Submucous leiomyoma: an uncommon cause of heavy menstrual bleeding in early adolescence.

Uterine leiomyomas are rare in the paediatric population. This report describes a rare case of a submucous leiomyoma in an adolescent girl. The patient presented with a history of abnormal and painful period which was refractory to medical treatment. Sonographic findings revealed a uterine mass that protruded through the cervix until the upper third of the vagina. A hysteroscopic resection was performed, and a pathological examination confirmed a leiomyoma. 12 months after surgery, there were no signs of recurrence. Conservative sparing-fertility management, such as hysteroscopic resection, is the best option with a type 0 submucosal fibroid, especially in adolescents and young women.

Spontaneous rupture of breast pseudoaneurysm: a rare case.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is a hereditary autosomal dominant disease associated with skin and vascular fragility, hyperextensibility and joint hypermobility. Spontaneous arterial rupture is one of its higher-risk features.The authors describe a case of a woman with EDS type IV who presented with a spontaneous breast haematoma associated with a pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the left internal mammary artery. The patient underwent a minimally invasive endovascular approach that was uneventful. However, 6 months later, she presented in the emergency room with a similar episode on the contralateral breast. There were no signs of active bleeding, and she stayed under surveillance. Nine months later, she was asymptomatic.Aneurysms of branches of the internal mammary artery are rare and prone to rupture. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative, and this case demonstrates that an endovascular approach is a safe treatment option.

Laparoscopic upper pole splenectomy of the simple splenic cyst.

Splenic cysts are rare clinic entities. Non-parasitic cysts are the most frequent cystic lesions of the spleen. In the last decade acknowledgment of the importance of the spleen function, along with development of imaging methods and surgery technics, allowed a conservative approach to be increasingly considered as the best approach in splenic cysts treatment. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman with an asymptomatic simple splenic cyst in the upper pole incidentally diagnosed in a thoracic CT. A laparoscopic upper pole splenectomy was performed on the patient, with no complications. Despite the rareness of this procedure and the fact that it was used in a simple splenic cyst, this article emphasises the idea that this approach is safe, reproducible and advantageous for the patient.