Los componentes de la condición física, su relación con el estado de salud en estudiantes universitarios / As componentes da aptidão física, a sua relação com o estado de saúde nos estudantes universitários / The components of physical fitness, its relationship to health status in universities students

RESUMEN El presente artículo pretende interiorizar la importancia y los beneficios de la práctica regular de actividad física. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en realizar un estudio de los componentes de la condición física relacionada con la salud en los estudiantes de la carrera de Licenciatura en estudios Socio-Culturales de la Universidad de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente a 19 estudiantes de primer año de dicha carrera. Se utilizaron los métodos de investigación del nivel teórico y empírico como el análisis de documentos y la medición. Los valores obtenidos, en cuanto al porciento de grasa, indican que el factor de riesgo que conlleva la excesiva acumulación de grasas puede traer como consecuencia la aparición de varias enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Además, se evidencia que el 73 % de la muestra investigada presenta deficiencias en la potencia aeróbica máxima, o sea para suministrar el oxígeno necesario a los músculos durante un esfuerzo físico máximo. De manera general, la muestra alcanza un nivel aceptable que les permite mantener un esfuerzo a intensidad media o baja con suficiente aporte de oxígeno. Por ello es necesario el estricto cumplimiento de un plan de acciones que estén orientadas a la modificación de la composición corporal de los estudiantes objeto de estudio.

RESUMO Este artigo visa interiorizar a importância e os benefícios da prática regular da atividade física. O objetivo deste trabalho era realizar um estudo das componentes da condição física relacionadas com a saúde nos alunos do curso de licenciatura em Estudos Sócio-Culturais da Universidade de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". Dezanove estudantes do primeiro ano desta carreira foram selecionados de forma aleatória. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos de investigação, tais como análise e medição de documentos. Os valores obtidos em termos de percentagem de lípidos indicam que o factor de risco de acumulação excessiva de lípidos pode levar ao aparecimento de várias doenças crónicas não transmissíveis. Além disso, é evidente que 73 % da amostra investigada apresenta deficiências na potência aeróbica máxima, ou seja, para fornecer o oxigénio necessário aos músculos durante um esforço físico máximo. Em geral, a amostra atinge um nível aceitável que lhes permite manter um esforço a média ou baixa intensidade com suficiente fornecimento de oxigénio. Por conseguinte, é necessário o cumprimento rigoroso de um plano de ações orientadas para a modificação da composição corporal dos estudantes em estudo.

ABSTRACT This article aims to internalize the importance and benefits of the regular practice of physical activity. The objective of this work consisted in carrying out a study of the components of health-related physical fitness in students of the Bachelor's Degree in Socio-Cultural Studies of the University of Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca". Nineteen first year students of this career were randomly selected. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used, such as document analysis and measurement. The values obtained, in terms of the percentage of fat, indicate that the risk factor of excessive fat accumulation can lead to the appearance of several chronic non-communicable diseases. In addition, it is evident that 73 % of the investigated sample presents deficiencies in the maximum aerobic power, that is, to supply the necessary oxygen to the muscles during a maximum physical effort. In general, the sample reaches an acceptable level that allows them to maintain an effort at medium or low intensity with sufficient oxygen supply. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly comply with a plan of actions aimed at modifying the body composition of the students under study.

Changes in miR 21 and 23b expression in postnatal hypertrophic heart derived from gestational diabetes precede dilated cardiomyopathy.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of fetal congenital ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We explored the effects and mechanisms of the postnatal progression of fetal hypertrophic failure in rat pups with STZ-induced Gestational Diabetes (GD). The hearts of rat pups (newborn [NB], 8, 15, 25 and 35 days postnatal) were obtained. Histological characteristics and expression of collagen were evaluated. In-gel-gelatin zymography for MMP-9 activation was performed. Adrenergic receptors (α2AR and ß3AR), myosins (Myc6 and Myc7), Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression were quantified by qRT-PCR. Fetal hypertrophy of the left ventricular lateral wall (LVLW) in rat pups with DG persists until day 8, although this process appears to be reversed during the postnatal stage. The temporal continuity of the study demonstrated a thinning of the ventricular wall, similar to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This ventricular remodeling process is associated with the expression of ß3 adrenergic receptors and miR-21, -23b. The Bax/Bcl2 ratio was significantly reduced only at early ages. In addition, the increase in interstitial space in all ages, as well as the predominance of early ages expression of Col2 and increased expression of Col3, MMP-9 and Cx43 in late ages, is the result of an active extracellular remodeling in the hearts of rat pups with GD.

Tuberculosis diseminada en una adolescente con diabetes mellitus tipo 1: un caso inusual que imita una enfermedad autoinmune / Disseminated Tuberculosis in a girl with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An unusual case mimicking an autoimmune disease usage: case report

RESUMEN La tuberculosis es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en el mundo, a pesar de los múltiples controles y estrategias del tratamiento. La forma diseminada corresponde al 5 % de las presentaciones. Reportamos el primer caso en la literatura de una paciente adolescente con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y tuberculosis diseminada quien presentó síntomas constitucionales asociados con un dolor lumbar, inicialmente interpretado como sacroileítis no infecciosa y una probable enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

SUMMARY Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world despite multiple control and treatment strategies. Disseminated tuberculosis corresponds to 5% of cases. We report the first case in literature of an adolescent patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and disseminated tuberculosis, who had constitutional symptoms associated with low back pain and was initially, interpreted initially as noninfectious sacroiliitis and a probable inflammatory bowel disease.

A Single Administration of the Atypical Psychedelic Ibogaine or Its Metabolite Noribogaine Induces an Antidepressant-Like Effect in Rats.

Anecdotal reports and open-label case studies in humans indicated that the psychedelic alkaloid ibogaine exerts profound antiaddictive effects. Ample preclinical evidence demonstrated the efficacy of ibogaine, and its main metabolite, noribogaine, in substance-use-disorder rodent models. In contrast to addiction research, depression-relevant effects of ibogaine or noribogaine in rodents have not been previously examined. We have recently reported that the acute ibogaine administration induced a long-term increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in the rat prefrontal cortex, which led us to hypothesize that ibogaine may elicit antidepressant-like effects in rats. Accordingly, we characterized behavioral effects (dose- and time-dependence) induced by the acute ibogaine and noribogaine administration in rats using the forced swim test (FST, 20 and 40 mg/kg i.p., single injection for each dose). We also examined the correlation between plasma and brain concentrations of ibogaine and noribogaine and the elicited behavioral response. We found that ibogaine and noribogaine induced a dose- and time-dependent antidepressant-like effect without significant changes of animal locomotor activity. Noribogaine's FST effect was short-lived (30 min) and correlated with high brain concentrations (estimated >8 µM of free drug), while the ibogaine's antidepressant-like effect was significant at 3 h. At this time point, both ibogaine and noribogaine were present in rat brain at concentrations that cannot produce the same behavioral outcome on their own (ibogaine ∼0.5 µM, noribogaine ∼2.5 µM). Our data suggests a polypharmacological mechanism underpinning the antidepressant-like effects of ibogaine and noribogaine.

Propiedades insecticidas del polvo de Laurelia sempervirens L. para el control de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) / Insecticidal properties of Laurelia sempervirens powder to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) control

Sitophilus zeamais is a key pest of stored cereals. The insecticidal properties of Laurelia sempervirens powder against S. zeamais were assessed in laboratory. The variable evaluated were mortality of adult insects by contact and fumigant toxicity, mortality of immature insects by contact toxicity, residual effect of powder stored under environmental or refrigerated conditions, adult insect emergence (F1), repellency and weight reduction and germination of maize. The concentrations evaluated were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 percent and the experimental design was completely randomly. In contact toxicity bioassay all treatments showed mortality over 90 percent while fumigant activity did not exceed 40 percent. The F1 only was registered in treatment of 0.25 percent and control showing all other treatments 0 percent. In immature control bioassay all treatments exhibited statistical differences with control. The storage of powder under refrigerated conditions not improved the residual effect. All concentrations of powder assessed showed repellence. Germination and grain weight loss of maize seeds not showed significant differences with control. We concluded that L. sempervirens has promissory perspectives to stored grain pests control...

Sitophilus zeamais es plaga primaria de los cereales almacenados. Se evaluaron, en laboratorio, las propiedades insecticidas del polvo de follaje de Laurelia sempervirens para el control de S. zeamais. Las variables evaluadas fueron mortalidad por contacto y fumigante de insectos adultos, toxicidad por contacto sobre estados inmaduros, efecto residual del polvo almacenado en condiciones ambientales y de refrigeración, emergencia de insectos adultos (F1), repelencia y pérdida de peso y germinación del maíz. Las concentraciones evaluadas fueron 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 y 4,0 por ciento y el diseño experimental fue completamente al azar. En el bioensayo de toxicidad por contacto todos los tratamientos mostraron una mortalidad sobre el 90 por ciento, mientras que la actividad como fumigante no superó el 40 por ciento. La F1 sólo se registró en el tratamiento de 0,25 por ciento y en el testigo mostrando todos los otros tratamientos 0 por ciento. En el bioensayo de control de estados inmaduros todos los tratamientos exhibieron diferencias significativas con el testigo. El almacenamiento del polvo en condiciones de refrigeración no mejoró el efecto residual. Todas las concentraciones de polvo evaluadas registraron efecto repelente. La germinación y pérdida de peso de las semillas de maíz no mostraron diferencias significativas con el testigo. Se concluye que L. sempervirens tiene perspectivas promisorias para el control de plagas de los granos almacenados...

Argumentación de la teoría cientí­fica: modo de funcionamiento subconsciente del cerebro en estado hipnótico / Argument of the scientific theory: way of unconscious functioning of brain in hypnotic state

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica del objeto de estudio, a la vez que se aportaron datos de investigaciones del autor, que le dan sustento a novedosas teorías científicas, con vistas a fundamentar los estudios fisiológicos e investigativos de la hipnosis con una concepción cientí­fica y materialista del mundo y un enfoque didáctico metodológico, entre otros importantes aspectos. Se expone una teoría científica de la génesis, naturaleza y mantenimiento del proceso hipnótico, así­ como del modo de funcionamiento subconsciente del cerebro en estado hipnótico, lo cual permite proponer la definición y el concepto de hipnosis desde esta perspectiva.

A literature review of the object of study was carried out, and at the same time data of the author's investigations were added, which provide the support to novel scientific theories aimed at establishing the bases of physiological and investigative studies of hypnosis with a scientific and materialist conception of the world and a methodological didactic approach, among other important aspects. A scientific theory on the genesis, nature and maintenance of the hypnotic process, as well as on the way of unconscious functioning of brain in hypnotic state is exposed, allowing to propose the definition and concept of hypnosis from this perspective.

Fistula arteriovenosa subclavia traumática en un adulto joven / Traumatic subclavian arteriovenous fistula in a young adult

Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 23 años de edad, el cual ingresó en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba con el diagnóstico de neumotórax traumático, como consecuencia de heridas por arma blanca en la región anterosuperior derecha del tórax; pero luego, a las 48 horas, se dictaminó una fístula arteriovenosa subclavia derecha, lo cual se comprobó mediante imágenes radiográficas. La evolución posoperatoria resultó favorable y el joven egresó a los 11 días, totalmente asintomático. A los 2 meses se reincorporó a sus actividades laborales.

The case report of a 23 year-old patient who was admitted to the General Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Torres Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba with the diagnosis of traumatic pneumothorax is described, as consequence of stab wounds in the right anterior and superior region of the thorax; but then, after 48 hours, a right subclavian arteriovenous fistula, which was proven by means of x ray was diagnosed. The postoperative clinical course was favorable and the patient was discharged after 11 days, completely asymptomatic. His working activities began 2 months later.

Peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus induces the overexpression of TRLs 1-8 mRNA in corneal fibroblasts, but its lipoteichoic acid and muramyl dipeptide only induced the overexpression of TLR5 or TRL9.

Lipopolysaccharide induces TLR-1-8 mRNAs over-expression in corneal fibroblast. Analyzing if other TLR-ligands can do the same, we found that peptidoglycan does, but not muramyldipeptide, lipoteichoic acid and polyI:C. This suggests that the recognition of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan is enough to alert these cells against microorganisms through the over-expression of the majority TLRs.

Aplicaciòn de una estrategia de promociòn de salud en infantes preescolares de cìrculos infantiles / Application of a health promotion strategy in preschool infants of Daycare Centers

Introducción: La promoción de salud es una acción efectiva para elevar la cultura de la población respecto a su cuidado; cuanto más temprano en la vida esta se realice, más beneficiosos serán sus resultados. Objetivo: Determinar si una estrategia de promoción de salud, aplicada a infantes de preescolar de los círculos infantiles de Santa Clara, modifica su nivel de información. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación en cinco círculos infantiles del municipio de Santa Clara que incluyó a 168 niñas y niños entre cuatro y cinco años de edad, a los que se les hizo una entrevista y una observación participante que permitieron evaluar la información adquirida incorporada sobre el cuidado de la salud. Resultados: La comparación de los resultados de las respuestas de los niños y las niñas, antes de aplicada la estrategia de promoción y después de ella, y la observación de su comportamiento, demostraron la existencia de diferencias significativas en los niveles de información antes de aplicada la estrategia y después de su realización. Conclusiones: Mediante la estrategia de promoción de salud, los niños y las niñas mejoraron la información sobre lactancia materna, nocividad de hábitos tóxicos, protección contra accidentes e higiene general, lo que se manifestó en sus juegos de roles y en la transmisión de los mensajes sobre los cuidados de la salud a sus familiares

Introduction: Health promotion is an effective action to increase care culture in the population; theearlier in life we begin, more beneficial will be the results. Objective: To determine if a healthpromotion strategy, applied to the preschool infants of Santa Clara Daycare Centers, modify theirinformation level. Methods: It was made an investigation in five Daycares in Santa Claramunicipality, which included 168 girls and boys between four and five years old. They wereinterviewed and it was performed a participating observation that allowed us the evaluation of theincorporated acquired information of the health care. Results: The comparison between the resultsof children answers and the observation of their behaviour, before applying the promotion strategyand after its realization, showed the existence of significant differences in their information levels.Conclusions: Through this health promotion strategy, boys and girls improved their knowledgeabout breastfeeding, the harmful effects of toxic habits, protection against accidents and generalhygiene, all this was demonstrated in role plays and in messages transmission to their relativesabout health cares.

Algunos aspectos clínicoepidemiológicos en el preoperatorio de la catarata senil / Some clinical and epidemiological aspects of the preoperative period in the senile cataract surgery

OBJETIVO: Identificar las principales características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes portadores de catarata senil en el periodo preoperatorio. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en pacientes operados de catarata senil, seleccionados de forma aleatoria, entre junio 2006 y junio 2007, en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr Salvador Allende. Se analizaron edad, sexo, enfermedades sistémicas y oculares asociadas, agudeza visual preoperatoria y ametropías asociadas. RESULTADOS: El 68,58 por ciento de los casos tenía edades entre 70 y 79 años, sin diferencias de sexo. El 92,94 por ciento presentaba alguna enfermedad sistémica asociada, con predominio de hipertensión arterial (44,9 por ciento) y Diabetes Mellitus. Entre las oculares, fueron más frecuentes la lesión del nervio óptico (25,64 por ciento) y el glaucoma crónico (21,15 por ciento). La visión preoperatoria predominante fue 0,1 (25,64 por ciento), mientras que la miopía (72,41 por ciento) y el astigmatismo (61,64 por ciento) fueron más frecuentes en pacientes con catarata nuclear (72,41 por ciento) y la hipermetropía (66,66 por ciento) en aquellos con catarata subcapsular. CONCLUSIONES: Predominó el grupo etario de 70 a 74 años, sin distinción por sexo. La hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad sistémica más frecuente y, entre las oculares, las alteraciones del nervio óptico. La agudeza visual preoperatoria que predominó fue de 0,1. La miopía y el astigmatismo se asociaron con la catarata de tipo nuclear y la hipermetropía con la subcapsular

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main clinical and epidemic characteristics of the patient with senile cataract in the preoperative period. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in patients operated from senile cataract, who were randomly selected in the period of June 2006 to June 2007 at Dr Salvador Allende teaching hospital. Age, sex, related systemic and ocular diseases, preoperative visual acuity and associated refraction errors were analyzed. RESULTS: The 70-79 years age prevailed in 68.58 percent of the cases without sex differences. The associated systemic disease was seen in 92.94 percent of patients, with blood hypertension (44.9 percent) and diabetes mellitus being predominant. Among the ocular disorders, the optic nerve lesion (25.64 percent) and the Chronic Glaucoma (21.15 percent) were the most frequent problems. The predominant preoperative vision was 0,1 (25.64 percent) whereas myopia (72.41 percent) and astigmatism (61,64 percent) were more common in patients with nuclear Cataract (72.41 percent) and hypermetropia (66.66 percent) was mostly found in those affected by subcapsular cataract. CONCLUSIONS: The prevailing age group was 70 to 74 years regardless of sex. The blood hypertension was the most frequent systemic disease, and the optic nerve alterations in the ocular disorders. The preoperative visual acuity was 0.1. Myopia and astigmatism were associated to the nuclear cataract and hypermetropia to subcapsular cataract

Guerra a los boticarios chinos: 1856-1879 / Chinese apothecaries War: 1856-1879

Neste estudo explicaremos um ataque frontal que levou os médicos e, especialmente, os boticários ou farmacêuticos na luta pelo respeito da população para com eles e os mecanismos utilizados para perseguir os chamados maus boticários, à qual são considerados seus inimigos, ao dizer que os próprios boticários letradosnão eram mais que meros charlatães, trapaceiros e vigaristas que lucraram com a ignorância do povo. Nesta investigação foi considerado o período de tempo que se inicia nos anos de 1856, conseguindo assim não só alcançar grande prestígio nacional, encerrando-se no ano de 1879, quando se inicia a guerra do pacífico e todo o desenvolvimento, ou melhor, o futuro incerto do Peru.(AU)