Application of Information Theory to Computer Vision and Image Processing.

Our perception of the world is the product of the human visual system's complex optical and physical process [...].

Shannon Entropy Used for Feature Extractions of Optical Patterns in the Context of Structural Health Monitoring.

A novelty signal processing method is proposed for a technical vision system (TVS). During data acquisition of an optoelectrical signal, part of this is random electrical fluctuation of voltages. Information theory (IT) is a well-known field that deals with random processes. A method based on using of the Shannon Entropy for feature extractions of optical patterns is presented. IT is implemented in structural health monitoring (SHM) to augment the accuracy of optoelectronic signal classifiers for a metrology subsystem of the TVS. To enhance the TVS spatial coordinate measurement performance at real operation conditions with electrical and optical noisy environments to estimate structural displacement better and evaluate its health for a better estimation of structural displacement and the evaluation of its health. Five different machine learning (ML) techniques are used in this work to classify optical patterns captured with the TVS. Linear predictive coding (LPC) and Autocorrelation function (ACC) are for extraction of optical patterns. The Shannon entropy segmentation (SH) method extracts relevant information from optical patterns, and the model's performance can be improved. The results reveal that segmentation with Shannon's entropy can achieve over 95.33%. Without Shannon's entropy, the worst accuracy was 33.33%.

Determination of trajectories using IKZ/CF inertial navigation: Methodological proposal.

Nowadays, there are different methods used in the autonomous navigation task; current solutions include inertial navigation systems (INS). However, these systems present drift errors that are attenuated by the integration of absolute reference systems such as GPS, and antennas, among others. Consequently, few works concentrate efforts on developing a methodology to reduce drift errors in INS due to the widespread practice of incorporating absolute references into their systems. However, absolute references must be placed beforehand, which is not always possible. This work presents an improvement on our methodological proposal IKZ for tracking and localization of moving objects by integrating a complementary filter (CF). The main contribution of this paper is the methodological proposal in the integration between IKZ and CF, maintaining the restrictive properties to the drift error and significantly improving the handling characteristics of the system in real applications. Furthermore, the IKZ/CF was tested with raw data from an MPU-9255 in order to analyze the results between tests.

Comparison between Different Types of Sensors Used in the Real Operational Environment Based on Optical Scanning System.

The present paper describes the experimentation in a controlled environment and a real environment using different photosensors, such as infrared light emitting diode (IRLED-as receiver), photodiode, light dependent resistor (LDR), and blue LED for the purpose of selecting those devices, which can be employed in adverse conditions, such as sunlight or artificial sources. The experiments that are described in this paper confirmed that the blue LED and phototransistor could be used as a photosensor of an Optical Scanning System (OSS), because they were less sensitive to sunlight radiation. Moreover, they are appropriate as reference sources that are selected for the experiment (blue LED flashlight and light bulb). The best experimental results that were obtained contained a digital filter that was applied to the output of the photosensor, which reduced the standard deviation for the best case for the phototransistor LED from 100.26 to 0.15. For the best case, using the blue LED, the standard deviation was reduced from 86.08 to 0.11. Using these types of devices the cost of the Optical Scanning System can be reduced and a considerable increase in resolution and accuracy.

Electrolyte Magnetohydrondyamics Flow Sensing in an Open Annular Channel-A Vision System for Validation of the Mathematical Model.

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is becoming more popular every day among developers of applications based on microfluidics, such as “lab on a chip” (LOC) and/or “micro-total analysis systems” (micro-TAS). Its physical properties enable fluid manipulation for tasks such as pumping, networking, propelling, stirring, mixing, and even cooling without the need for mechanical components, and its non-intrusive nature provides a solution to mechanical systems issues. However, these are not easy tasks. They all require precise flow control, which depends on several parameters, like microfluidics conductivity, the microfluidics conduit (channel) shape and size configuration, and the interaction between magnetic and electric fields. This results in a mathematical model that needs to be validated theoretically and experimentally. The present paper introduces the design of a 3D laminar flow involving an electrolyte in an annular open channel driven by a Lorentz force. For an organized description, first of all is provided an introduction to MHD applied in microfluidics, then an overall description of the proposed MHD microfluidic system is given, after that is focused in the theoretical validation of the mathematical model, next is described the experimental validation of the mathematical model using a customized vision system, and finally conclusions and future work are stated.