Using structural equation modeling to assess the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of heavy metal contamination in the freshwater ecosystems: A study involving Oreochromis niloticus in an urban river.

Chemical pollutants represent a leading problem for aquatic ecosystems, as they can induce genetic, biochemical, and physiological changes in the species of these ecosystems, thus compromising their adaptability and survival. The Capibaribe River runs through the state of Pernambuco, located in Northeastern Brazil, and passes through areas of agricultural cultivation, densely populated cities, and industrial centers, primarily textiles. Despite its importance, few ecotoxicological studies have been conducted on its environment, and knowledge about pollution patterns and their effects on its biota is still being determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality and the damage supposed to be caused by pollutants on the DNA specimens of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) obtained from seven strategic points of Capibaribe. Tilapia specimens and water were collected during the rainy and dry seasons from 2015 to 2017. The following characteristics were analyzed: physicochemical (six), metal concentration (seven), local pluviosity, micronuclei, and comet assay. The physicochemical and heavy metal analyses were exploratory, whereas the ecotoxicological analyses were hypothetical. To verify this hypothesis, we compared the groups of fish collected to the results of the micronuclei test and comet assay. We created a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to determine how each metal's micronuclei variables, damage index, pluviosity, and concentration were related. Our results demonstrated that the highest values for markers of genetic damage were detected at points with the highest heavy metal concentrations, especially iron, zinc, manganese, chromium, and cadmium. The SEM demonstrated that metals could explain the findings of the genotoxicity markers. Moreover, other pollutants, such as pesticides, should be considered, mainly where the river passes through rural areas. The results presented here demonstrate that the Capibaribe River has different degrees of contamination and confirm our hypothesis.

Rastreamento da insuficiência renal crônica em usuários hipertensos e/ou diabéticos / Tracing of chronic kidney disease in hypertensive and/or diabetic users / Seguimiento de la insuficiencia renal crónica en los usuarios hipertensos y/o diabéticos

Objetivo: rastrear a insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) em usuários hipertensos e/ou diabéticos. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 169 registros de pacientes cadastrados no Sistema Informatizado de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Hipertensos e Diabéticos - HIPERDIA. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa CAAE 02392912.1.0000.5208. Resultados: dos 169 usuários, 5,9% eram diabéticos, 63,9% hipertensos e 51 30,1% hipertensos e diabéticos. Dentre os usuários hipertensos e/ou diabéticos, a maioria mulheres com idade média de 55,5 anos. Apresentaram índice de massa corpórea entre sobrepeso e obeso (54,4%). A média da pressão arterial sistólica foi de 128,93 ± 14,66 mmHg e a da pressão arterial diastólica foi de 81,23 ± 7,59 mmHg. O rastreamento da IRC apresentou casos nos estágios I, II e III. Conclusão: é possível rastrear precocemente a IRC no âmbito da atenção básica utilizando-se dos instrumentos da prática diária.(AU)

Objective: tracing chronic renal failure (CRF) in hypertensive and/or diabetic users. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted with 169 records of patients registered in the Information System of Registration and Monitoring of Hypertensive and Diabetic - HIPERDIA. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee CAAE 02392912.1.0000.5208. Results: of the 169 users, 5,9% were diabetic, 63,9% hypertensive and 51 (30,1%) hypertensive/ diabetic. Among the hypertensive and/or diabetic users, mostly women with an average age of 55,5 years old. The body mass index was among overweight and obese (54,4%). The average systolic blood pressure was 128,93 ± 14,66 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 81,23 ± 7,59 mmHg. Tracing the IRC presented cases in stages I, II and III. Conclusion: it is possible to trace the early IRC, within primary care, using the tools of daily practice.(AU)

Objetivo: el seguimiento de la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) en usuarios hipertensivos y/o diabéticos. Método: este es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado con 169 registros de pacientes registrados en el Sistema Informatizado de Registro y Supervisión de los Hipertensos y Diabéticos - HIPERDIA El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación CAAE 02392912.1.0000.5208. Resultados: de los 169 usuarios, un 5,9% eran diabéticos, el 63,9% hipertensos y 51 (30,1%) hipertensos/diabéticos. Entre los usuarios hipertensos y/o diabéticos, en su mayoría mujeres, la edad promedio era de 55,5 años. El índice de masa corporal entre el sobrepeso y la obesidad (54,4%). El promedio de la presión arterial sistólica fue de 128,93 ± 14,66 mmHg y la presión arterial diastólica fue 81,23 ± 7,59 mmHg. El seguimiento de la IRC presentado casos en etapas I, II y III. Conclusión: se puede rastrear temprano la IRC dentro de la atención primaria, utilizando las herramientas de la práctica diaria.(AU)