Remineralization of white spot lesions in orthodontic. is that possible? Literature review / Remineralização de lesões de mancha branca em Ortodontia. Isso é possível? Revisão de literatura

Aim: The aim of this literature review is to describe the latest treatment available in the solution of this problem through remineralization. Literature review: A literature review was carried out in various electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library; from 1989 to 2022. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms used in the literature search were in English: "tooth reminaralization", "dental white spot", "orthodontic. Discussion: White spot lesions after orthodontic appliances is an undesired effect seen in dentistry. There is a wide option of agents that offer remineralization by the process of depositing calcium and phosphate ions into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, producing net mineral gain and preventing early enamel lesions progression, including fluoride toothpastes, fluoride varnishes, fluoride mouth rinses, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). Conclusion: Fluoride-based prevention strategies are the agent with the strongest evidence for the treatment of WSL. The dental professional should offer this therapy in the earliest phase of the lesions so that it can be remineralized.

Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é descrever osmais recentestratamentos disponíveisna remineralizaçãode lesões de mancha branca.Revisão da literatura: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura em várias bases de dados eletrônicas como PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library; de 1989 a 2022. Os termos do Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) utilizados na busca da literatura foram em inglês: "tooth reminaralization", "dental white spot", "orthodontics".Discussão: A lesão de mancha branca após utilização de aparelhos ortodônticos é um efeito indesejado observado na odontologia. Existe uma ampla opção de agentes que oferecem remineralização pelo processo de deposição de íons cálcio e fosfato nos cristaisdo esmalte desmineralizado, produzindoganho mineral líquido e prevenindo a progressão precoce das lesões do esmalte, incluindo cremes dentais com flúor, vernizes com flúor, enxaguatórios bucaiscom flúor e caseína fosfopeptídeo-fosfato de cálcio amorfo (CPP-ACP).Conclusão: As estratégias de prevenção utilizandoflúor constituem osagentescom mais evidências para o tratamento da mancha branca. O dentista deve oferecer essa terapia na fase inicial das lesões para que haja remineralização.

Complicaciones de la esofagectomía por cáncer de esófago / Complications of Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

Introducción: La esofagectomía es uno de los procedimientos con más alta morbilidad posoperatoria en cirugía oncológica digestiva. Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones relacionadas con la esofagectomía subtotal programada según variables de interés. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en los Servicios de Cirugía General de los hospitales "Saturnino Lora" y "Juan Bruno Zayas" de Santiago de Cuba, desde 2010 hasta 2019. La población estuvo conformada por 81 pacientes, de la cual se reclutó una muestra aleatoria de 68 enfermos sometidos a esofagectomía subtotal programada por cáncer de esófago. Fueron investigadas las siguientes variables: presencia de complicaciones posoperatorias y tipo de técnica quirúrgica utilizada. Además, se clasificaron en grados según Dindo Clavien. Resultados: Todos los enfermos fueron operados por técnica abierta mediante esofagectomía subtotal programada, donde la resección mediante la técnica de Ivor-Lewis se realizó en el 69,2 por ciento. Para todas las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas predominó la atelectasia (39,7 por ciento) como complicación posquirúrgica, y entre las infecciosas la neumonía en 30 enfermos (44,1 por ciento), mientras que para las complicaciones quirúrgicas no infecciosas el neumotórax fue mayormente incidente, para el 25,0 por ciento. El mayor número de complicaciones se ubicó en el grado II de Dindo Clavien. Conclusiones: La presencia de complicaciones posquirúrgicas de la enfermedad es notable, en correspondencia a lo reflejado por la literatura médica. Existió relación significativa entre la presencia del hábito de fumar, de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y la de toracotomía con algunas de las complicaciones encontradas(AU)

Introduction: Esophagectomy is one of the procedures with the highest postoperative morbidity in digestive cancer surgery. Objective: To describe the complications related to scheduled subtotal esophagectomy according to variables of interest. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the General Surgery Services at Saturnino Lora and Juan Bruno Zayas hospitals in Santiago de Cuba, from 2010 to 2019. The population consisted of 81 patients, out of which a random sample of 68 patients undergoing elective subtotal esophagectomy for esophageal cancer was selected. The variables investigated were presence of postoperative complications and type of surgical technique used. In addition, they were classified in grades according to Clavien-Dindo. Results: All the patients were operated by open technique by programmed subtotal esophagectomy, the resection by the Ivor-Lewis technique was performed in 69.2 percent. For all the surgical techniques used, atelectasis (39.7 percent) prevailed as a postsurgical complication, and among the infectious complications, pneumonia prevailed in 30 patients (44.1 percent), while for non-infectious surgical complications, pneumothorax was mostly incidental for 25.0 percent. The highest number of complications was in Clavien-Dindo grade II. Conclusions: The presence of post-surgical complications of the disease is notable, corresponding to what is reflected in the medical literature. There was significant relationship between the presence of smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and thoracotomy with some of the complications found(AU)

Predictores de complicaciones y muerte en pacientes con esofagectomía por cáncer de esófago / Predictors of complications and death in patients with esophagectomy due to esophagus cancer

Introducción: La morbilidad y la mortalidad continúan siendo altas a escala mundial como consecuencia de la esofagectomía programada por cáncer de esófago. Objetivo: Identificar los factores predictores de complicaciones posquirúrgicas y de muerte, la estadía hospitalaria y las causas de muerte en la población estudiada. Método: Se efectuó un estudio de cohorte de 81 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de esófago, atendidos en los hospitales Saturnino Lora y Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2019, de los cuales se escogió una muestra aleatoria de 68. Para identificar los factores predictivos asociados con las complicaciones y la mortalidad se definieron 2 cohortes de enfermos: los expuestos y los no expuestos a los factores de interés, tales como la realización de toracotomía, las reintervenciones, además de las complicaciones médicas y quirúrgicas infecciosas. Se utilizó el método estadístico de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow con un nivel de significación α= 0,10. Resultados: Si se realiza toracotomía, la probabilidad de que se desarrollen complicaciones quirúrgicas infecciosas es 2,3 veces mayor que si no se lleva a cabo el proceder; asimismo, el riesgo de fallecer por dichas complicaciones (p=0,024), en contraposición a cuando no se presentan, asciende a 370,0 % (IC 90 %: 1,5-14,8). Conclusión: La realización de toracotomía se establece como factor predictor de complicaciones y la presencia de reintervenciones y de complicaciones médicas y quirúrgicas infecciosas como predictores de muerte en la esofagectomía programada.

Introduction: Morbidity and mortality continue being high worldwide as consequence of the esophagectomy programmed due to esophagus cancer. Objective: To identify the predictor factors of postsurgical and death complications, hospitalization and death causes in the studied population. Method: A cohort study of 81 patients with diagnosis of esophagus cancer was carried out. They were assisted in Saturnino Lora and Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso hospitals in the province of Santiago de Cuba from January, 2010 to December, 2019, of which a random sample of 68 was chosen. To identify the prediction factors associated with the complications and mortality 2 cohorts of sick patients were defined: the exposed and those not exposed to interest factors, such as the thoracotomy realization, reinterventions, besides the infectious medical and surgical complications. The statistical method of Hosmer-Lemeshow was used with a significance level of α = 0,10. Results: If thoracotomy is carried out, the probability that infectious surgical complications are developed is 2.3 times more that if it is not carried out; also, the risk of dying due to this complications (p=0.024), in opposition to when they are not presented, ascends to 370.0 % (IC 90 %: 1.5-14.8). Conclusion: The thoracotomy realization is established as predictor factor of complications and the presence of reinterventions and infectious medical and surgical complications as death predictors in the programmed esophagectomy.

Caracterización de pacientes con cáncer de esófago operados mediante esofagectomía programada

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de esófago es la octava neoplasia diagnosticada con más frecuencia a nivel mundial, con 456 mil nuevos casos al año. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con cáncer de esófago que se les realiza esofagectomía subtotal programada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de una serie de casos en los servicios de cirugía general de los Hospitales Provincial "Saturnino Lora" y General "Juan B. Zayas" de Santiago de Cuba desde 2010 al 2019. El universo estuvo conformado por 81 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de esófago, de los cuales se seleccionaron 68 por cumplir con los criterios de inclusión. Fueron investigadas variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se calcularon porcentajes, media aritmética y desviación estándar. Resultados: Se observó predominio de los hombres (88,2 %); dentro de los factores epidemiológicos hubo predominio del hábito alcohólico (75,0 %) y del tabaquismo (58,8 %), la disfagia fue el síntoma más frecuente (48 enfermos). Las lesiones tumorales localizadas en el tercio medio e inferior fueron las más frecuentes. Predominó el carcinoma epidermoide en 52 pacientes y la localización del tumor en el tercio medio esofágico. En cuanto al tipo de resección quirúrgica la más utilizada fue la de McKeown (87,2 %). Conclusión: El cáncer de esófago es más frecuente en varones de la tercera década de la vida, fumadores, consumidores de alcohol y con mal estado nutricional. El patrón histológico predominante es el carcinoma epidermoide vegetante. La esofagectomía transhiatal es la variante técnica más utilizada en su tratamiento quirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most frequently diagnosed neoplasm worldwide with 456 thousand new cases per year. Objective: To characterize patients with esophageal cancer who undergo programmed subtotal esophagectomy. Methods: An observational, descriptive study of a case series was carried out in the general surgery services of the Provincial Hospital "Saturnino Lora" and General "Juan B. Zayas" of Santiago de Cuba from 2010 to 2019. The universe was made up of 81 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer, of which 68 were selected agreeing inclusion criteria. Epidemiological, clinical and surgical variables were investigated. Percentages, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated. Results: A predominance of men was observed (88.2 %); among the epidemiological factors, there was a predominance of alcoholic habit (75.0 %) and smoking (58.8 %), dysphagia in 48 patients was the most frequent symptom. Tumor lesions located in the middle and lower third were the most frequent. Squamous cell carcinoma predominated in 52 patients and the tumor was located in the middle third of the esophagus. Regarding the type of surgical resection, the most used was that of McKeown (87.2 %). Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is more frequent in men in the third decade of life, smokers, chronic alcoholics and poor nutritional status. The predominant histological pattern is vegetative squamous cell carcinoma. Transhiatal esophagectomy is the most widely used technical variant in its surgical treatment.

Causas de impactación de premolares inferiores en pacientes pediátricos. Serie de casos / Causas de impactação de pré-molares inferiores em pacientes pediátricos. Série de casos / Causes of lower premolar impaction in pediatric patients. Case series

Los dientes impactados son frecuentemente observados en la práctica clínica. Sin embargo, la presencia de premolares impactados es una anomalía dentaria poco reportada. Se sabe de una relación genética entre la presencia de varias anomalías dentarias en un mismo paciente, así como en una misma familia. Las impactaciones de premolares inferiores pueden estar asociada a impactaciones palatinas de caninos e incisivos laterales superiores con alteración en forma y/o número. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo describir las causas asociadas a impactación de premolares a través de una serie de 6 casos, en edades comprendidas entre 11 y 15 años de edad. Los resultados encontrados sugieren que las causas asociadas a la impactación de premolares inferiores fueron: retención prolongada de dientes primarios, patrón eruptivo alterado, presencia de supernumerarios, pérdida prematura de dientes primarios y erupción retardada asociada a factor hormonal. Se concluye que la presencia de impactación de premolares apunta a la asociación de varias causas que confluyen observándose no solo una sino varias anomalías dentarias.

Dentes impactados são freqüentemente observados na prática clínica. No entanto, a presença de pré-molares impactados é uma anomalia dentária raramente relatada. Sabe-se de uma relação genética entre a presença de várias anomalias dentárias no mesmo paciente e também na mesma família. As impactações dos pré-molares inferiores podem estar associadas às impactações palatinas dos caninos e incisivos laterais superiores com alteração na forma e / ou número. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever as causas associadas à impactação de pré-molares por meio de uma série de 6 casos, com idades entre 11 e 15 anos. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que as causas associadas à impactação dos pré-molares inferiores foram: retenção prolongada dos dentes decíduos, padrão eruptivo alterado, presença de supranumerários, perda prematura dos dentes decíduos e erupção tardia associada a fatores hormonais. Concluise que a presença de impactação de pré-molares aponta para a associação de várias causas que convergem, observando-se não apenas uma, mas várias anomalias dentárias.

Impacted teeth are frequently observed in clinical practice. However, the presence of impacted premolars is a rarely reported dental anomaly. It is known of a genetic relationship between the presence of several dental anomalies in the same patient as well as in the same family. Among the anomalies associated with lower premolar impactions are palatal impacted cuspids and upper lateral incisors with alteration in shape or number. This investigation aimed to describe the causes associated with lower premolar impaction through a series of 6 cases, between 11 and 15 years of age. The results found suggest the causes associated with the impaction of lower premolars were prolonged retention of primary teeth, altered eruptive pattern, presence of supernumeraries, premature loss of primary teeth and delayed eruption associated with hormonal factors. It is concluded that the presence of premolar impaction points to an association of several causes that converge, observing not only one but several dental anomalies.

Algunas consideraciones en torno al cáncer de esófago / Some specificities around esophageal cancer

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de esófago es una enfermedad presente a escala mundial, sobre todo en naciones en vías de desarrollo. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos biomédicas mediante el motor de búsqueda de información Google académico. Se seleccionaron 24 de 62 artículos; 22 (91,6 %) del último quinquenio, publicados en español e inglés, relacionados con el objetivo propuesto. Objetivo: Describir algunos aspectos del cáncer de esófago, con énfasis en los epidemiológicos, etiopatogénicos y del tratamiento quirúrgico. Desarrollo: El cáncer de esófago es más frecuente en varones, con proporción hombre/mujer de 6:1, aunque en poblaciones de alto riesgo la incidencia es igual en ambos sexos; aunque algunos refieren que la relación es de 3 a 10 hombres por cada mujer, en dependencia de la zona geográfica. Las áreas de alta frecuencia son: Asia, África Central y del Sur. El carcinoma epidermoide y el adenocarcinoma representan el 95,0 % de todos los tumores esofágicos. La esofagectomía abierta o mínimamente invasiva constituye el pilar básico del tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: En la etiología del cáncer de esófago, los factores moleculares, genéticos y ambientales juegan un papel importante. El diagnóstico en etapas avanzadas predomina debido a lo tardío de la aparición de los síntomas y a las insuficiencias en el cribaje. El tratamiento quirúrgico constituye un pilar fundamental para los tres primeros estadios de la enfermedad, acompañada o no de quimio-radioterapia adyuvante o de neoadyuvancia (en el estadio II).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Esophageal cancer is a disease present worldwide, especially in developing nations. A bibliographic review was carried out in biomedical databases using the Google Scholar search engine. 24 of 62 articles were selected; 22 (91.6 %) of the last five years, published in Spanish and English, related to the proposed objective. Objective: To describe some aspects of esophageal cancer, with emphasis on the epidemiological, etiopathogenic and surgical treatment. Development: Esophageal cancer is more common in men, with a male/female ratio of 6:1, although in high-risk populations the incidence is the same in both sexes; although some report that the ratio is between 3 and 10 men for every woman, depending on the geographical area. High frequency areas are: Asia, Central and South of Africa. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma represent 95.0 % of all esophageal tumors. Open or minimally invasive esophagectomy is the basic pillar of surgical treatment. Conclusions: In the etiology of esophageal cancer, molecular, genetic and environmental factors play an important role. Diagnosis in advanced stages predominates due to the late onset of symptoms and insufficient screening. Surgical treatment is a fundamental pillar for the first three stages of the disease, accompanied or not by adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (in stage II).

Edible Mushrooms as a Natural Source of Food Ingredient/Additive Replacer.

Although mushrooms have been exploited since ancient times because of their particular taste and therapeutic properties, the interest in edible species as a source of ingredients and bioactive compounds is recent. Their valuable nutritional contents in protein, dietary fiber and bioactive compounds make them ideal candidates for use in foods in efforts to improve their nutritional profiles. This trend is in line with the consumer's growing demand for more plant-based foods. The present review paper explores different studies focused on the use of common edible mushrooms as an ingredient and additive replacer by using them in fresh, dried, or even extract forms, as meat, fat, flour, salt, phosphates, and antioxidant replacers. The replacement of meat, fat, flour, and salt by mushrooms from commercial species has been successful despite sensorial and textural parameters can be affected. Moderate concentrations of mushrooms, especially in powder form, should be considered, particularly in non-familiarized consumers. In the case of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, results are variable, and more studies are necessary to determine the chemical aspects involved.

Identification of a high-risk group for brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

PURPOSE: Identification of a high-risk group of brain metastases (BM) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could lead to early interventions and probably better prognosis. The objective of the study was to identify this group by generating a multivariable model with recognized and accessible risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective cohort from patients seen at a single center during 2010-2020, was divided into a training (TD) and validation (VD) datasets, associations with BM were measured in the TD with logit, variables significantly associated were used to generate a multivariate model. Model´s performance was measured with the AUC/C-statistic, Akaike information criterion, and Brier score. RESULTS: From 570 patients with NSCLC who met the strict eligibility criteria a TD and VD were randomly assembled, no significant differences were found amid both datasets. Variables associated with BM in the multivariate logit analyses were age [P 0.001, OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-0.98)]; mutational status positive [P 0.027, OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.07-3.56); and carcinoembryonic antigen levels [P 0.016, OR 1.001 (95% CI 1.000-1.003). BM were diagnosed in 24% of the whole cohort. Stratification into a high-risk group after simplification of the model, displayed a frequency of BM of 63% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A multivariate model comprising age, carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and mutation status allowed the identification of a truly high-risk group of BM in NSCLC patients.

Normal values for respiratory sleep polygraphy in children aged 4 to 9 years at 2,560 m above sea level.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects 1%-4% of all children worldwide. Currently, diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea is based on sea-level guidelines, without taking into account the altitude at which the populations live. It has been shown that at 3,200 m of altitude there is an increase in obstructive events in healthy children aged 7 to 16 years; on the other hand, it is known that SpO2 dispersion between individuals becomes wider as altitude increases, a phenomenon that is more marked during sleep. About 17 million Colombians live in regions between 2,500 m and 2,700 m, as do significant populations in other Latin American countries. This research aimed to characterize respiratory polygraphy sleep parameters in healthy, non-snoring children aged 4-9 years living at 2,560 m. We carried out home respiratory polygraphy in 32 children with a mean age of 6.2 years (range 4-9 years). The average recorded sleep time was 7.8 h, the median apnea-hypopnea index was 9.2/h, the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index had a median of 8.8/h (p5 4.2 to p95 17.9) and central apnea a median of 0.4/h. The median SpO2 was 93% (p5 90.5 to p95 94) and transcutaneous CO2 had a median of 39.4 mmHg (p531.7 to p95 42.3). The median oxygen desaturation index ≥ 3% was 11.2 and median oxygen desaturation index ≥ 4% was 3.9. Normal measurements for respiratory polygraphy obtained at sea level do not apply to children at altitude. If such guidelines are used, obstructive sleep apnea will be over-diagnosed, resulting in unnecessary adenotonsillectomies, among other interventions.

Rehabilitación domiciliaria de la epidermólisis bullosa / Home rehabilitation for epidermolysis bullosa

RESUMEN La epidermólisis bullosa engloba un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades crónicas determinadas genéticamente que se caracterizan por presentar ampollas en piel y mucosas. Esta afección infrecuente también es llamada piel de mariposa o de cristal, y puede provocar un retraso en el neurodesarrollo del niño. Las complicaciones son invalidantes, afectan la calidad de vida, y pueden causar la muerte. Se realizó la rehabilitación domiciliaria de un bebé de un año de edad afectado de epidermólisis bullosa simple, con participación activa de los cuidadores; esta rehabilitación consistió en: tratamiento postural, ejercicios respiratorios, movilizaciones de todas las articulaciones, ludoterapia, terapia ocupacional y atención logofoniátrica. Después de 12 semanas de fisioterapia el paciente logró sentarse solo con equilibrio, apareció el reflejo de paracaídas, y sonreía al estimularlo. El tratamiento debe ser precoz (desde el nacimiento), individualizado e integral. El masaje y los agentes físicos están contraindicados porque pueden causar daños en la piel.

ABSTRACT Epidermolysis bullosa is a heterogeneous group of genetically determined chronic diseases characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosa. This rare condition is also called "butterfly or crystal skin children", and it can cause them a neurodevelopmental delay. Complications are disabling, affect quality of life, and can cause death. Home rehabilitation of a one-year-old baby affected by simple epidermolysis bullosa was performed with active participation of caregivers; this rehabilitation consisted of postural treatment, respiratory exercises, joint mobilization, play therapy, occupational therapy and phoniatric-logopedic care. The patient was able to sit alone, acquired sitting balance, parachute reflex appeared, and smiled when stimulating after 12 weeks of physiotherapy. Treatment must be early (from birth), individualized and comprehensive. Massage and physical agents are contraindicated because they can cause skin damage.

Absceso del mediastino anterior / Abscess in the Anterior Mediastinum

RESUMEN Se presenta una paciente de 54 años de edad con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, que ingresa en el servicio de Medicina Interna por dolor torácico intenso, acompañado de falta de aire de moderada intensidad, decaimiento, tos y dificultad para tragar sobre todo los alimentos sólidos. Mediante estudios complementarios se diagnostica un tumor de mediastino anterior, lo que motiva su traslado al servicio de Cirugía General. En el acto quirúrgico se constata absceso del mediastino anterior, el cual se drena mediante esternotomía media, evoluciona favorablemente y es egresada 12 días después de la intervención quirúrgica(AU)

ABSTRACT We present a 54-year-old patient with a history of high blood pressure, admitted to the internal medicine service with severe chest pain, accompanied by a lack of air of moderate intensity, decay, cough and difficulty for swallowing, especially solid foods. Through complementary studies, an anterior mediastinal tumor is diagnosed, which motivates her transfer to the general surgery service. In the surgical act, abscess of the anterior mediastinum is verified and drained by means of median sternotomy. The patient evolves favorably and is discharged 12 days after the surgical intervention(AU)

Ansiedad, gestión conductual del conflicto y estrategias de afrontamiento en profesionales de la orientación laboral / Anxiety, Behavioral Conflict Management and Coping Strategies in Occupational Guidance Professionals

Resumen En el desempeño de sus funciones de atención a personas sin empleo, el orientador laboral se encuentra sometido a diversos y frecuentes estresores generadores de ansiedad; uno de estos estresores son los conflictos. Utilizando una muestra compuesta por 90 orientadores laborales del Servicio de Empleo de Andalucía (España), este estudio pretende poner de manifiesto en qué medida la ansiedad manifestada se encuentra relacionada con los estilos de gestión conductual del conflicto adoptado, y este con las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés. Los resultados muestran elevados niveles de ansiedad (estado y rasgo) en este colectivo, así como asociaciones importantes entre las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en general y los estilos de gestión de conflictos, lo que indica que ambos se encuentran conceptualmente relacionados.

Abstract The employment consultant is normally exposed, when he performs his/her function attending to people unemployed, to different and common stressors, one of these stressors are the conflicts. Using a sample of 90 guidance workers of the Andalusian Employment Service (Spain), this study aims to show to what extent the exposed anxiety is related to behavioral conflict management style, and this last with strategies of coping with stress. Results show high levels of anxiety, as well as significant relations between strategies of coping with stress and behavioral styles of management of conflicts, pointing out that they are related conceptually.

Chromium(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Magnetite Coated by a Polymeric Ionic Liquid-Based Adsorbent.

An evaluation of the chromium(VI) adsorption capacity of four magnetite sorbents coated with a polymer phase containing polymethacrylic acid or polyallyl-3-methylimidazolium is presented. Factors that influence the chromium(VI) removal such as solution pH and contact time were investigated in batch experiments and in stirred tank reactor mode. Affinity and rate constants increased with the molar ratio of the imidazolium. The highest adsorption was obtained at pH 2.0 due to the contribution of electrostatic interactions.

Unremitting cell proliferation in the secretory phase of eutopic endometriosis: involvement of pAkt and pGSK3ß.

OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis is linked to altered cell proliferation and stem cell markers c-kit/stem cell factor (SCF) in ectopic endometrium. Our aim was to investigate whether c-kit/SCF also plays a role in eutopic endometrium. DESIGN: Eutopic endometrium obtained from 35 women with endometriosis and 25 fertile eumenorrheic women was analyzed for in situ expression of SCF/c-kit, Ki67, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt), phosphorylated RAC-alpha serine/threonin-protein kinase (pAkt), Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3ß), and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK3ß), throughout the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Expression of Ki67 and SCF was higher in endometriosis than in control tissue (P < .05) and greater in secretory rather than proliferative (P < .01) endometrium in endometriosis. Expression of c-kit was also higher in endometriosis although similar in both phases. Expression of Akt and GSK3ß was identical in all samples and cycle phases, whereas pAkt and pGSK3ß, opposed to control tissue, remained overexpressed in the secretory phase in endometriosis. CONCLUSION: Unceasing cell proliferation in the secretory phase of eutopic endometriosis is linked to deregulation of c-kit/SCF-associated signaling pathways.

Factores de riesgo del cáncer laríngeo / Risk factors of laryngeal cancer

Introducción: el carcinoma de laringe representa un problema sanitario. El riesgo de cáncer de laringe en Cuba es alto si se compara con otros países de la región. Objetivo: determinar las características de los factores de riesgo del cáncer laríngeo en pacientes ingresados. Material y método: se realizó un estudio, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 95 pacientes que fueron el total de ingresados con el diagnóstico de cáncer de laringe en los Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de Pinar del Río y Hospital Provincial Pediátrico "Pepe Portilla" de Pinar del Río. Se utilizaron los métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos (frecuencias absolutas y relativas), tomando un instrumento para registrar los datos provenientes de las historias clínicas. Pinar del Río, Consolación del Sur y Guane fueron los municipios de porcentajes más elevados. Las localizaciones topográficas más afectadas fueron la transglótica, seguido de la glótica y supraglótica con el mismo porcentaje. Resultados: el sexo masculino de la 8va. década fue el de más alto porcentaje. En cuanto a los hábitos tóxicos predominó la adicción al tabaco y el mayor porcentaje de los pacientes no ingerían bebidas alcohólicas. La enfermedad concomitante más representada fue la hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: la adicción al tabaco sigue siendo el factor de riesgo más relevante.

Introduction: laryngeal carcinoma represents a health problem. The risk of laryngeal cancer in Cuba is high when compared with other countries of the region. Objective: to determine the characteristics and risk factors of laryngeal cancer in hospitalized patients. Material and method: a descriptive, cross sectional and retrospective study was conducted with a total target group of 95 inpatients having the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado university hospital, and at Pepe Portilla pediatric provincial hospital, Pinar del Río. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods (absolute and relative frequencies) were used taking an arithmetical instrument to record the data from the clinical charts. Pinar del Río, Consolación del Sur and Guane municipalities showed the most increased percentages. Transglottic was the topographic region most affected followed by supraglottic with the same percentage. Results: male sex in the 8th decade of life had the highest percentage. Smoking prevailed among the toxic habits and the greatest percentage of patients did not intake alcoholic beverages. High blood pressure was the most concomitant disease. Conclusions: smoking addition continues as the most relevant risk factor.

Emociones negativas y su impactoen la salud mental y física / Negative emotions impact on mental physical health

El miedo, la tristeza, la ira y el asco son estados emocionales que, cuando son intensos y habituales, afectan negativamente la calidad de vida de las personas. En consecuencia, las emociones negativas constituyen actualmente uno de los principales factores de riesgo para contraer enfermedades físicas y mentales. Este artículo pretende, en primer lugar, delimitar los conceptos y las características principales de cada emoción; y segundo, sintetizar los hallazgos científicos que avalan la influencia de las emociones negativas clásicas en el proceso salud-enfermedad. Estos fenómenos psicofisiológicos se han asociado a las enfermedades mentales y físicas como variables influyentes en su inicio, desarrollo y mantenimiento. Por lo tanto, se revisan algunos de los vínculos entre las cuatro emociones negativas y los trastornos mentales. También, se repasan las evidencias que respaldan la influencia de las emociones negativas en el desarrollo de comportamientos de riesgo para la salud física. Por último, se describen algunos datos que apoyan el impacto de la activación psicofisiológica emocional en los sistemas orgánicos, como la inmunidad, los procesos tumorales, etcétera.

Fear, sadness, anger and disgust are considered affective states, that when they become frequentand intense, adversely affect the quality of life. Consequently, negative emotions are regarded as one of the key risk factors in physical and mental illness. Firstly, this article aims to define precisely concepts and key features of each emotion. The second objective of this paper is to show a synthesis of scientific findings supporting the influence of emotional factors, especially classic negative emotions in the process of health and disease. These psychophysiological phenomena have been associated with mental and physical illness as influencing variables in its initiation, development and maintenance. Therefore, the paper reviews some of the links between these four negative emotionsand mental disorders. It also reviews the evidence supporting the influence of negative emotions in the development of risk behaviors to physical health. Finally, we describe some data supporting the impact of psychophysiological activation of emotions in organic systems, such as, for instance, immunity, tumor processes and so on.

Emoción y cognición: implicaciones para el tatamiento / Emotion and cognition: implications for treatment

El objetivo principal del presente artículo es clarificar el término "Emoción" y analizar hasta qué punto las cogniciones son parte esencial en su entendimiento. Para este motivo se realizó una revisión de estudios relacionados con la emoción desde las perspectivas biológica y cognitiva. Desde nuestro punto de vista, existe cierta confusión en el uso del término: por un lado no existe una definición unánimemente aceptada por los teóricos que trabajan en este campo y, por otro, las personas mencionan a menudo "estar emocionados" refiriéndose a situaciones vitales completamente diferentes, por lo que se efectuó además un repaso de la clasificación de las emociones y se concluye resaltando las implicaciones que todo esto tiene en un contexto terapéutico, pues el dominio de estos aspectos puede ayudar a escoger en un momento dado un tipo de terapia u otro (p.ej., exposición versus terapia cognitiva). Finalmente, también se propone la importancia de la "Psicoeducación" centrada en los mecanismos de la respuesta de ansiedad y su relación con las cogniciones como técnica cognitiva.

The main objective of this paper is to clarify the term "Emotion" and analyze to what extent cognitions are central in its understanding. For this reason, a review of studies related to emotion from biological and cognitive perspectives was made. From our point of view, there is some confusion in the use of this construct. On the one hand, there is no universally accepted definition by theorists working in this field. On the other hand, people often mention feeling "emotionated" referring to completely different life situations. Thus, a review of the classification of emotions also was done and it concludes by emphasizing the implications of all this in a therapeutic setting, as the mastery of these issues could help to select, at any given time, the more efficient therapy modality (i.e. exposure versus cognitive therapy). Finally, it is also proposed the importance of "Psychoeducation" focused on the mechanisms of anxiety response and its relationship with cognitions as a cognitive technique.

Implicaciones de la inteligencia emocional en la salud y el bienestar emocional / Emotional intelligence (EI) implications in health and emotional welfare

En este artículo hemos intentado agrupar los resultados de distintas investigaciones en relación a la IE y a la salud física y mental. Una de las conclusiones que obtenemos es que tanto la IE percibida mediante autoinforme (TMMS, etc.) como la IE de ejecución (MSCEIT) están relacionadas con la salud y el bienestar de las personas. Del mismo modo, las medidas de las puntuaciones globales del MSCEIT para diferentes poblaciones clínicas (Esquizofrenia, SIDA, Depresión, etc.) nos dan una visión del continuo normalidad-psicopatología, siendo las puntuaciones más altas en IE del MSCEIT de las que se asocian positivamente a salud personal y estado emocional estable.

In this article, we are tried to group the results from different researches related to EI and physic and mental health. One of the conclusions we have is that EI perceived through report (TMMS, etc.) as well as EI executed (MSCEIT) are related to people’s health and welfare. Likewise, the average of MSCEIT grades for different clinic group of people (schizophrenia, AIDS, Depresion, etc.) and non – clinic groups of people (university students, students, etc.), give us a vision of psychopathology- normal continuum, being the highest grades in EI of MSCEIT the ones which are positively related to personal health and stable emotional state.