico trabaja con seres sensibles e inteligentes y que, por tanto, debía ajustar su proceder de acuerdo con la personalidad de sus pacientes. Ante tal situación, los médicos decimonónicos invitaban a la reflexión, a cumplir una serie de deberes frente al enfermo, ante sus colegas y ante las autoridades gubernamentales, lo que nos lleva a concluir que los principios éticos siempre han estado vigentes. Este artículo analiza en particular la postura de tres profesionales de la salud: Francisco Flores (1855-1931), Porfirio Parra (1854-1912) y Adrián de Garay (1860-192?), respecto a cómo debía ser el ejercicio de su profesión; externan que los principios éticos debían estar presentes en todo momento.
Worldwide, the technological revolution is taking place, but the human aspect of health care demonstrates that medical personnel often avoid the responsibility for the emotional care of their patients. This is not a recent point of view. In many ways, during the 19th century, Mexican physicians were outspoken about the problems in regard to the manner in which care of sick persons was carried out. They were certain that scientific progress was the origin of medical dehumanization, frequently forgetting that physicians were treating sensitive and intelligent persons and, therefore, must adjust their behavior in accordance with their patients. Because of this situation, 19th century physicians were invited to share a list of responsibilities and duties to patients, among their professional colleagues as well as among government authorities. In particular, the philosophies of three health professionals were analyzed, Francisco Flores (1855-1931), Porfirio Parra (1854-1912) and Adrián de Garay (1860-192?), in regard to how the practice of medicine should be exercised and that the underlying ethical and moral principles must always be present.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Ética Médica/história , MéxicoRESUMO
Luis Hidalgo y Carpio (1818-1879) fue un insigne médico mexicano especializado en aspectos forenses, que hizo interesantes aportaciones a la medicina de su tiempo; sin embargo, para el perfil que interesa destacar, el de editor, las fuentes no son abundantes, pues precisamente en 1867, cuando Hidalgo y Carpio ocupó la presidencia de la Sociedad Médica de México, conocida posteriormente como Academia Nacional de Medicina, se interrumpió la publicación de Gaceta Médica de México, medio informativo de la Sociedad Médica. El papel de nuestro personaje como editor fue de gran trascendencia debido a que la comunidad médica requería un medio de comunicación donde externara sus logros científicos y se retroalimentara con las lecturas de la publicación en cuestión, que tuvo un gran alcance no solo por el carácter periódico que la caracterizó sino también por el organismo que representaba.
Luis Hidalgo y Carpio (1818-1879) was a notable physician who made important contributions to the field of medicine during his time. Nevertheless, reference sources on the aspect from Hidalgo y Carpio that we would like to emphasize (i.e. as an editor of a medical journal) are scarce since precisely when Hidalgo y Carpio was named President of the Medical Society (later the Academia Nacional de Medicina), in 1987, the publication of the Gaceta Médica de México was temporarily interrupted. Hidalgo y Carpio played a key role as an editor at a time when the medical community of Mexico required a means whereby the scientific achievements could be published and discussed among peers and colleagues. Under Hidalgo y Carpio, the Gaceta Médica de México soon reached a wide audience, not only as a periodical publication but also for the prestige of the Academy that represented.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Editoração/história , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , México , Medicina Clínica/históriaRESUMO
Es el resultado de un notable trabajo de investigación, compilación y análisis de las diferentes etapas por las que ha transitado la medicina mexicana. En este sentido debemos reconocer la invaluable labor de distinguidos investigadores, académicos y reconocidos universitarios, todos expertos en este campo, y que han colaborado con sus interesantes textos. Asimismo deseamos expresar nuestro agradecimiento a Laboratorios Bayer, cuya vocación promotora de la cultura médica queda una vez más demostrada con el libro Medicina republicana que presentamos en esta ocasión
Assuntos
Medicina , Saúde Pública , Cirurgia Geral , História , MéxicoRESUMO
Por el solo hecho de situarnos en el siglo XIX mexicano se comprende bien que un estudio sobre la enseñanza de la medicina no puede ser lineal ni aislado de su contexto histórico. En la etapa que nos ocupa, los diferentes gobiernos y tendencias políticas, así como los saberes y noticias que llegan del extranjero, además de las inquietudes y aportaciones de los médicos mexicanos, logran que esa enseñanza se mantenga al margem del estatismo y se agilice, de manera que sean evidentes no sólo un progreso y un dinamismo diacónicos a fin de irse adaptando a las necesidades de cada tiempo y adoptando las disciplinas emergentes como la histologíam la anatomía patológica y dentro del ámbito quirúrgico, la asepsia y la antisepsia, sino también un progreso sincónico, a través del cual se aprecie el alcance que va teniendo la Escuela de Medicina, que transciende sus muros para impartir la enseñanza clínica y experimental en múltiples hospitales de la ciudad de México, afinando definitivamente la formación del estudiante
Assuntos
Ensino , Medicina , História , MéxicoRESUMO
Con el interés de mostrar una visión de la medicina integrada al contexto en el que se desarrolla, considera en su parte inicial un panorama general de la Nueva España en el siglo XVIII. Posteriormente se contemplan la ilustración y el panorama científico en Europa y en Nueva España, para centrarse en la medicina propiamente dicha. (AU)
