Detection of Mpox Virus Using Microbial Cell-Free DNA: The Potential of Pathogen-Agnostic Sequencing for Rapid Identification of Emerging Pathogens.

BACKGROUND: The 2022 global outbreak of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) highlighted challenges with polymerase chain reaction detection as divergent strains emerged and atypical presentations limited the applicability of swab sampling. Recommended testing in the United States requires a swab of lesions, which arise late in infection and may be unrecognized. We present MPXV detections using plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) sequencing. METHODS: Fifteen plasma samples from 12 case-patients were characterized through mcfDNA sequencing. Assay performance was confirmed through in silico inclusivity and exclusivity assessments. MPXV isolates were genotyped using mcfDNA, and phylodynamic information was imputed using publicly available sequences. RESULTS: MPXV mcfDNA was detected in 12 case-patients. Mpox was not suspected in 5, with 1 having documented resolution of mpox >6 months previously. Six had moderate to severe mpox, supported by high MPXV mcfDNA concentrations; 4 died. In 7 case-patients, mcfDNA sequencing detected coinfections. Genotyping by mcfDNA sequencing identified 22 MPXV mutations at 10 genomic loci in 9 case-patients. Consistent with variation observed in the 2022 outbreak, 21 of 22 variants were G > A/C > T. Phylogenetic analyses imputed isolates to sublineages arising at different time points and from different geographic locations. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the potential of plasma mcfDNA sequencing to detect, quantify, and, for acute infections with high sequencing coverage, subtype MPXV using a single noninvasive test. Sequencing plasma mcfDNA may augment existing mpox testing in vulnerable patient populations or in patients with atypical symptoms or unrecognized mpox. Strain type information may supplement disease surveillance and facilitate tracking emerging pathogens.

Complications of Small Aperture Intracorneal Inlays: A Literature Review.

Presbyopia can be defined as the refractive state of the eye in which, due to a physiological decrease in the ability to accommodate, it is not possible to sustain vision without fatigue in a prolonged manner, along with difficulty focusing near vision. It is estimated that its prevalence in 2030 will be approximately 2.1 billion people. Corneal inlays are an alternative in the correction of presbyopia. They are implanted beneath a laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap or in a pocket in the center of the cornea of the non-dominant eye. The purpose of this review is to provide information about intraoperative and postoperative KAMRA inlay complications in the available scientific literature. A search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus with the following search strategy: ("KAMRA inlay" OR "KAMRA" OR "corneal inlay pinhole" OR "pinhole effect intracorneal" OR "SAICI" OR "small aperture intracorneal inlay") AND ("complication" OR "explantation" OR "explanted" OR "retired"). The bibliography consulted shows that the insertion of a KAMRA inlay is an effective procedure that improves near vision with a slight decrease in distance vision. However, postoperative complications such as corneal fibrosis, epithelial iron deposits, and stromal haze are described.

Discomfort discussing HIV/AIDS and lack of awareness are barriers to partner-to-partner pre-exposure prophylaxis education.

We suggest that people living with HIV (PLWH) may serve as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) educators for partners when informed about PrEP. Participants in this study were a convenience sample of PLWH at a public hospital in Miami. A cross-sectional survey assessed the frequency of serostatus disclosure, PrEP awareness, and willingness to recommend PrEP to intimate partners. To evaluate stigma surrounding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), comfort discussing HIV with family, friends and intimate partners was interrogated. Surveys were completed by 137 participants; 39.5% had potentially sero-discordant sexual partners. Among respondents, 29.2% reported that they 'occasionally' or 'never' disclose HIV status to sexual partners. In all, 66.4% of patients reported that they had never heard of PrEP. After being educated about PrEP, 86.0% of respondents reported that they would encourage partners to use it. Participants were asked how often the subject of HIV comes up in conversations. Most indicated that 'rarely' or 'never' does it come up with friends and family; 46.1% indicated that 'never' or 'rarely' does it come up with partners. In bivariate analyses, participants with prior awareness of PrEP were more likely to indicate higher frequency of conversations regarding HIV with intimate partners. It is concluded that interventions which utilize partner education to increase PrEP uptake should address stigma and knowledge among other barriers.

Invasive Rhinosinusitis Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipient Case Report and Review of Literature.

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a known plant pathogen in tropical and subtropical areas. Few cases have been reported in humans (usually keratitis and endophthalmitis) with only two cases of fungal sinusitis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients published to date. We report a case of invasive sinusitis secondary to L. theobromae in an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipient successfully treated with surgical debridement and triazole antifungals with a review of available literature.

Surgical treatment of localized gingival recessions using coronally advanced flaps with or without subepithelial connective tissue graft

BACKGROUND: A coronally advanced flap with subepithelial connective tissue graft is the gold standard surgical treatment of gingival recessions, since it offers a higher probability of achieving complete root coverage compared with other techniques. However, optimum short- and middle-term clinical results have also been obtained with coronally advanced flaps alone. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results obtained by the surgical treatment of localized gingival recessions using coronally advanced flaps with or without subepithelial connective tissue graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The reduction of recession height was assessed, together with the gain in gingival attachment apical to the recession, and total reduction of recession, in a comparative study of two techniques. Twentytwo gingival recessions were operated upon: 13 in the control group (coronally advanced flap) and 9 in the test group (coronally advanced flap associated to subepithelial connective tissue graft). RESULTS: After 18 months, the mean reduction of recession height was 2.2 ± 0.8 mm in the control group and 2.3 ± 0.7 mm in the test group, with a mean gain in gingival attachment of 1.3 ± 0.9 mm and 2.3 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. In percentage terms, the mean reduction of recession height was 84.6 ± 19.6% in the control group and 81.7 ± 17.8% in the test group, with a mean gain in gingival attachment of 20.5 ± 37.4% and 184.4 ± 135.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Significant reduction of gingival recession was achieved with both techniques, though the mean gain in gingival attachment (in mm and as a %) was greater in test group

Surgical treatment of localized gingival recessions using coronally advanced flaps with or without subepithelial connective tissue graft.

BACKGROUND: A coronally advanced flap with subepithelial connective tissue graft is the gold standard surgical treatment of gingival recessions, since it offers a higher probability of achieving complete root coverage compared with other techniques. However, optimum short- and middle-term clinical results have also been obtained with coronally advanced flaps alone. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results obtained by the surgical treatment of localized gingival recessions using coronally advanced flaps with or without subepithelial connective tissue graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The reduction of recession height was assessed, together with the gain in gingival attachment apical to the recession, and total reduction of recession, in a comparative study of two techniques. Twenty-two gingival recessions were operated upon: 13 in the control group (coronally advanced flap) and 9 in the test group (coronally advanced flap associated to subepithelial connective tissue graft). RESULTS: After 18 months, the mean reduction of recession height was 2.2 ± 0.8 mm in the control group and 2.3 ± 0.7 mm in the test group, with a mean gain in gingival attachment of 1.3 ± 0.9 mm and 2.3 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. In percentage terms, the mean reduction of recession height was 84.6 ± 19.6% in the control group and 81.7 ± 17.8% in the test group, with a mean gain in gingival attachment of 20.5 ± 37.4% and 184.4 ± 135.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Significant reduction of gingival recession was achieved with both techniques, though the mean gain in gingival attachment (in mm and as a %) was greater in test group.