Nursing Interventions That Promote Sleep in Preterm Newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units: An Integrative Review.

Sleep is a crucial factor for the psychological and physiological well-being of any human being. In Neonatal Intensive Care Units, preterm newborns' sleep may be at risk due to medical and nursing care, environmental stimuli and manipulation. This review aims to identify the nurses' interventions that promote sleep in preterm newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units. An integrative review was conducted following Whittemore and Knafl's methodology and the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The research was carried out on the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ScienceDirect, with a timeframe from 2010 to 2021. A total of 359 articles were initially identified. After selection and analysis, five studies were included in the sample. Interventions by nursing staff that promote sleep in preterm newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units fall within three categories: environmental management, relaxation techniques and therapeutic positioning. Nurses play a vital role in implementing interventions that promote preterm newborns' sleep. They can positively affect preterm newborns' sleep by controlling environmental stimuli and applying relaxation techniques and therapeutic positioning to their care practices.

Alcohol use in adolescence: 5 years admissions at a pediatric emergency department.

Objective To characterize the profile and pattern of alcohol consumption in adolescents, admitted with acute alcoholic intoxication (AAI) at a pediatric emergency department of North Portugal. Methods Retrospective descriptive study of adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years, admitted with AAI between 2012 and 2016. The following variables were evaluated: age, gender, drinking context, quantity and type of alcohol, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), previous episodes, associated injuries, transport to the emergency department, other drug consumption, blood alcohol level (BAL), blood glucose level, treatment and orientation. The χ2/Fisher's exact test and t-Student test were performed (p < 0.05). Results A total of 180 adolescents with AAI presented. The majority of adolescents were older than 15 years old (71%) and 3% were younger than 14 years old. The mean age was 15.9 years [standard deviation (SD) 1.1 years] and 65% were males. The most common type of alcohol consumed was distilled drinks (60%). Recurrent alcohol use was identified in 7% and binge drinking was reported in 37% of patients. The mean BAL was 1.58 g/L (SD 0.6 g/L) and there were other drug consumptions (mainly cannabinoids) observed in 11% of patients. After emergency department discharge, 17% were followed at hospital consultation. There was no significant difference between boys and girls or between BAL and injuries or other drugs consumption. Conclusion This study confirms a high rate of alcohol use among adolescents, in particular "heavy episodic drinking", revealing an easy access to alcohol at this age. The integration of alcohol use prevention programs in community and education systems should be encouraged and implemented in every adolescent consultation.

A articulação intrasetorial na promoção da saúde dos trabalhadores / The intersectoral links in the promotion of workers’ health

Objetivos: relatar as vivências desenvolvidas por meio da articulação Intrasetorial na Promoção da Saúde dos Trabalhadores de reflorestamento no município de Unistalda, Rio Grande do Sul. Método: a metodologia contemplou encenações teatrais, atividades lúdicas, dinâmicas de grupo, gincana educativa, conversas individuais e palestras. O fechamento do processo utilizou abordagem multiprofissional de temas acerca dos problemas de saúde frequentes no grupo. Resultados: a atuação ocorreu por meio de ações assistenciais/educativas acerca da interação saúde-trabalho-doença a partir do perfil dos trabalhadores. As ações problematizaram fatores determinantes do processo saúde-trabalho-doença e comportamentos favoráveis a um estilo de vida saudável. Conclusões: a integração entre Unidade de Saúde da Família, a Empresa de Reflorestamento e o curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões Campus Santiago, possibilitou a promoção de ações assistenciais/educativas voltadas a integralidade do cuidado à saúde do trabalhador.

Objectives: to report experiences developed through intersectoral coordination for Promotion of Health of reforestation workers in the town of Unistalda, Rio Grande do Sul. Method: the methodology included theatrical, recreational activities, group dynamics, educational contest, individual conversations and lectures. The closing of the process used multidisciplinary approach to issues concerning the health problems most frequently raised among the group. Results: the action occurred trough the health care/educative actions about the interaction between health-work-disease from the profile of workers. The actions problematized determinants of the process health-job-seeking and behaviors favorable to a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions: the integration between the Family Health Unit, the Company of Reforestation and graduate course in Nursing of the Regional Integrated High Uruguay and Missions Campus Santiago, allowed the promotion of activities about health care and educational interventions directed to the integrality of health care to workers' health.

Objetivos: reportar las experiencias desarrolladas mediante los vínculos intersectoriales en la Promoción de la Salud de los Trabajadores de reforestación en Unistalda, Río Grande do Sul.Metodología: la metodología incluye actividades teatrales, recreativas, dinámicas grupales, concursos educativos, conversaciones individuales y conferencias. El cierre de los procedimientos utilizó el enfoque multiprofesional en problemas de salud frecuentes en el grupo. Resultados:la acción se produjo mediante acciones asistenciales/educativas acerca de la interacción entre salud-trabajo-enfermedad del perfil de los trabajadores. Las acciones fueron problematizadas con determinantes del proceso salud-trabajo-enfermedad y comportamientos favorables a un estilo de vida saludable. Conclusiones: la integración entre la Unidad de Salud de la Familia, el Compañía de Reforestación y el Curso de Graduación en Enfermería de la Regional Integrado Alto Uruguay y las Misiones Campus Santiago, permitió la promoción de actividades asistenciales/educativas para el cuidado integral de la salud de los trabajadores.

Victims of sexual offences: medicolegal examinations in emergency settings.

The aim of the study was to present some data concerning the examinations of victims of sexual offences in emergency settings conducted by medicolegal examiners of the Lisbon Department of the National Institute of Legal Medicine (NILM) over a two-year period (2002-2003). The study was based on 352 alleged victims of sexual offences referred by investigating police authorities and physicians working at hospital emergency rooms. Examination records were reviewed and data collected according to the extended medicolegal protocol adopted by NILM, which includes sociodemographic variables, and medical and laboratory findings. The results show that examinations in emergency settings represented about 43% of the total examinations of victims of sexual offences, 44% of them being performed at hospital emergency rooms. Victims' ages ranged from a minimum of 93 days to a maximum of 86 years. The mean age was 17.5 years. Females represented about 92% with a large over-representation of those aged from 0 to 19 years (61% of the total). Victims were mainly girls of school age (36%) or under 6 years old (25%). Offenders were male, referred to mainly, as acquaintances/neighbours (32%), friends (24%) or cohabiting family members (20%), a large majority belonging to the victim's social or family circle (85%). Of the examinations requested as "urgent cases" only 61% were reported as having occurred within 72h prior to the examination. Traumatic lesions on the whole body were found in only 28% of the cases, while findings on the genitalia and/or the anus were present in 31%. Medical and laboratory findings were in accordance with some sort of sexual offence in 34% of the cases. Our findings show the great heterogeneity of the victims, with a high proportion of children as well as the interplay between examination requests in emergency settings and the need to define more accurate criteria and proceedings for legal authorities and physicians who are usually the first line of intervention before specialists in legal medicine.