Body image of university students: a systematic review of the characteristics of interventions.

BACKGROUND: Body image is the mental representation of the body and can be influenced by cognitive, biological, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental factors. University students often encounter challenges related to it. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review examined interventions aimed at holistically developing a positive body image within this population. METHODS: The PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PICO method were employed to identify, select, assess, and synthesize studies. The consulted databases included Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, with inclusion criteria targeting body image interventions for university students aged 18 to 39. Study quality was evaluated using the QATSDD tool. RESULTS: Twenty-one relevant studies were identified, primarily from the United States, mostly employing quantitative methods, with a focus on female participants. Various intervention strategies were utilized, including cognitive-behavioral approaches, media literacy, and physical/resistance training, with a growing use of technology like mobile applications. The majority of studies reported effective outcomes, such as reduced body dissatisfaction and increased self-esteem following interventions. Nevertheless, literature gaps were identified, such as the scarcity of formative interventions and limited use of qualitative approaches. CONCLUSION: While technology in interventions offers promising opportunities, careful assessments and judicious selection of evaluation instruments are fundamental for reliable results. Future research should focus on addressing identified gaps, such as exploring more formative interventions and incorporating qualitative methodologies to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of body image interventions among university students.

Distribution of cases of congenital heart disease in a hospital in Oeste Paulista / Distribuição dos casos de cardiopatias congênitas em um hospital do Oeste Paulista

The aim of this research was to conduct a comprehensive spatial-temporal analysis of the population affected by congenital heart anomalies assisted at the Pediatric Cardiology Outpatient Department at the distinguished Western Paulista reference hospital. We conducted a retrospective study involving the analysis of electronic database records and patient medical charts for individuals diagnosed with congenital heart disease during the period from July 2013 to July 2018. A total of 298 medical records were selected for the analysis of variables encompassing the ICD-10 codes, gender, spatial distribution, and temporal trends. It was possible to observe that septal defects were the most prevalent congenital heart abnormalities, and there was no gender-based difference. An increase in diagnoses was noted from 2014, coinciding with the implementation of the "heart test," and 51% of the cases were from Presidente Prudente, with a higher concentration of cases in the industrial park area. There is an association between cardiac congenital malformations and an adverse environmental context. The findings can inform public health policies aimed at reducing the exposure of the most vulnerable population in pursuit of improving health indicators (AU).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos pacientes com cardiopatias congênitas aten-didos no Ambulatório de Cardiologia Pediátrica do Hospital de referência do Oeste Paulista. Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo com análise de dados de base eletrônica e prontuários dos pacientes diagnosticados com cardiopatia congênita entre os períodos de julho de 2013 a julho de 2018. Foram selecionados 298 prontuários para análise das variáveis de CID-10, gênero, distribuição espacial e série temporal. Foi possível observar que os defeitos septais foram as cardiopatias mais prevalentes, não houve diferença entre os gêneros. Notou-se aumento do diagnóstico a partir de 2014, com implementação do teste do coraçãozinho e 51% dos casos eram da cidade de Presidente Prudente, com maior concentração de casos na região do parque industrial. Há uma relação na incidência das malformações cardíacas com o meio ambiente desfavorável. Os resultados encontrados podem guiar políticas de saúde pública, visando reduzir a exposição da população mais vulnerável, na busca da melhora nos índices de saúde (AU).

Comparative Analysis of Capsular and Secreted Polysaccharides Produced by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Cryptococcus neoformans.

Fungal infections are a global public health challenge, especially among immunocompromised patients. Basidiomycetous yeasts, such as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, have emerged as opportunistic pathogens, but have received less attention than Cryptococcus neoformans. This study aimed to characterize the polysaccharides of R. mucilaginosa and compare them with those of C. neoformans, analyzing their clinical implications. Comprehensive physicochemical, mechanical, and ultrastructural analyses of polysaccharides from both species were performed, revealing correlations with virulence and pathogenicity. R. mucilaginosa cells are surrounded by a capsule smaller than that produced by C. neoformans, but with similar polysaccharides. Those polysaccharides are also secreted by R. mucilaginosa. Cross-reactivity with R. mucilaginosa was observed in a diagnostic C. neoformans antigen test, using both in vitro and in vivo samples, highlighting the need for more reliable tests. Some R. mucilaginosa strains exhibited virulence comparable to that of C. neoformans in an invertebrate experimental model (Tenebrio molitor). This study contributes to a deeper understanding of yeast pathogenicity and virulence, highlighting the need for more accurate diagnostic tests to improve the differential diagnosis of infections caused by basidiomycetous yeasts.

Factors affecting successful antituberculosis treatment: a single-center experience.

OBJECTIVE: The identification of factors that influence a favorable antituberculosis treatment outcome could be of great use for the promotion of specific health actions to increase the success rate. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting successful antituberculosis treatment in patients seen at a reference service in the Western region of São Paulo State/Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out from 2010 to 2016 based on the data obtained from the Notification Disease Information System of TB patients treated at a reference service in Brazil. The study included patients with treatment outcomes and excluded those from the penitentiary system or with resistant or multidrug-resistant TB. Patients were categorized as having a successful (cured) or unsuccessful (treatment default and death) treatment outcome. The association between TB treatment outcomes and social and clinical factors was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 356 cases of TB were treated between 2010 and 2016. Among the cases, the majority were cured and the overall treatment success rate was 85.96%, with a range between 80.33% (2010) and 97.65% (2016). After the exclusion of resistant/multidrug-resistant TB, 348 patients were analyzed. In the final logistic regression model analysis, education less than 8 years (OR 1.66; p<0.0001) and people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (OR 0.23; p<0.0046) were found to be significantly related to an unfavorable treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: Low education and being a person living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are vulnerability factors that can affect the successful outcome of antituberculosis treatment.

Cost-effectiveness analysis and budgetary impact of anidulafungin treatment for patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis in Brazil.

Candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis (C/IC) are serious conditions, especially for immunosuppressed individuals with prolonged hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU). This study analyzed the incremental cost-effectiveness and budgetary impact (BI) of treatment for IC with anidulafungin compared to amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABD) or conventional amphotericin B (CAB), in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). A decision model was conducted with a time horizon of two weeks from the perspective of SUS. The primary effectiveness endpoints were survival and treatment response rate. All patients were followed up until successful therapy or death. BI analysis was performed based on the measured demand method. A five-year time horizon was adopted based on the number of hospitalizations (per 1,000 hospitalizations). For effectiveness measured in the successful response rate (SRR), anidulafungin dominated the ABLC and ABD formulations. In the results of the analysis with the effectiveness measured according to survival, anidulafungin had a better cost-effectiveness ratio (R$988.26/survival) compared to ABD (R$16,359.50/survival). The BI estimate related to the incorporation of anidulafungin suggests savings of approximately 148 million reais in 5 years when comparing it to ABD. The economic evaluation of anidulafungin and its comparators found it to be cost-effective. The consensus of international scientific societies recommends it as a first-line drug for IC, and its incorporation by SUS would be important.

Can we predict who will benefit from the deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique for breast cancer irradiation?

Background: The objective was to explore the clinical use of an "in-house" prototype developed to monitor respiratory motion to implement the deep inspiration breath hold technique (DIBH), compare dosimetric differences, and assess whether simple anatomic metrics measured on free breathing (FB) computed tomography scan (CT) can help in selecting patients that would benefit the most from the technique. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients with left breast cancer with an indication of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast only. Treatment simulation consisted of four series of CTs: the first during FB and three in DIBH to assess the reproducibility and stability of apnea. Contouring was based on the RTOG atlas, and planning was done in both FB and DIBH. Dosimetric and geometric parameters were assessed and compared between FB and DIBH. Results: From June 2020 to December 2021, 30 patients with left breast cancer were recruited. Overall, the DIBH technique presented a mean dose reduction of 24% in the heart and 30% in the left anterior descendent coronary artery (LAD) (p < 0.05). The only geometric parameter correlated to a 30% dose reduction in the mean heart dose and LAD doses was the anterolateral distance from the heart to the chest wall of at least 1.5 cm measured on FB (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The prototype enabled the use of the DIBH technique with dose reductions in the heart and LAD. The benefit of the DIBH technique can be predicted on FB CT by measuring the distance between the heart and chest wall at the treatment isocenter.

Perda de Produtividade Atribuída a Neoplasias na América do Sul / Lost Productivity Attributed to Neoplasms in South America / Pérdida de Productividad Atribuida a Neoplasias en América del Sur

Introdução: A carga da doença tem sido empregada em estimativas do impacto das neoplasias, mas a perda de produtividade em razão dessas enfermidades ainda não foi tão explorada. Objetivo: Estimar os anos de vida produtiva perdidos (AVPP) e a perda de produtividade por conta da mortalidade prematura relacionada ao câncer em países da América do Sul em 2019. Método: Dados de mortalidade disponíveis no Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 foram usados para estimar a carga de doença atribuível a neoplasias. A perda de produtividade em termos monetários foi calculada usando um proxy da abordagem do capital humano (ACH). Os cálculos foram realizados por sexo, nas faixas etárias de trabalho. Resultados: O total de óbitos foi de 192.240 e o de AVPP, 2.463.155. A perda total de produtividade permanente foi de US$ 4,4 bilhões e US$ 9,4 bilhões em purchasing power parity (PPP) ­ 0,13% do produto interno bruto (PIB) da região. O custo total por morte foi de US$ 23.617. Houve diferenças significativas entre os países, mas a variação dos cenários mostra robustez das estimativas. Conclusão: O câncer impõe um ônus econômico significativo à América do Sul tanto em termos de saúde quanto de produtividade. Sua caracterização pode subsidiar os governos na alocação de recursos destinados ao planejamento de políticas e execução de intervenções de saúde

Introduction: The burden of the disease has been utilized in estimates of the impact of neoplasms, but the loss of productivity due to these diseases has not yet been explored. Objective: To estimate the years of productivity life lost (YPLL) and lost productivity due to premature cancer-related mortality in South American countries in 2019. Method: Mortality data available from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 was analyzed to estimate the burden attributable to neoplasms. The productivity loss in monetary terms was estimated using a proxy of the human capital approach (HCA). Calculations were performed by sex, in working age groups. Results: The total deaths and YPLL reached 192,240 and 2.463.155, respectively. The total permanent productivity loss was around US$ 4.4 billion and US$ 9.4 billion in purchasing power parity (PPP) ­ 0.13% of the continent's gross domestic product (GDP). Total cost per death was US$23,617. There were significant differences among countries, but the variation of scenarios shows robustness of the estimates. Conclusion: Cancer imposes a significant economic burden on South American, both in terms of health and productivity. Its characterization can help governments to allocate resources for policies planning and health interventions.

Introducción: Se ha utilizado la carga de enfermedad en las estimaciones del impacto de las neoplasias, pero aún no se ha explorado la pérdida de productividad por estas enfermedades. Objetivo: Estimar los años de vida productiva perdidos (AVPP) y la pérdida de productividad debido a la mortalidad prematura relacionada con el cáncer en los países de la América del Sur en 2019. Método: Datos de mortalidad disponibles del Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 fueron utilizado para estimar la carga de enfermedad atribuible a las neoplasias. La pérdida de productividad en términos monetarios se calculó utilizando un proxy de enfoque de capital humano (ACH). Los cálculos se realizaron por sexo, en los grupos de edad laboral. Resultados: El número total de muertes fue de 192.240 y de AVPP, 2.463.155. La pérdida total de productividad permanente fue del orden de US$ 4.400 millones y US$ 9.400 millones en purchasing power parity (PPP) ­ 0,13% del producto interior bruto (PIB) de la región. El costo total por muerte fue de $23,617. Hubo diferencias significativas entre países, pero la variación de escenarios muestra la robustez de las estimaciones. Conclusión: El cáncer impone una carga económica significativa a América del Sur, tanto en términos de salud como de productividad. Su caracterización puede apoyar a los gobiernos en la asignación de recursos para la planificación de políticas y ejecución de intervenciones en salud.

Cost-effectiveness analysis and budgetary impact of anidulafungin treatment for patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis in Brazil

ABSTRACT Candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis (C/IC) are serious conditions, especially for immunosuppressed individuals with prolonged hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU). This study analyzed the incremental cost-effectiveness and budgetary impact (BI) of treatment for IC with anidulafungin compared to amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABD) or conventional amphotericin B (CAB), in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). A decision model was conducted with a time horizon of two weeks from the perspective of SUS. The primary effectiveness endpoints were survival and treatment response rate. All patients were followed up until successful therapy or death. BI analysis was performed based on the measured demand method. A five-year time horizon was adopted based on the number of hospitalizations (per 1,000 hospitalizations). For effectiveness measured in the successful response rate (SRR), anidulafungin dominated the ABLC and ABD formulations. In the results of the analysis with the effectiveness measured according to survival, anidulafungin had a better cost-effectiveness ratio (R$988.26/survival) compared to ABD (R$16,359.50/survival). The BI estimate related to the incorporation of anidulafungin suggests savings of approximately 148 million reais in 5 years when comparing it to ABD. The economic evaluation of anidulafungin and its comparators found it to be cost-effective. The consensus of international scientific societies recommends it as a first-line drug for IC, and its incorporation by SUS would be important.

Factors affecting successful antituberculosis treatment: a single-center experience

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The identification of factors that influence a favorable antituberculosis treatment outcome could be of great use for the promotion of specific health actions to increase the success rate. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting successful antituberculosis treatment in patients seen at a reference service in the Western region of São Paulo State/Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out from 2010 to 2016 based on the data obtained from the Notification Disease Information System of TB patients treated at a reference service in Brazil. The study included patients with treatment outcomes and excluded those from the penitentiary system or with resistant or multidrug-resistant TB. Patients were categorized as having a successful (cured) or unsuccessful (treatment default and death) treatment outcome. The association between TB treatment outcomes and social and clinical factors was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 356 cases of TB were treated between 2010 and 2016. Among the cases, the majority were cured and the overall treatment success rate was 85.96%, with a range between 80.33% (2010) and 97.65% (2016). After the exclusion of resistant/multidrug-resistant TB, 348 patients were analyzed. In the final logistic regression model analysis, education less than 8 years (OR 1.66; p<0.0001) and people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (OR 0.23; p<0.0046) were found to be significantly related to an unfavorable treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: Low education and being a person living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are vulnerability factors that can affect the successful outcome of antituberculosis treatment.

Emergence of Two Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variants and the Rapid Spread of P.1-like-II SARS-CoV-2 during the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil.

The western mesoregion of the state of Santa Catarina (SC), Southern Brazil, was heavily affected as a whole by the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading patterns in the SC state from March 2020 to April 2021 using genomic surveillance. During this period, there were 23 distinct variants, including Beta and Gamma, among which the Gamma and related lineages were predominant in the second pandemic wave within SC. A regionalization of P.1-like-II in the Western SC region was observed, concomitant to the increase in cases, mortality, and the case fatality rate (CFR) index. This is the first evidence of the regionalization of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in SC and it highlights the importance of tracking the variants, dispersion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the public health systems.

Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) as a source of pathogenic human yeasts: a potential risk to human health.

Aim: Invasive human fungal infections have been a serious public health problem among immunocompromised patients. Wild bird species are related to the eco-epidemiology of some infectious diseases, mainly Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis, Aspergillosis, Chlamydiosis, Salmonellosis and allergic diseases. Falconry is the art of training predators for hunting. Nowadays, birds of prey are used as pets, which brings new sources of infections to humans. Materials & methods: We identified fungal pathogenic yeasts, Candida parapsilosis, Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Conclusion: Study new environmental niches of human pathogens is vitally important to establish preventive actions with the purpose of minimizing the risks of human contamination. Our work describes yeast microbiota from the excreta of Parabuteo unicinctus as a potential hazard for human disease.

Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box: a source for repurposing drugs with antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of mycoses is often ineffective, usually prolonged, and has some side effects. These facts highlight the importance of discovering new molecules to treat fungal infections. OBJECTIVES: To search the Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box for drugs with antifungal activity. METHODS: Fourteen human pathogenic fungi were tested against the 160 drugs of this collection at 1.0 µM concentration. We evaluated the ability of the drugs to impair fungal growth, their fungicidal nature, and morphological changes caused to cells. FINDINGS: Thirty-four molecules (21.25%) presented antifungal activity. Seven are antifungal drugs and one is the agricultural fungicide cycloheximide. The other drugs with antifungal activity included antibiotics (n = 3), antimalarials (n = 4), antivirals (n = 2), antiparasitcs (n = 3), antitumor agents (n = 5), nervous system agents (n = 3), immunosuppressants (n = 3), antivomiting (n = 1), antiasthmatic (n = 1), and a genetic disorder agent (n = 1). Several of these drugs inhibited Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth (15 and 20, respectively), while Fusarium solani was not affected by the drugs tested. Most drugs were fungistatic, but niclosamide presented fungicidal activity against the three dimorphic fungi tested. Cyclosporine affected morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: These drugs represent new alternatives to the development of more accessible and effective therapies to treat human fungal infections.

Tuberculosis space-temporal distribution from 2011 to 2016 in the municipality of Maputo, Mozambique / Distribución espacio-temporal de la tuberculosis de 2011 al 2016 en el municipio de Maputo, Mozambique

Abstract: Objective: Carry out a spatial-temporal characterization of the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Maputo, Mozambique. Method: a descriptive ecological study of tuberculosis cases reported in an information system. The annual mean incidence rate and the number of TB notification cases in the municipality of Maputo from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used with calculations of measures of central tendency (mean) and an application of the Poisson linear regression model. Trimester notifications were stratified by district, clinical form, and age group. The quarterly average temperature of the evaluated area was added as a covariate in the model seasonal. Results: 34,623 TB cases were notified from 2011 to 2016, with a trimester average of 1,443 cases. The average annual incidence was higher in the Kampfumo district, with 909.8 per 100 thousand inhabitants (95% CI 854.1 - 968.2); almost twice as much as the incidence of the municipality of Maputo, 527.8 (95% CI 514, 3-541.6), and the country of Mozambique, 551 (95% CI 356 - 787). The clinical diagnosis of the tested cases was higher concerning the bacteriological diagnosis; 44%, and 35%, respectively. Conclusion: Maputo had similar incidence rates to the country of Mozambique, however, there was a heterogeneity rate by district and a reduction in the number of TB cases in both the general population (not co-infected with HIV) and those over 15 years old, being higher in the first trimester.

Resumen: Objetivo: realizar una caracterización espacio-temporal de la incidencia de tuberculosis (TB) en Maputo, Mozambique. Método: estudio ecológico descriptivo de casos de tuberculosis reportados en un sistema de información. Se analizó la tasa de incidencia media anual y el número de casos de notificación de TB en el municipio de Maputo entre 2011 y 2016. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para calcular las medidas de tendencia central (media) y la aplicación del modelo de regresión lineal de Poisson Las notificaciones trimestrales se estratificaron por distrito, forma clínica y grupo de edad. Resultados: se notificaron 34,623 casos de TB entre 2011 y 2016, con un promedio trimestral de 1,443 casos. La incidencia anual promedio fue mayor en el distrito de Kampfumo, 909.8 por cada 100 mil habitantes (IC 95% 854.1 - 968.2), casi el doble que la incidencia del municipio de Maputo, 527.8 (IC 95% 514 , 3-541.6), y el país de Mozambique, 551 (95% CI 356 - 787). El diagnóstico clínico de los casos fue mayor en relación al diagnóstico bacteriológico, 44% y 35%, respectivamente. Conclusión: Maputo tuvo tasas de incidencia similares a las del país, sin embargo, hubo una heterogeneidad en las tasas por distrito y una reducción en el número de casos de TB en la población general (no coinfectados con VIH) y en los mayores de 15 años, siendo mayores en el primer trimestre.

Cross-cultural adaptation of body image assessment instruments for university students: a systematic review.

The theoretical-methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of scales is fundamental for the expansion of research possibilities related to a given area and population, as instrument adequacy allows for the consistent assessment of the construct being studied. This article aims to highlight the different theoretical-methodological processes of cross-cultural adaptations of scales for assessing body image among young university students. The articles were selected in February 2020, with the following search descriptors: ("body image") and (young or "college students" or graduating or graduat *) and ("cross-cultural validation" or "cross-cultural adaptation"), in three databases-Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, without any time restrictions. Altogether, 304 studies were surveyed on the different bases mentioned above, and 14 studies published between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. This study highlighted the methodological procedures used in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, as well as the population, the types of validity and reliability, and also the main limitations, strengths, and results reported in each study included in this review. The information presented in this review will allow new researchers to make more appropriate choices about instruments for assessing body image in young university students, in addition to presenting the methodological evolution on this theme.

Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box: a source for repurposing drugs with antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi

BACKGROUND Treatment of mycoses is often ineffective, usually prolonged, and has some side effects. These facts highlight the importance of discovering new molecules to treat fungal infections. OBJECTIVES To search the Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box for drugs with antifungal activity. METHODS Fourteen human pathogenic fungi were tested against the 160 drugs of this collection at 1.0 µM concentration. We evaluated the ability of the drugs to impair fungal growth, their fungicidal nature, and morphological changes caused to cells. FINDINGS Thirty-four molecules (21.25%) presented antifungal activity. Seven are antifungal drugs and one is the agricultural fungicide cycloheximide. The other drugs with antifungal activity included antibiotics (n = 3), antimalarials (n = 4), antivirals (n = 2), antiparasitcs (n = 3), antitumor agents (n = 5), nervous system agents (n = 3), immunosuppressants (n = 3), antivomiting (n = 1), antiasthmatic (n = 1), and a genetic disorder agent (n = 1). Several of these drugs inhibited Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth (15 and 20, respectively), while Fusarium solani was not affected by the drugs tested. Most drugs were fungistatic, but niclosamide presented fungicidal activity against the three dimorphic fungi tested. Cyclosporine affected morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These drugs represent new alternatives to the development of more accessible and effective therapies to treat human fungal infections.

Cross-cultural adaptation of body image assessment instruments for university students: a systematic review

Abstract The theoretical-methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of scales is fundamental for the expansion of research possibilities related to a given area and population, as instrument adequacy allows for the consistent assessment of the construct being studied. This article aims to highlight the different theoretical-methodological processes of cross-cultural adaptations of scales for assessing body image among young university students. The articles were selected in February 2020, with the following search descriptors: ("body image") and (young or "college students" or graduating or graduat *) and ("cross-cultural validation" or "cross-cultural adaptation"), in three databases—Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, without any time restrictions. Altogether, 304 studies were surveyed on the different bases mentioned above, and 14 studies published between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. This study highlighted the methodological procedures used in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, as well as the population, the types of validity and reliability, and also the main limitations, strengths, and results reported in each study included in this review. The information presented in this review will allow new researchers to make more appropriate choices about instruments for assessing body image in young university students, in addition to presenting the methodological evolution on this theme.

Comparative Study Of Genetic Diversity, Virulence Genotype, Biofilm Formation And Antimicrobial Resistance Of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Isolated From Nosocomial And Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections.

INTRODUCTION: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen, which has aroused considerable medical interest for being involved in cases of urinary tract infection. AIM: Characterize the E. coli isolated both in the hospital and in the community. METHODOLOGY: A total of 200 E. coli isolated in urine samples from hospital and community were evaluated in biofilm formation assay and hydrophobicity MATS method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed through agar-diffusion technique. Virulence and ESBL production genes were observed through the polymerase chain reaction amplification of papC, fimH, fliC, kpsMTII, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV , and blaOXA. The phylogenetic classification was based on the pattern chuA and yjaA and the region TspE4.C2 by PCR Multiplex. RESULTS: A higher frequency of non-adherent or poorly adherent isolates was observed in the community group. Approximately 85% of the community isolates were distributed in the highest hydrophilicity group (p<0.05). The level of resistant microorganisms was present at the same level in both source (p>0.05). About 14% of the hospital isolates were positive in the ESBL phenotypic detection test (p>0.05). Among the samples, 95% presented ESBL-encoding genes. The predominant phylogenetic group was B2 (78%). Community isolates showed a higher prevalence of virulence genes fimH, papC, and kpsMTII when compared to hospital samples. CONCLUSION: These data confirm the worldwide trend that isolates in the community present sometimes higher levels of virulence and antimicrobial resistance.

Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from white coats of health university students.

This study aimed at detecting Staphylococcus aureus from white coats of college students and characterizing antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production. Bacterial samples (n = 300) were obtained from white coats of 100 college students from August 2015 to March 2017 S. aureus was isolated and it´s resistance profile was assessed by antimicrobial disk-diffusion technique, screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), detection of mecA gene by PCR, and determination of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) by multiplex PCR. Congo red agar (CRA) and icaA and icaD genes by PCR were used for biofilm characterization. S. aureus was identified in 45.0% of samples. Resistance of S. aureus sample to antimicrobial was seen for penicillin (72.59%), erythromycin (51.85%), cefoxitin (20.74%), oxacillin (17.04%), clindamycin (14.81%) and levofloxacin (5.18%). MRSA was detected in 53.3% of the samples with SCCmec I (52.8%), SCCmec III (25%) and SCCmec IV (11.1%). Biofilm production was observed in 94.0% S. aureus samples. These data show that biosafety measures need to be enhanced in order to prevent dissemination of multiresistant and highly adhesive bacteria across other university settings, relatives, and close persons.

ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E AMBIENTE: A INFLUÊNCIA DOS Parques verdes urbanos NA SAÚDE / Physical activity and environment: the influence of urban green spaces on health / Actividad física y ambiente: la influencia de los parques verdes urbanos en la salud

ABSTRACT Introduction: Urban green spaces can offer opportunities for regular physical activity, providing benefits in the lives of members of the population, such as physical, social and affective health. The aim of this article consists of analyzing the influence of urban green spaces on physical activity, focusing on urban environmental quality and the health of those who engage in physical activities in open areas. The study has a multidisciplinary approach from the perspective of environmental health. Method: The study design was based on qualitative research, using a bibliographic and document search as well as field surveys, whose technique involved direct observation (DO). The sample selection was based on Miot (2011), consisting of a total of 36 individuals aged between 18 and 40 years, who perform physical activities regularly, at least three times a week, for at least 50 minutes. Questionnaires were also applied using the IPAQ (assessment of physical activity) and Borg Scale parameters. Results: The study showed that the research participants became more active, possibly being stimulated and motivated by their surroundings with widespread vegetation cover, the good infrastructure of the venue and the guidance provided during the research. Conclusion: The research project showed that the greater the frequency and intensity of physical activity in open areas, the better the body's physiological adaptability. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic study.

RESUMO Introdução: Os parques verdes urbanos podem oferecer oportunidades para a prática regular de atividade física, proporcionando benefícios para a vida da população, como por exemplo, saúde física, social e afetiva. O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em analisar a influência dos parques verdes urbanos na prática de atividades físicas, focando-se na qualidade ambiental urbana e na saúde dos praticantes de atividades físicas em áreas abertas. O estudo tem uma abordagem multidisciplinar segundo a perspectiva da saúde ambiental. Método: O projeto de estudo baseou-se em pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e levantamentos de campo, cuja técnica contou com a observação direta (DO). A seleção da amostra foi baseada em Miot (2011), contando com36 indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 40 anos que praticam regularmente atividades físicas, pelo menos, três vezes por semana, por no mínimo 50 minutos. Também foram realizados questionários utilizando o IPAC (nível de atividade física avaliado) e os parâmetros da Escala de Borg. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que os participantes da pesquisa se tornaram mais ativos, possivelmente, sendo estimulados e motivados pelo ambiente com grande presença de vegetação, a boa infraestrutura do local e as orientações feitas durante a pesquisa. Conclusão: A pesquisa mostrou que quanto maior a frequência e a intensidade da atividade física em áreas abertas, melhor é a adaptabilidade fisiológica do organismo. Nível de evidência II; Estudo prognóstico.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los parques verdes urbanos pueden ofrecer oportunidades para la práctica regular de actividad física, proporcionando beneficios para la vida de la población, como por ejemplo, salud física, social y afectiva. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar la influencia de los parques verdes urbanos en la práctica de actividades físicas, enfocándose en la calidad ambiental urbana y la salud de los practicantes de actividades físicas en áreas abiertas. El estudio tiene un abordaje multidisciplinario según la perspectiva de la salud ambiental. Método: El proyecto de estudio se basó en la investigación cualitativa, mediante búsqueda bibliográfica y documental, y levantamientos de campo, cuya técnica contó con la observación directa (OD). La selección de la muestra se basó en Miot (2011), contando con 36 individuos con edad entre 18 y 40 años, que practican regularmente actividades físicas, al menos tres veces por semana, durante al menos 50 minutos. También fueron realizados cuestionarios utilizando el IPAC (nivel de actividad física evaluado) y los parámetros de la Escala de Borg. Resultados: El estudio mostró que los participantes de la investigación se volvieron más activos, posiblemente siendo estimulados y motivados por el ambiente con gran presencia de vegetación y la buena infraestructura del local y las orientaciones realizadas durante la investigación. Conclusión: La investigación mostró que cuanto mayor es la frecuencia e intensidad de la actividad física en áreas abiertas, mejor es la adaptabilidad fisiológica del organismo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio pronóstico.