RESUMO
Olfactory neuroepithelial cells in culture have been proposed as a model to study the physiopathology of psychiatric disorders and biomarker characterization for diagnosis. In patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) diminished microtubule-associated proteins expression occurs, which might lead to aberrant microtubular organization and which in turn may affect Ca(2+) voltage-activated currents. The aim of this work was to characterize of microtubule organization as well as of the L-type Ca(2+) current in neuronal precursors obtained from nasal exfoliates of patients with SZ and BD. Microtubule organization was studied by immunofluorescence with a specific anti-III ß-tubulin antibody and by quantification of globular and assembled tubulin by Western blot. L-type current recording was performed by whole-cell patch-clamp technique and nifedipine superfusion. The results showed differential altered microtubular organization in neuronal precursors of SZ and BD. Short microtubules were observed in BD neurons, while extensive, unstained subcellular areas and disorganized microtubules were evident in SZ neuronal precursors. Patients with BD showed a decrease in amounts of tubulin in total homogenates and 40% decrease in the globular fraction. However, L-type current in BD was similar to that in healthy subjects (HS). In contrast, this current in SZ was 50% lower. These reduction in L-type current in SZ together with differential microtubule alterations are potential biomarkers that may differentiates SZ and BD.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L , Cálcio/metabolismo , Microtúbulos , Neurônios , Esquizofrenia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Transtorno Bipolar/metabolismo , Transtorno Bipolar/patologia , Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/patologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Nifedipino , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/patologiaRESUMO
Brain imaging and histopathological studies suggest that neurodevelopmental anomalies play a key role in the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). New neuron formation and maturation occur in human olfactory epithelium throughout life. Therefore, the olfactory epithelium has been proposed as a model to study alterations in neurodevelopment, particularly in some psychiatric diseases. However, former studies were done with olfactory epithelium biopsies taken post mortem or under anesthesia from patients with SZ and BD. In this work we have developed a new method to obtain viable neural precursors by exfoliation of the anterior region of the medial lateral turbinate of the nasal cavity from healthy controls, and ambulatory patients. Cells were propagated to establish neural precursor banks. Thawed cells showed cytoskeletal phenotypes typical of developing neurons. They also conserved the ability to differentiate in presence of 2mM dibutyril-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and maintained voltage-operated Ca(2+) currents in culture. Moreover, proportions of neuronal maturation stages were maintained in cultured exfoliates obtained from SZ and BD patients. Data support that neural precursors obtained from a nasal exfoliate are an excellent experimental model to later approach studies on biomarkers, neural development and cellular alterations in the pathophysiology of SZ and BD.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/patologia , Linhagem da Célula , Mucosa Nasal/citologia , Neurônios , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Células-Tronco , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/etiologia , Linhagem da Célula/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa Nasal/patologia , Neurônios/patologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/etiologia , Células-Tronco/patologia , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The cholesteatoma is characterized by Epidermic Keratinizated tissue in the middle ear and mastoid with capacity of migration and erosion of near-by structures. Commonly cholesteatoma is associated with chronic medium otitis, but in a few cases, tympanic membrana is integry and the diagnosis is made when appear complications. We report a case of giant cholesteatoma with intact tympanic membrana. The extension, silent period and evolution are evaluate.
Assuntos
Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/diagnóstico , Membrana Timpânica/anatomia & histologia , Membrana Timpânica/diagnóstico por imagem , Biópsia , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/cirurgia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
El colesteatoama se define por la presencia de tejido epidermoide queratinizado en oido medio y mastóides con capacidad de migración y erosión de las estructuras adyacentes. Habitualmente se asocia a otitis media crónica, pero en algunos casos, como el que nos interesa, el tímpano está íntegro, y el diagnóstico se establece cuando aparecen complicaciones. Nosotros, presentamos un caso de colesteatoma gigante a tímpano cerrado, valorando su extensión, período silente y evolución (AU)
The cholesteatoma is characterized by Epidermic Keratinizated tissue in the middle ear and mastoid with capacity of migration and erosion of near-by structures. Commonly cholesteatoma is associated with chronic medium otitis, but in a few cases, tympanic membrana is integry and the diagnosis is made when appear complications. We report a case of giant cholesteatoma with intact tympanic membrana. The extension, silent period and evolution are evaluate (AU)
Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Humanos , Membrana Timpânica/anatomia & histologia , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Biópsia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Presentamos un estudio de nuestros casos de abscesos periamigdalinos, comentando nuestra actitud terapéutica y resultados (AU)
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Transtornos de Deglutição/complicações , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Clavulânicos/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Biópsia por Agulha/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Abscesso Peritonsilar/cirurgia , Abscesso Peritonsilar/diagnóstico , Abscesso Peritonsilar/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Tonsilectomia/métodos , Tonsilectomia , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Tonsila Palatina/microbiologia , Boca/patologia , Otorrinolaringopatias/complicações , Otorrinolaringopatias/diagnóstico , Otorrinolaringopatias/microbiologia , Otorrinolaringopatias/patologia , Abscesso Peritonsilar/tratamento farmacológico , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Bactérias Gram-PositivasRESUMO
We report a case of late-onset pneumoencephalus after fracture of the frontal sinus. Long-term follow-up sinus injuries is recommended.
Assuntos
Seio Frontal/lesões , Pneumocefalia/etiologia , Fraturas Cranianas/complicações , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pneumocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , RadiografiaRESUMO
Presentamos un caso de neumoencéfalo de aparición tardía en unafractura de senofrontal, valorándose un seguimiento a largo plazo de los traumatismos de dicho seno (AU)
We report a case of late-onset pneumoencephalus after fracture of the frontal sinus. Long-term follow-up sinus injuries is recommended (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Fraturas Cranianas/complicações , Pneumocefalia/etiologia , Seio Frontal/lesõesRESUMO
A study was made of the variables that influence primary and secondary stapedectomy. We studied stapedectomies performed in the last 5 years at our hospital. The only variable that significantly influenced outcome was technique.
Assuntos
Otosclerose/cirurgia , Cirurgia do Estribo/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos OperatóriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The clinical findings of basilar dolichoectasia (DB) are caused by compression of the cranial nerves, vertebrobasilar ischaemia, hydrocephaly and compression of the brainstem. Hypoacusia as an isolated finding in DB is very rare. CLINICAL CASE: We describe the case of a 48-year-old hypertensive man with bilateral hypoacusia as an isolated finding in DB. Diagnosis was made on MR, and arteriography showed changes characteristic of an anomalous blood vessel. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with hypoacusia of uncertain aetiology, specially if they are also hypertensive, one should rule out the possibility of DB using cerebral magnetic resonance or angioresonance.
Assuntos
Artéria Basilar/fisiopatologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/fisiopatologia , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Angiografia Cerebral , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Ticlopidina/administração & dosagem , Ticlopidina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A case of lingual thyroid accompanied of primary thyroid insufficiency is reported, which reply property of the treatment with thyroides hormones.