Sequential sampling of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cotton crop.

The goal of this research was to use the sequential probability ratio test to establish a sequential sampling plan for Aphis gossypii Glover and Frankliniella schultzei Trybom infesting cotton. Field work was conducted at the agricultural experimental station of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados during the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 agricultural years. Aphid colonies and individual thrips in the sampling area were counted and their numbers were recorded. The spatial distribution pattern of A. gossypii and F. schultzei in the cotton culture was aggregated. Sequential sampling plans were developed for aphids and thrips with type I and type II errors set at 0.1, common Kc = 0.6081 (aphids) and = 0. 9449 (thrips), and safety and management levels of 20% (aphids) and 40% (thrips) of infested plants. The sampling plans resulted in two decision boundaries for each species, as follows: the upper boundary, indicating when management (population control) is recommended: S1 = 4.6546 + 0.2849n (aphids), and S1 = 3.6514 + 0.1435n (thrips); and the lower boundary, indicating when population control is not necessary: S0 = -4.6546 + 0.2849n (aphids) and S0 = - 3.6514 + 0.1435n (thrips). The highest probability of error when making a decision was 3% for aphids and 2% for thrips, respectively. The maximum number of samples required to reach a decision was 63 for aphids and 95 for thrips.

Fibrilação atrial no idoso: uma abordagem prática / Atrial fibrillation in the elderly: a practical approach

A incidência da fibrilação atrial aumenta com a idade, bem como as complicaçöes decorrentes dela própria e de seu tratamento, isto é, a anticoagulação. A principal complicação é a embolia cerebral, aumentada no idoso. Infelizamente, a incidência de complicaçöes hemorrágicas graves devido aos anticoagulantes está também aumentada e o ácido acetilsalicílico não se mostrou muito eficaz nessa faixa etária. A disfunção diastólica e as cardiopatias usualmente concomitantes tornam o idoso particularmente sensível às alteraçöes hemodinâmicas impostas pela fibrilação atrial, não sendo raras a dispnéia, as palpitaçöes constantes, a insufuciência cardíaca e as síncopes. Sendo assim, os autores propöem uma ênfase maior na tentativa de restauração e manutenção do ritmo sinusal nessa população, a fim de evitar a ocorrência de embolias sistêmicas sem o risco de hemorragias, além de proporcionar melhora mais eficaz da sintomatologia.

Heart rate variability in myocardial infarction with and without malignant arrhythmias: comparison with heart transplant recipients and normal subjects.

Myocardial autonomic denervation occurs after acute MI. This process is followed by a reduction of heart rate variability (HRV) and an increase of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. This study investigated whether there are any significant differences in HRV among the population of MI who did and did not have malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVAs), normal subjects and heart transplant recipients, the paradigm of the denervated heart. We studied 25 subjects aged 42 +/- 17 years, with normal clinical and cardiac noninvasive evaluation (group A); 70 patients aged 57 +/- 14 years, who had MI but no arrhythmic event in 36 months of follow-up (group B); 13 patients with MI aged 65 +/- 9 years, who had had sustained VT, VF, or sudden death (group C); and 16 cardiac transplant recipients aged 35 +/- 14 years (group D). The ECG was sampled for 256 seconds. We calculated, in time and frequency domain, the standard deviation of the RR cycle length and the spectral component's very low frequency (< 0.05 Hz), low frequency (0.05-0.15 Hz), and high frequency (0.15-0.35 Hz). The values of HRV in group A were significantly greater than in groups B, C, and D (P < 0.001) and greater in group B than in groups C and D (P < 0.001). Groups C and D did not differ (P = 0.610). These data indicate that HRV of patients who have had an MI and MVAs is very similar to that of heart transplant recipients. This is an indirect evidence that myocardial autonomic denervation may play an important role in the genesis of malignant arrhythmic events.

[Thrombosis of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries as the 1st manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus: report of a case]. / Trombose das artérias cerebral anterior e média como primeira manifestação de lupus eritematoso sistêmico: registro de um caso.

The case of a young female patient with hemiplegia and aphasia of sudden onset as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus is reported. The arteriographic study showed occlusion of the proximal portion of the left anterior cerebral artery and of the trifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery. The neurological manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus may appear before there is any clinical evidence of involvement of others organs. The authors think that systemic lupus erythematosus should be suspected in every young female patient with acute cerebrovascular accident of unknown etiology.

Estudo comparativo entre a neuropatia hansenotica e as neuropatias perifericas mais frequentes no nosso meio / Comparative study between the hansenic neuropathie and the more frequent peripheral neuropathies in our way

No diagnóstico diferencial da Neuropatia Hansenótica com as demais Neuropatias Periféricas verificamos que o distúrbio da sensibilidade objetiva e o espessamento do nervo periférico, representam os elementos mais importantes para o diagnóstico.