Real-world genomic profiling of acute myeloid leukemia and the impact of European LeukemiaNet risk stratification 2022 update

Backgroung Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid neoplasm associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy selection in AML have changed substantially in the last decade with the progressive incorporation of clinically relevant molecular markers. Methods In this work, our aim was to describe a real-world genomic profiling experience in AML and to demonstrate the impact of the European Leukemia Net 2022 update on risk stratification in AML. Results and Discussion One hundred and forty-one patients were evaluated with an amplicon-based multi-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. The most commonly mutated genes were FLT3, DNMT3A, RUNX1, IDH2, NPM1, ASXL1, SRSF2, NRAS, TP53 and TET2. Detection of FLT3 ITD with NGS had a sensitivity of 96.3% when compared to capillary electrophoresis. According to ELN 2017, 26.6%, 20.1%, and 53.3% of patients were classified as having a good, moderate, or unfavorable risk. When ELN 2022 was used, 15.6%, 27.8%, and 56.6% of patients were classified as favorable, moderate, or unfavorable risk, respectively. When ELN 2022 was compared to ELN 2017, thirteen patients (14.4%) exhibited a different risk classification, with a significant decrease in the number of favorable risk patients, what has immediate clinical impact. Conclusions In conclusion, we have described a real-world genomic profiling experience in AML and the impact of the 2022 ELN update on risk stratification (AU)

Air velocity spatial variability in open Compost-Bedded Pack Barn system with positive pressure ventilation.

In Compost-Bedded Pack Barn (CBP) systems, air velocity is linked with the thermal comfort of housed dairy cattle and bedding quality and, therefore, assessing ventilation efficiency is essential. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize dependence and spatial distribution of air velocity at the 1.5 m height (vair,M) and at bedding level (vair,B) in an open CBP system with positive pressure ventilation. The study was conducted in 2021, in a facility located in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The facility area was divided into a mesh composed of 55 equidistant points, where vair,M and vair,B data were collected in the morning (09:00 a.m.) and afternoon (03:00 p.m.) periods, during three weeks in Brazilian winter. Geostatistics techniques were used to assess dependence and spatial distribution. In both periods evaluated, there were a strong occurrence of spatial dependence and non-uniform vair,M and vair,B distributions. The vair,M and vair,B values were lower than recommended (1.8 m∙s-1) in more than 65.0% of the area. Adequate ventilation levels were observed only in the first 20.0 m of the facility, from Southeast to Northwest, because of the fan lines present.

Real-world genomic profiling of acute myeloid leukemia and the impact of European LeukemiaNet risk stratification 2022 update.

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid neoplasm associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy selection in AML have changed substantially in the last decade with the progressive incorporation of clinically relevant molecular markers. METHODS: In this work, our aim was to describe a real-world genomic profiling experience in AML and to demonstrate the impact of the European Leukemia Net 2022 update on risk stratification in AML. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: One hundred and forty-one patients were evaluated with an amplicon-based multi-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. The most commonly mutated genes were FLT3, DNMT3A, RUNX1, IDH2, NPM1, ASXL1, SRSF2, NRAS, TP53 and TET2. Detection of FLT3 ITD with NGS had a sensitivity of 96.3% when compared to capillary electrophoresis. According to ELN 2017, 26.6%, 20.1%, and 53.3% of patients were classified as having a good, moderate, or unfavorable risk. When ELN 2022 was used, 15.6%, 27.8%, and 56.6% of patients were classified as favorable, moderate, or unfavorable risk, respectively. When ELN 2022 was compared to ELN 2017, thirteen patients (14.4%) exhibited a different risk classification, with a significant decrease in the number of favorable risk patients, what has immediate clinical impact. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we have described a real-world genomic profiling experience in AML and the impact of the 2022 ELN update on risk stratification.

Spatial Distribution of Bedding Attributes in an Open Compost-Bedded Pack Barn System with Positive Pressure Ventilation in Brazilian Winter Conditions.

The objective of this study was to characterize the dependence and spatial distribution of bedding attributes in an open compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) system with positive pressure ventilation during the winter period in Brazil. The study was conducted in July 2021, in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The bedding area (shavings and wood sawdust) was divided into a mesh with 44 equidistant points. At each point, the bedding temperature at the surface (tB-sur) and at a depth of 0.2 m (tB-20) and the air velocity at bedding level (vair,B) were measured, and bedding samples were collected. The bedding samples were used to determine the moisture level and pH at the surface (MB-sur e pHB-sur) and at a depth of 0.2 m (MB-20 and pHB-20). The spatial behavior of the variables was evaluated using geostatistics techniques. For all variables, the occurrence of strong spatial dependence was verified. Through the maps, it was observed that tB-sur, tB-20, MB-sur, MB-20, and vair,B showed high spatial variability, whereas pHB-sur and pHB-20 demonstrated low variation. On the surface, values of tB-sur < 20 °C and MB-sur > 60% were observed. At the subsurface, there was a predominance of tB-20 < 40 °C, MB-20 > 60%, and pH > 9, which are indications of low bedding composting activity.

Effect of probiotic therapy on periodontal tissues and intestinal mucosa of rats with ligature-induced periodontitis / Efeito da terapia probiótica nos tecidos periodontais e mucosa intestinal de ratos com periodontite induzida por ligadura

INTRODUCTION: As periodontitis is caused by dysbiotic biofilm, it is believed that therapy with probiotics can act to control the mechanisms of adhesion and colonization, competing with invading microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate probiotic therapy effect on periodontal tissues and intestinal mucosa of rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. METHODS: 32 Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8): Control Group (CG); Periodontal disease (PD); Probiotic (PROB); PD + probiotic (PDPRO). PD and PDPRO received a ligature over the first lower molars and PROB and PDPRO the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus based were given orally for 44 days. The animals were euthanized and the blood was collected for evaluation of triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. The hemimandibles were collected for histomorphometric and radiographic analysis. The duodenum was removed for morphological evaluation and gingival tissue around the molars was collected for analysis of IL-17. RESULTS: The ANOVA one-way test was used followed by Tukey Test. PDPRO had a significantly lower bone loss than the PD (p<0.05) and a smaller number of osteoclasts on PDPRO when compared to the PD. As for IL-17, there was a decrease in the PDPRO when compared to the PD. The histomorphometry of the duodenum showed that there was a significant increase in the width of the villi in PROB only. CONCLUSION: The therapy with probiotics was effective to avoid the development of periodontitis by reducing alveolar bone loss and inflammation modulation and increasing the width of the duodenum villi, which may help to restabilize the balance of the gastrointestinal tract.

INTRODUÇÃO: Como a periodontite é causada por biofilme disbiótico, acredita-se que a terapia com probióticos possa atuar no controle dos mecanismos de adesão e colonização, competindo com microrganismos invasores. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da terapia probiótica nos tecidos periodontais e mucosa intestinal de ratos com periodontite induzida por ligadura. MÉTODOS: 32 ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=8): Grupo Controle (GC); Doença periodontal (PD); Probiótico (PROB); PD + probiótico (PDPRO). PD e PDPRO receberam ligadura sobre os primeiros molares inferiores e PROB e PDPRO, o probiótico à base de Lactobacillus acidophilus dado via oral por 44 dias. Os animais foram sacrificados e o sangue coletado para avaliação das concentrações de triglicerídeos e colesterol total. As hemimandíbulas foram coletadas para análise histomorfométrica e radiográfica. O duodeno foi removido para avaliação morfológica e o tecido gengival ao redor dos molares foi coletado para análise de IL-17. RESULTADOS: Foi usado Teste ANOVA seguido pelo Teste de Tukey. PDPRO teve uma perda óssea significativamente menor do que o PD (p<0.05) e um menor número de osteoclastos no PDPRO quando comparado ao PD. Já para IL-17, houve diminuição do PDPRO em relação ao PD. A histomorfometria do duodeno mostrou que houve aumento significativo da largura das vilosidades no PROB somente. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia com probiótico foi eficaz para evitar o desenvolvimento de periodontite por reduzir a perda óssea alveolar e a modulação da inflamação e aumentar a largura das vilosidades duodenais, o que pode ajudar a estabilizar o equilíbrio do trato gastrointestinal.

Complexity and heart rate adjustments of diabetic people during isometric contraction.

NTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) can lead to autonomic nervous system dysfunction and heart rate variability (HRV) is often used to assess this system both during rest and during physical exercise. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the autonomic modulation at rest and the responses of heart rate and parasympathetic indices of individuals with DM2 to isometric handgrip exercise. METHOD: The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes; over 40 years, divided into groups, with and without DM2 diagnosis. The collection of resting HRV was performed for 20 minutes in the supine position, and 256 points were selected for symbolic and linear analysis. The individuals performed isometric contraction for one minute with intensities of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % of the maximum contraction, using the parasympathetic indexes RMSSD and SD1 for analysis. RESULTS: Linear and symbolic indices of HRV at rest and those obtained during exercise were similar (p-value>0.05). No association was found between the indices at rest and the responses to exercise, with a slight delay in the response of diabetics in HR and parasympathetic indices being identified. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the groups in the modulation of rest or in the parasympathetic adjustments of the exercise (Tab. 4, Ref. 32).

Mechanical wounding impacts the growth versus defense balance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Plants have evolved elaborate surveillance systems that allow them to perceive the attack by pests and pathogens and activate the appropriate defenses. Mechanical stimulation, such as mechanical wounding, represents one of the most reliable cues for the perception of potential herbivore aggressors. Here we demonstrate that mechanical wounding disturbs the growth versus defense balance in tomato, a physiological condition where growth reduction arises as a pleiotropic consequence of the activation of defense responses (or vice-versa). We observed that multiple lesions on tomato leaves impairs the formation of several growth-related traits, including shoot elongation, leaf expansion and time for flowering, while concomitantly activating the production of defense responses such as trichome formation and the upregulation of defense-related genes. We also provide genetic evidence that this wound-induced growth repression is possibly a consequence of tomato plants sensing the injuries via jasmonates (JAs), a class of plant hormones known to be master regulators of the plant growth versus defense balance. Besides providing a mechanistic explanation on how the growth and defense balance is shifted when plants are subjected to a specific type of mechanical stimulus, our results may offer a practical explanation for why tomato productivity is so negatively impacted by herbivore attack.

The Satellite DNA Catalogues of Two Serrasalmidae (Teleostei, Characiformes): Conservation of General satDNA Features over 30 Million Years.

Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are tandemly repeated sequences that are usually located on the heterochromatin, and the entire collection of satDNAs within a genome is called satellitome. Primarily, these sequences are not under selective pressure and evolve by concerted evolution, resulting in elevated rates of divergence between the satDNA profiles of reproductive isolated species/populations. Here, we characterized two additional satellitomes of Characiformes fish (Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus mesopotamicus) that diverged approximately 30 million years ago, while still retaining conserved karyotype features. The results we obtained indicated that several satDNAs (50% of satellite sequences in P. mesopotamicus and 43% in C. macropomum) show levels of conservation between the analyzed species, in the nucleotide and chromosomal levels. We propose that long-life cycles and few genomic changes could slow down rates of satDNA differentiation.

Long term persistence of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a case of a long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (from March 26 to May 20, 2020) was identified at a private hospital in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The long-term positivity for SARS-CoV-2 in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests of a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 suggests, at least part of patients who recovered, may still carry and transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This fact emphasizes the importance of having at least two negative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test results for SARS-CoV-2. Serological assays were not particularly helpful in the case described, since the patient had very low antibodies titers at the end of the follow-up period. Low viral loads may not be detected by current molecular methods, leading to wrong conclusions regarding viral clearance.

Long term persistence of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection / infecção persistente de longo prazo pelo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, a case of a long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (from March 26 to May 20, 2020) was identified at a private hospital in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The long-term positivity for SARS-CoV-2 in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests of a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 suggests, at least part of patients who recovered, may still carry and transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This fact emphasizes the importance of having at least two negative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test results for SARS-CoV-2. Serological assays were not particularly helpful in the case described, since the patient had very low antibodies titers at the end of the follow-up period. Low viral loads may not be detected by current molecular methods, leading to wrong conclusions regarding viral clearance.

RESUMO Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, um caso de persistência de longo prazo de infecção por SARS-CoV-2, de 26 de março a 20 de maio de 2020, foi identificado em um hospital privado localizado em São Paulo, SP, Brasil. A positividade de longo prazo para SARS-CoV-2 nos exames de reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa de uma paciente diagnosticada com COVID-19 sugere que parte dos pacientes que se recuperaram podem ser portadores e transmitir o SARS-CoV-2. Esse fato enfatiza a importância da obtenção de pelo menos dois resultados negativos para SARS-CoV-2 no exame de reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa. Os ensaios sorológicos não foram de grande utilidade no caso descrito, uma vez que a paciente apresentava baixos títulos de anticorpos no final do período de acompanhamento. Baixas cargas virais podem não ser detectadas pelos métodos moleculares vigentes, levando a conclusões equivocadas a respeito da eliminação do vírus.

Chromosomal and Genomic Dynamics of Satellite DNAs in Characidae (Characiformes, Teleostei) Species.

Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are tandemly repeated DNA sequences with great abundance in eukaryotic genomes. A single species may carry up to hundreds of satDNA families, which is collectively called as "satellitome," each showing its own dynamics and evolution rates. In this context, all live species contain a satDNA library that may be partially or totally shared with other related species/populations. In the late few years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and novel bioinformatic tools facilitated the massive characterization of these sequences at low costs, and consequently, comparing satDNAs between species. In this study, we characterized two novel satDNAs (MsaSat03-80 and MsaSat04-142) in three characid fish (Astyanax paranae and Astyanax fasciatus and two populations of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae) and mapped their chromosomal location to unveil the evolutionary dynamics of satDNA repeats in those species. Our results evidenced that MsaSat03 is present in the genomes of all analyzed species, but is clustered only in the chromosomes of M. sanctaefilomenae, exhibiting a conserved number and location of sites. Conversely, MsaSat04 sequences is restricted to M. sanctaefilomenae and shows a differential distribution between the two analyzed populations. Altogether, our analyses point to a complex history of satDNA families in characid fish and the utility of NGS data for comparative satDNA analysis.

Bone tissue behavior of rats with experimental periodontitis subjected to physical exercise / Comportamento do tecido ósseo de ratos com periodontite submetidos ao exercício físico / Comportamiento del tejido óseo de ratas con periodontite sometidas al ejercicio físico

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is possible that physical activity protects the periodontium by mitigating excessive inflammatory response of the individual. There is some evidence from longitudinal studies and a prospective study demonstrating that physically active adults have experienced a decrease in the risk of periodontitis. To date no study has jointly explored the relationship of physical activity and periodontitis using inflammatory biomarkers. Objective: In this regard, the objective was to assess the bone tissue behavior of rats with experimental periodontitis subjected to aquatic exercise. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) without periodontitis and without exercise (CS); 2) without periodontitis and with exercise (CE); 3) with periodontitis and without exercise (DPS); 4) with periodontitis and with exercise (DPE). The animals from groups CE and DPE had swimming sessions for four weeks and the DPS and DPE groups were subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis. After 30 days the animals were sacrificed, and had their right and left hemimandibles removed for radiographic and histological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed and evaluated through ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: Bone loss in the animals from the DPE group was found to be significantly lower (61.7 ± 2.2; p <0.05) than in those from the DPS group (84.5 ± 1.2; p <0.05), while in terms of the number of osteoblasts (DPS=11.0 ± 1.4; DPE=10.7 ± 5.2) and osteocytes (DPS=17.3 ± 3.1; DPE=19.0 ± 4.4), there was no significant decrease (p <0.05) in the groups subjected to experimental periodontitis, regardless of physical exercise. Conclusion: Physical exercise was found to have a protective effect in relation to bone height and did not influence bone density. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: É possível que a atividade física proteja o periodonto por atenuar a resposta inflamatória excessiva do indivíduo. Há algumas evidências em estudos longitudinais e um estudo prospectivo que demonstram que adultos fisicamente ativos têm tido diminuição do risco de periodontite. Até o momento, nenhum estudo explorou conjuntamente o relacionamento da atividade física com a periodontite, utilizando biomarcadores inflamatórios. Objetivo: Neste sentido, objetiva-se avaliar o comportamento do tecido ósseo de ratos com periodontite experimental submetidos ao exercício físico em meio aquático. Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em quatro grupos: 1) Grupo sem periodontite e sem exercício (CS); 2) Grupo sem periodontite e com exercício (CE); 3) Grupo com periodontite e sem exercício (DPS); 4) Grupo com periodontite e com exercício (DPE). Os animais dos grupos CE e DPE realizaram natação por quatro semanas e nos animais dos grupos DPS e DPE induziu-se a doença periodontal por ligadura. Aos 30 dias, os animais foram sacrificados, sendo retiradas as hemimandíbulas do lado direito e esquerdo para análise radiográfica e histológica. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e avaliados através dos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Resultados: Foi possível observar que nos animais do grupo DPE, a perda óssea foi significantemente menor (61,7 ± 2,2; p < 0,05) do que no grupo DPS (84,5 ± 1,2; p < 0,05). Na quantidade de osteoblastos (DPS = 11,0 ± 1,4; DPE = 10,7 ± 5,2) e de osteócitos (DPS = 17,3 ± 3,1; DPE = 19,0 ± 4,4), não houve diminuição significativa (p < 0,05) nos grupos submetidos à periodontite experimental, independentemente do exercício físico. Conclusão: Foi possível observar que o exercício físico apresentou um efeito protetor com relação à altura óssea e não influenciou a densidade do osso. Nível de evidência: II; Estudos terapêuticos-investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Es posible que la actividad física proteja el periodonto por atenuar la respuesta inflamatoria excesiva del individuo. Hay algunas evidencias en estudios longitudinales y un estudio prospectivo que demuestran que los adultos físicamente activos tuvieron riesgo reducido de periodontitis. Hasta el momento, ningún estudio exploró conjuntamente la relación de la actividad física con la periodontitis utilizando biomarcadores inflamatorios. Objetivo: En este sentido, se pretende evaluar el comportamiento del tejido óseo de ratas con periodontitis experimental sometidos al ejercicio físico en en medio acuático. Métodos: Se utilizaron 24 ratas Wistar machos, divididas en cuatro grupos: 1) Grupo sin periodontitis y sin ejercicio (CS); 2) Grupo sin periodontitis y con ejercicio (CE); 3) Grupo con periodontitis y sin ejercicio (DPS); 4) Grupo con periodontitis y con ejercicio (DPE). Los animales de los grupos CE y DPE realizaron natación por cuatro semanas y en los animales de los grupos DPS y DPE se indujo la enfermedad periodontal por ligadura. A los 30 días, se sacrificaron los animales, siendo retiradas las hemimandíbulas del lado derecho e izquierdo para análisis radiográfico e histológico. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados y evaluados por las pruebas ANOVA y Tukey. Resultados: Se observó que en los animales del grupo DPE, la pérdida ósea fue significativamente menor (61,7 ± 2,2; p < 0,05) que en el grupo DPS (84,5 ± 1,2; p < 0,05). En la cantidad de osteoblastos (DPS = 11,0 ± 1,4; DPE = 10,7 ± 5,2) y de osteocitos (DPS = 17,3 ± 3,1; DPE = 19,0 ± 4,4), no hubo una disminución significativa (p <0,05) en los grupos sometidos a la periodontitis experimental, independientemente de ejercicio físico. Conclusión: Fue posible observar que el ejercicio presentó un efecto protector con relación a la altura ósea, no influenció en la densidad del hueso. Nivel de evidencia: II; Estudios terapéuticos-investigación de los resultados del tratamiento

The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of five Otophysi species (Vertebrata, Teleostei).

Complete mitochondrial genomes of the characiform fishes Astyanax fasciatus, Astyanax altiparanae, Hoplias malabaricus (Karyomorph A) and the Gymnotiformes species Gymnotus sylvius and Gymnotus cuia were characterized in the present study. The whole mitogenomes varied from 16,400bp (A. fasciatus) to 17,730 bp (A. altiparanae) long and all of them consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs genes, a control region, and origin of light-strand replication. The gene order was similar among all the analyzed species. The nucleotide content of all mitogenomes was also similar, with 29.58-30.95% for A, 27.02-28.65% for T, 26.29-29.99% for C, and 14.41-15.67% for G.

Imaginários no cinema de animação: estetização de corpos na interface do cuidado de crianças e adolescentes / Imaginaries in animation movies: the aestheticization of bodies in the interface of the care for children and adolescents

Resumo O artigo objetiva ilustrar como uma produção cinematográfica de animação é capaz de afirmar imaginários sociais e também evidencia a presença destes nas práticas sociais e profissionais nas áreas de educação, saúde e comunicação voltadas para a infância e adolescência. O estudo parte de elementos do repertório imagético de três formas/versões de corpo do personagem Baymax, da animação Big Hero 6, da Walt Disney Pictures, e identifica os imaginários sociais expressos na linguagem fílmica da animação, aqui considerados ponto de partida para refletir sobre as representações culturais e os dispositivos de biopoder da sociedade, nas lógicas consumistas e nas normatizações, padronizações, discriminações e nos controles do corpo, com atenção para os processos que envolvem as corporeidades de crianças e adolescentes. Os resultados evidenciam imaginários sociais que reforçam a padronização estética corporal, com caricaturização do corpo obeso e espetacularização do corpo atlético. As discussões alinham os imaginários a questões que tratam das corporeidades de crianças e adolescentes, especialmente centradas nas práticas sociais e profissionais e nas interfaces: saúde, educação e comunicação. É realçada a importância de uma cultura do cuidado pautada na integralidade e na interdisciplinaridade, que esteja atenta aos processos culturais, educacionais e formativos que ocorrem no contexto da sociedade consumista e midiática.

Abstract The objective of this article is to illustrate how a movie animation feature can affirm social imaginaries, as well as showing their presence in social and professional practices in the fields of education, health and communication directed towards children and adolescents. This study is based on the imagistic repertoire of three body forms/versions of the character Baymax from the Big Hero 6 animation (Walt Disney Pictures), and identifies the social imaginaries expressed in the animation movie language, which are considered here as a starting point to reflect upon the cultural representations and the biopower devices in society, in its consumerist logic, standardizations, discriminations and body controls, focusing on the processes that involve the corporeity of children and adolescents. The results show social imaginaries that reinforce the standardization of body aesthetics, creating caricatures of the obese body and a spectacle of the athletic body. The discussions align these imaginaries to issues regarding the corporeity of children and adolescents, especially focusing on social and professional practices and on the interfaces: health, education and communication. This study highlights the importance of a culture of care based on completeness and interdisciplinarity that considers the cultural, educational and formative processes occurring in the context of a consumeristic and mediatic society.

Changes in the soleus muscular tissue of rats with experimental periodontitis under physical exercise influences / Cambios en el tejido muscular del sóleo de las ratas con periodontitis experimental bajo influencia del ejercicio físico

Until the moment, no study explored conjunctively the physical activity relation, using the inflammatory biomarkers, with the periodontitis. This way, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the muscular tissue behavior of rats submitted to physical exercise in aquatic environment with experimental disease. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: 1) control and sedentary (CS); 2) control and active (CA); 3) with the periodontal disease and sedentary (PDS); with the periodontal disease and active (PDA). On the group that the periodontitis was induced, it was for ligature and the groups with active swimming activity have practiced it for 4 weeks. At the end of 30 days the animals were euthanized and a portion of the gingival tissue and the soleus muscle were removed and underwent analysis by ELISA and morphological and morphometrical analysis of the muscle. Data drawn from the analysis was analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey. Results have shown that there is a higher expression of TNF-α in the gingival tissue and on the muscular tissue of the rats that underwent the induced periodontitis independently of the physical activity (PDS and PDA), as a meaningful decrease on the conjunctive tissue on the groups with induced periodontitis, that have or have not undergone active swimming activity which could suggest a predisposition to muscular injury or difficulty of muscular recovering on these groups. Therefore, it was possible to highlight a correlation between the periodontal disease and the muscle morphological changes, and, moreover, the physical swimming activity promoting an acceleration of the regeneration of the muscle tissue

Hasta este momento, ningún estudio ha explorado conjuntamente la relación de la actividad física con la periodontitis utilizando biomarcadores de inflamación. Siendo así, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento del tejido muscular de ratas con periodontitis experimental al realizar ejercicio físico en medio acuático. Veinticuatro ratas Wistar machos fueron divididas en cuatro grupos: 1) control y sedentario (CS); 2) control y ejercicio (CA); 3) con enfermedad periodontal y sedentario (PDS); 4) con enfermedad periodontal y ejercicio (PDA). En los grupos con periodontitis, la enfermedad periodontal fue inducida por ligadura y los grupos con ejercicio realizaron natación durante cuatro semanas. A los treinta días, los animales fueron sacrificados y una parte del tejido de las encías y del músculo soleo se resecaron y utilizaron para análisis con ELISA y para análisis morfológicos y morfométricos. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados y evaluados a través de los tests ANOVA y TUKEY. Los datos mostraron una mayor expresión de TNF-α tanto en el tejido de las encías como en el tejido muscular de los ratones sometidos a periodontitis inducida independiente del ejercicio físico (PDS y PDA). Se percibió también una disminución significativa en el tejido conjuntivo en los grupos con periodontitis inducida sometidos o no al ejercicio de natación, lo que podría sugerir una predisposición a lesión muscular o una dificultad en la reparación de las lesiones musculares de esos grupos. Por lo tanto, fue posible destacar una correlación entre la enfermedad periodontal y los cambios morfológicos musculares y, además, que la actividad física de natación favoreció una aceleración de la regeneración del tejido muscular

Experimental Periodontitis in the Potentialization of the Effects of Immobilism in the Skeletal Striated Muscle.

This study aims to evaluate if ligature-induced periodontitis can potentiates the deleterious effects of immobilization in the skeletal striated muscle, contributing to the development of muscle atrophy due to disuse. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) Control Group (CG), (2) Periodontal Disease (PDG), (3) Immobilized (IG), and (4) Immobilized with Periodontal Disease (IPDG). Periodontal disease was induced for 30 days, with ligature method, and the immobilization was performed with cast bandage for 15 days. Prior to euthanasia, nociceptive threshold and muscular grasping force were evaluated. Afterwards, the soleus muscle was dissected and processed for sarcomere counting and morphological/morphometric analysis. For data analysis, was used the one-way ANOVA and post-test Tukey (p < 0.05). The IG and IPDG presented lower muscle weight, lower muscular grip strength, and less number of sarcomeres compared to CG. The PDG showed reduction of muscle strength and nociceptive threshold after 15 days of periodontal disease and increased connective tissue compared to CG. The IPDG presented lower muscle length and nociceptive threshold. The IG presented reduction in cross-sectional area and smaller diameter, increase in the number of nuclei and a nucleus/fiber ratio, decrease in the number of capillaries and capillary/fiber ratio, with increase in connective tissue. The IPDG had increased nucleus/fiber ratio, decreased capillaries, and increased connective tissue when compared to the IG. The IPDG presented greater muscle tissue degeneration and increased inflammatory cells compared to the other groups. Ligature-induced periodontitis potentiated the deleterious effects of immobilization of the skeletal striated muscle.

Evidence of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida Species in Tortoises and Sea Turtles.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. recovered from tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.) and sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Eretmochelys imbricata). For this purpose, material from the oral cavity and cloaca of 77 animals (60 tortoises and 17 sea turtles) was collected. The collected specimens were seeded on 2% Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, and the identification was carried out by morphological and biochemical methods. Sixty-six isolates were recovered from tortoises, out of which 27 were C. tropicalis, 27 C. famata, 7 C. albicans, 4 C. guilliermondii and 1 C. intermedia, whereas 12 strains were obtained from sea turtles, which were identified as Candida parapsilosis (n = 4), Candida guilliermondii (n = 4), Candida tropicalis (n = 2), Candida albicans (n = 1) and Candida intermedia (n = 1). The minimum inhibitory concentrations for amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole ranged from 0.03125 to 0.5, 0.03125 to >16 and 0.125 to >64, respectively. Overall, 19 azole-resistant strains (14 C. tropicalis and 5 C. albicans) were found. Thus, this study shows that Testudines carry azole-resistant Candida spp.

Moringa oleifera inhibits growth of Candida spp. and Hortaea werneckii isolated from Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn farming with a wide margin of safety / Moringa oleifera inibe o crescimento de Candida spp. e Hortaea werneckii isoladas da criação de camarões Macrobrachium amazonicum com ampla margem de segurança

This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of M. oleifera extracts against fungi isolated from farmed prawns and test the toxicity of the extracts on larvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum. The ethanol extracts of pods, seeds, leaves, stems and flowers and chloroform extract of flowers of M. oleifera were tested against 14 strains of Candida spp. and 10 strains of Hortaea werneckii isolated from farming water and the digestive tract of M. amazonicum. Antifungal activity was determined by microdilution, based on the M27-A3 and M38-A2 CLSI documents. Toxicity was evaluated by exposing larvae of M. amazonicum at concentrations between 10-1000mg mL-1, counting dead larvae (CL50) after 24 hours. The best results were verified with the chloroform extract of flowers, acting against all tested strains, with MICs ranging from 0.019 to 2.5 mg mL-1. Ethanol extracts of leaves, flowers and seeds acted against 22/24, 21/24 and 20/24 strains, respectively. The extract of pods was only effective against strains of Candida spp. (14/24) and extract of stem only against four strains of H. werneckii (4/24). Extracts of seeds, flowers (chloroform fraction), stems and leaves showed low or no toxicity, whereas extracts of pods and flowers (ethanol fraction) showed moderate toxicity. Thus, the antifungal activity of these extracts agaisnt Candida spp. and H. werneckii was observed, a wide margin of safety for larvae of M. amazonicum, demonstrating to be promising for the sustainable management of effluents from M. amazonicum farming.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica de extratos de M. oleifera frente a fungos isolados de camarões, cultivados em água doce, e testar a toxicidade dos extratos em larvas de Macrobrachium amazonicum. Os extratos etanólicos de vagens, sementes, folhas, caules e flores e o extrato clorofórmico de flores de M. oleifera foram testados contra 14 cepas de Candida spp. e 10 cepas de Hortaea werneckii isolados da água de cultivo e do trato digestório de M. amazonicum. A atividade antifúngica foi determinada por microdiluição, com base nos documentos M27-A3 e M38-A2 do CLSI. A toxicidade foi avaliada por exposição das larvas de M. amazonicum a concentrações entre 10-1000 mg mL-1 dos extratos, realizando contagem de larvas mortas (CL50), após 24 horas. Os melhores resultados foram verificados com o extrato clorofórmico de flores, agindo frente a todas as cepas testadas, com concentrações inibitórias mínimas variando entre 0,019-2,5 mg mL-1. O extrato etanólico de folhas, flores e sementes agiu ante 22/24, 21/24 e 20/24 cepas, respectivamente. O extrato de vagens foi eficaz contra cepas de Candida spp. (14/24) e o extrato de caule apenas contra quatro cepas de H. werneckii (4/24). Os extratos de sementes, flores (fração clorofórmica), caules e folhas apresentaram baixa ou nenhuma toxicidade, enquanto que extratos de vagens e flores (fração etanólica) apresentaram toxicidade moderada. Assim, observou-se atividade antifúngica dos extratos em Candida spp . e H. werneckii com uma ampla margem de segurança para as larvas de M. amazonicum, demonstrando ser promissor para o manejo sustentável dos efluentes do cultivo de M. amazonicum .

A experiência do uso de metilfenidato em adultos diagnosticados com TDAH / The experience of using methylphenidate in adults diagnosed with ADHD / La experiencia del uso de metilfenidato en adultos diagnosticados con TDAH

O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é visto pelas autoridades médicas internacionais como um problema de ordem pública. O TDAH é envolto em questões que fazem urgir o debate acerca dos efeitos do diagnóstico e sua crescente difusão, entre as quais se destacam a recente expansão do diagnóstico para incluir o adulto e o vertiginoso aumento do consumo do metilfenidato. Como o fornecimento público do metilfenidato é contemplado pela Assistência Farmacêutica do Espírito Santo, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos da Política Estadual de Assistência Farmacêutica referente ao TDAH na produção de subjetividade dos sujeitos que solicitam o metilfenidato. Busca-se abordar as experiências dos usuários no curso de seu tratamento medicamentoso. Foram realizadas entrevistas com solicitantes do metilfenidato maiores de 19 anos residentes em Vitória. Como resultado, percebeu-se que os efeitos advindos do diagnóstico e do uso do medicamento são mais diversos do que os comumente relatados e quase sempre experienciados de forma conflituosa e ambivalente. Ao mesmo tempo, tanto a Ritalina quanto o TDAH parecem funcionar como tecnologias subjetivas que, em sua relação com os sujeitos diagnosticados, transformam suas vidas em graus diversos, indicando a necessidade de acompanhamento dos seus efeitos.(AU)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is seen by the international medical authorities as a matter of public order. ADHD is surrounded by issues that stress the importance of debating about the effects of the diagnosis and its growing dissemination. Among them, we highlight recent expansion of the diagnosis to include adults and the skyrocketing consumption of methylphenidate, the main drug indicated for its treatment. Given that Espirito Santo Pharmaceutical Care provides methylphenidate publicly, this article aims to analyze the usage experience of it by adults diagnosed with ADHD, as well as the impact of such a diagnosis in their lives. Therefore, interviews were conducted with methylphenidate users, who were over 19 years old and living in Vitoria. Diagnosis and methylphenidate usage effects found were much more diverse than is commonly reported, and they are often experienced as conflicting and ambivalent. At the same time, as Ritalin as ADHD seem to work as subjective technologies that transform diagnosed people lives to different degrees, pointing to the need to of monitoring its effects.(AU)

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es visto por las autoridades médicas internacionales como un problema de orden público. El TDAH está envuelto en asuntos que hacen urgir el debate sobre los efectos del diagnóstico y su creciente difusión. Entre ellos, cabe destacar la reciente expansión del diagnóstico para incluir al adulto y al vertiginoso aumento del consumo del metilfenidato. Teniendo en cuenta que la provisión pública del metilfenidato es contemplada por la Atención Farmacéutica de Espírito Santo, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos de la Política Estatal de Atención Farmacéutica, dirigida para el TDAH, en la producción de subjetividad de los sujetos que solicitan el metilfenidato. Se busca abarcar las experiencias de los usuarios en el transcurso de su tratamiento medicamentoso. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con los solicitantes del metilfenidato con más de 19 años residentes en Vitória. Como resultado, se encontró que los efectos derivados del diagnóstico y del uso del medicamento son más distintos de los que comúnmente relatados, casi siempre experimentados de modo conflictivo y ambivalente. Al mismo tiempo, tanto la Ritalina como el TDAH parecen funcionar como tecnologías subjetivas que, en su relación con los sujetos diagnosticados, transforman sus vidas en diferentes grados, señalando para la necesidad de acompañamiento de sus efectos.(AU)

A experiência do uso de metilfenidato em adultos diagnosticados com TDAH / The experience of using methylphenidate in adults diagnosed with ADHD / La experiencia del uso de metilfenidato en adultos diagnosticados con TDAH

O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é visto pelas autoridades médicas internacionais como um problema de ordem pública. O TDAH é envolto em questões que fazem urgir o debate acerca dos efeitos do diagnóstico e sua crescente difusão, entre as quais se destacam a recente expansão do diagnóstico para incluir o adulto e o vertiginoso aumento do consumo do metilfenidato. Como o fornecimento público do metilfenidato é contemplado pela Assistência Farmacêutica do Espírito Santo, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos da Política Estadual de Assistência Farmacêutica referente ao TDAH na produção de subjetividade dos sujeitos que solicitam o metilfenidato. Busca-se abordar as experiências dos usuários no curso de seu tratamento medicamentoso. Foram realizadas entrevistas com solicitantes do metilfenidato maiores de 19 anos residentes em Vitória. Como resultado, percebeu-se que os efeitos advindos do diagnóstico e do uso do medicamento são mais diversos do que os comumente relatados e quase sempre experienciados de forma conflituosa e ambivalente. Ao mesmo tempo, tanto a Ritalina quanto o TDAH parecem funcionar como tecnologias subjetivas que, em sua relação com os sujeitos diagnosticados, transformam suas vidas em graus diversos, indicando a necessidade de acompanhamento dos seus efeitos.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is seen by the international medical authorities as a matter of public order. ADHD is surrounded by issues that stress the importance of debating about the effects of the diagnosis and its growing dissemination. Among them, we highlight recent expansion of the diagnosis to include adults and the skyrocketing consumption of methylphenidate, the main drug indicated for its treatment. Given that Espirito Santo Pharmaceutical Care provides methylphenidate publicly, this article aims to analyze the usage experience of it by adults diagnosed with ADHD, as well as the impact of such a diagnosis in their lives. Therefore, interviews were conducted with methylphenidate users, who were over 19 years old and living in Vitoria. Diagnosis and methylphenidate usage effects found were much more diverse than is commonly reported, and they are often experienced as conflicting and ambivalent. At the same time, as Ritalin as ADHD seem to work as subjective technologies that transform diagnosed people lives to different degrees, pointing to the need to of monitoring its effects.

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es visto por las autoridades médicas internacionales como un problema de orden público. El TDAH está envuelto en asuntos que hacen urgir el debate sobre los efectos del diagnóstico y su creciente difusión. Entre ellos, cabe destacar la reciente expansión del diagnóstico para incluir al adulto y al vertiginoso aumento del consumo del metilfenidato. Teniendo en cuenta que la provisión pública del metilfenidato es contemplada por la Atención Farmacéutica de Espírito Santo, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos de la Política Estatal de Atención Farmacéutica, dirigida para el TDAH, en la producción de subjetividad de los sujetos que solicitan el metilfenidato. Se busca abarcar las experiencias de los usuarios en el transcurso de su tratamiento medicamentoso. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con los solicitantes del metilfenidato con más de 19 años residentes en Vitória. Como resultado, se encontró que los efectos derivados del diagnóstico y del uso del medicamento son más distintos de los que comúnmente relatados, casi siempre experimentados de modo conflictivo y ambivalente. Al mismo tiempo, tanto la Ritalina como el TDAH parecen funcionar como tecnologías subjetivas que, en su relación con los sujetos diagnosticados, transforman sus vidas en diferentes grados, señalando para la necesidad de acompañamiento de sus efectos.