Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Presentation.

Prostate cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer in men around the world, and it typically metastasizes to bone, lung, and liver. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement by prostate cancer is rare, as patients tend to present with upper and lower GI bleed among other symptoms not related to prostate cancer, which commonly include lower urinary tract symptoms such as urinary frequency, dribbling of urine, or urinary retention. In cases of patients with prostate cancer and symptoms from the GI system, colonoscopy and biopsy of lesions should be performed to allow physicians to make an accurate and prompt diagnosis in patients with metastatic prostate cancer with rectal involvement. We present a case of a patient who initially complained of melena and was found to have a rectal nodule with biopsy-proven metastatic prostate cancer.

Optic Nerve Infiltration in Systemic Lymphoma in an HIV Patient.

Different mechanisms have been proposed in lymphomatous involvement of the optic nerve. They include isolated optic nerve lymphoma, optic nerve lymphoma associated with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, or with systemic lymphoma. We present one case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the optic nerve in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patient and discuss the mechanism of metastasis, classification of optic nerve involvement with clinical and radiologic features as well as treatment options. Despite the uncommon nature of optic nerve infiltration by lymphoma, prompt evaluation should be considered in patients with a history of lymphoma and visual symptoms as delays in treatment can result in permanent vision loss. The recommended initial workup includes neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation. Treatment options are not standardized but include intravenous and intrathecal chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and radiation.