Efectividad de una intervención educativa para modificar conocimientos sobre estilos de vida en pacientes hipertensos / Effectiveness of an educational intervention to modify knowledge about lifestyles in hypertensive patients

RESUMEN Fundamento: la hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad de elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial, a menudo con graves consecuencias para la vida de las personas que la padecen. Objetivo: valorar la efectividad de un programa de intervención educativa para modificar conocimientos sobre estilos de vida saludables en pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: se realizó una investigación acción en el consultorio médico de familia 17-5 del Policlínico Universitario "Chiqui Gómez-Lubián" de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, entre enero-marzo de 2020. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción e histórico-lógico; empíricos: análisis documental y encuesta en forma de cuestionario a los pacientes antes y después de aplicado el programa; para valorar su efectividad se realizó un análisis estadístico. Resultados: el diagnóstico aplicado demostró que la mayoría de los pacientes tenían desconocimiento sobre su enfermedad y estilos de vida saludables relacionados con los beneficios de sus medicamentos para controlar la hipertensión, la educación nutricional, ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas, el hábito de fumar, el ejercicio físico, el estrés, la obesidad y el consumo de café, por lo que se aplicó una programa de intervención educativa que fue valorado por especialistas. Conclusiones: su efectividad se evidenció porque se modificaron de forma significativa los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad y las prácticas inadecuadas de estilos de vida de los pacientes muestreados.

ABSTRACT Background: hypertension is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, often with serious consequences for the live of people who suffer from it. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention program to modify knowledge about healthy lifestyles in hypertensive patients. Methods: an action research was carried out in the family doctor's office 17-5 of the "Chiqui Gómez-Lubián" University Polyclinic of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, from January toMarch 2020. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction- deduction and historical-logical; empirical ones: documentary analysis and survey in the form of a questionnaire to patients before and after applying the program; to assess its effectiveness, a statistical analysis was carried out. Results: the applied diagnosis showed that most of the patients had ignorance about their disease and healthy lifestyles related to drug benefits to control hypertension, nutritional education, ingestion of alcoholic beverages, smoking, physical exercises, stress, obesity and coffee intake, for which an educational intervention program was applied that was assessed by specialists. Conclusions: its effectiveness was evidenced because knowledge about the disease and inappropriate lifestyle practices of the sampled patients were significantly modified.

Implementing a Learning Collaborative Framework for States Working to Improve Outcomes for Vulnerable Populations: The Opioid Use Disorder, Maternal Outcomes, and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Initiative Learning Community.

The opioid crisis has impacted vulnerable populations, specifically pregnant and postpartum women, and infants prenatally exposed to substances, including infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Lack of access to clinical and social services; potential stigma or discrimination; and lack of resources for provision of services, including screening and treatment, have impacted the health of these populations. In 2018, using a systems change approach, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened an Opioid use disorder, Maternal outcomes, Neonatal abstinence syndrome Initiative Learning Community (OMNI LC) that included other federal agencies, national clinical and nonclinical organizations, and 12 state leadership groups. The purpose of the OMNI LC was to determine areas of focus and identify strategies and best practices for implementing systems change to improve maternal and infant outcomes associated with opioid use disorder (OUD) during the perinatal period. Activities included in-person convenings with policy goal action plan development, virtual learning sessions, intensive technical assistance (TA), and temporary field placements. The OMNI LC partnering agencies and state teams met bimonthly for the first year of the initiative. At the in-person convening, state teams identified barriers to developing and implementing systems change in activity-specific action plans within five areas of focus: financing and coverage; access to and coordination of quality services; provider training and awareness; ethical, legal, and social considerations; and data, monitoring, and evaluation. State teams also identified stakeholder partnerships as a necessary component of strategy development in all areas of focus. Four virtual learning sessions were conducted on the areas of focus identified by state teams, and ASTHO conducted three intensive TA opportunities, and five states were identified for temporary field placement. To successfully address the impact of the opioid crisis on pregnant and postpartum women and infants, states developed innovative strategies focused on increasing support, services, and resources. Moving forward, state teams will participate in two additional in-person meetings, continue to identify barriers to the work, refine and customize action plans, and set new goals, to effect broad-ranging systems change for these vulnerable populations.

Prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal en los estudiantes del área de la salud - Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), 1993 / Prevalence of intestinal parasites in students of health area-UASD, 1993

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo para detrminar la prevalencia de parasitismo instestinal en los estudiantes del área de la salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), República Dominicana, para el cual se tomó un total de 193 estudiantes que cursaban la práctica de parasitología y microbiología durante el semestre 1990-1991; se les realizóla toma de muestra de materia fecal, procesándola por la técnica de coprología de Ritchie. Se determinó que 118 fueron parasitadas (61 por ciento ), no parasitadas 75 (39 por ciento ) y que las especies parasitarias más frecuentemente encontradas fueron: Entamoeba coli con 82 casos (69 por ciento ), ascaris lumbricoides 67 casos (56.7 por ciento ), giardia lambia 65 (55 por ciento ), unicarias SP 46 (39 por ciento ), entamoeba histolítica 42 (36 por ciento ), H nana 34 (29 por ciento ), trichuri trichuria 28 (24.0 por ciento ) y enterobios vermicularis 26 casos (22 por ciento ). Se concluye diciendo que a pesar de ser estudiantes del área de la salud, los estudiados no aplican las medidas que se les enseñan, permaneciendo con el mismo problema de salubridad de la población general