RESUMO
SUMMARY: The anatomy study is part of the basic cycle of disciplines that composes Veterinary Medicine college curriculum, and its comprehension is essential for other courses subject understanding. However, the current student's profile, the reduced time frame of superior education programs, and the multidisciplinary approach nowadays have made anatomy teaching method outdated and ineffective. Addressing the problem we developed an interactive and multidisciplinary platform based on the blended learning methodology, which could serve as a valuable tool for bovine neuroanatomy comprehension. To produce a new study tool, photos from bovine specimens fixed in formaldehyde, platinated brain pieces sectioned in a metameric order, as well as histological slides of the bovine central nervous system were used. These materials were applied to photos and schemes production, that were correlated with image exams correlation, as well as written content and videotaped classes. The obtained content was compiled into a digital platform, that can serve as an effective additional method to bovine central nervous system study. Furthermore, our results serve as a guide for the development of other blended learning methodologies in veterinary medicine and anatomy teaching. The platform provides a great tool for those who wish to accomplish a better understanding of bovine neuroanatomy and its clinical, surgical and image diagnosis correlations.
El estudio de la anatomía forma parte del ciclo básico de disciplinas que componen el currículo de la facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, y su comprensión es fundamental para el entendimiento de las materias de otros cursos. Sin embargo, el perfil del estudiante actual, la reducción de los tiempos de los programas de educación superior y el enfoque multidisciplinario actual han hecho que el método de enseñanza de la anatomía sea obsoleto e ineficaz. Abordando el problema desarrollamos una plataforma interactiva y multidisciplinar basada en la metodología blended learning, que podría servir como una valiosa herramienta para la comprensión de la neuroanatomía bovina. Para producir una nueva herramienta de estudio, se utilizaron fotografías de especímenes bovinos fijados en formaldehído, piezas de cerebro plastinadas y seccionadas en un orden metamérico, así como láminas histológicas del sistema nervioso central bovino. Estos materiales se utilizaron en la producción de fotos y esquemas, que se correlacionaron con exámenes de imágenes, así como contenido escrito y clases grabadas en video. El contenido obtenido se compiló en una plataforma digital, que puede servir como un método adicional y eficaz para el estudio del sistema nervioso central bovino. Además, nuestros resultados sirven como guía para el desarrollo de otras metodologías de aprendizaje semipresencial en la enseñanza de la medicina veterinaria y la anatomía. La plataforma proporciona una gran herramienta para aquellos que deseen lograr una mejor comprensión de la neuroanatomía bovina y sus correlaciones clínicas, quirúrgicas y de diagnóstico por imágenes.
Assuntos
Animais , Interface Usuário-Computador , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/anatomia & histologia , Neuroanatomia/educação , Software , Educação em Veterinária , Plastinação , AprendizagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The diseases for which Aedes aegypti is a vector are worrisome. The high vector competence of this mosquito, as well as its anthropophilia and ability to adapt to the urban environment, allows it to exploit many habitats, making its prevention an arduous task. Despite current disease control measures focused on the mosquito, the effectiveness in containing its dispersion still requires improvement; thus greater knowledge about this insect is fundamental. METHODS: Aedes aegypti egg morphology and embryonic development were analyzed from eggs of the insectary of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo. Optical (light and confocal) and electronic (transmission and scanning) microscopy were used to analyze the morphological and ultrastructural features of the eggs. Embryos were observed in the initial (0-20.5 h after egg-laying), intermediate (20.6-40.1 h after egg-laying), and final (40.2-61.6 h) stages of development, and kept at a temperature of 28 °C ± 1 °C until collection for processing. RESULTS: Eggs of Ae. aegypti were whitish at the time of oviposition, and then quickly became black. The egg length was 581.45 ± 39.73 µm and the width was 175.36 ± 11.59. Access to the embryo was difficult due to the egg morphology, point of embryonic development, and difficult permeability of the exochorion (mainly in fixation). Only about 5% of the collected eggs were successfully processed. In the initial stage of embryonic development, characteristics suggestive of intense cellular activity were found. In the intermediate stage, the beginning of the segmentation process was evident. In the final phase, it was possible to differentiate the cephalic region and the thoracic and abdominal segments. CONCLUSION: The chorion was found to be an important protective barrier and a limiting factor for the evaluation of the embryos and mosquito embryonic cells, indicating that further studies need to be carried out to identify the reason that this occurs.
