Synthesis of vinyl-terminated Au nanoprisms and nanooctahedra mediated by 3-butenoic acid: direct Au@pNIPAM fabrication with improved SERS capabilities.

Here we describe the first seedless synthesis of vinyl-terminated Au nanotriangular prisms (AuNTPs) and nanooctahedra (AuNOC) in aqueous media. This synthesis is performed by chemical reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with 3-butenoic acid (3BA) in the presence of benzyldimethylammonium chloride (BDAC). The principal novelties of the presented method are the use of a mixture of 3BA and BDAC, the synthesis of gold prisms and octahedra with controllable size, and the presence of terminal double bonds on the metal surface. Initially this method produces a mixture of triangular gold nanoprisms and octahedra; however, both morphologies are successfully separated by surfactant micelle induced depletion interaction, reaching percentages up to ∼90%. Moreover, the alkene moieties present on the gold surface are exploited for the fabrication of hybrid core@shell particles. Gold octahedra and triangular prisms are easily encapsulated by free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). Finally, in order to obtain a gold core with the most number of tips, AuNTP@pNIPAM microgels were subjected to gold core overgrowth, thus resulting in star-shaped nanoparticles (AuSTs@pNIPAM). We use 4-amino-benzenethiol as the model analyte for SERS investigations. As expected, gold cores with tips and high curvature sites produced the highest plasmonic responses.

Laser-assisted production of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles in water.

TiO(2) nanoparticles with controllable average diameter have been obtained by laser ablation in water. A monomode ytterbium doped fiber laser (YDFL) was used to ablate a metallic titanium target placed in deionized water. The resulting colloidal solutions were subjected to laser radiation to study the resizing effect. The crystalline phases, morphology and optical properties of the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The colloidal suspensions produced consisting of titanium dioxide crystalline nanoparticles show almost perfect spherical shape with diameters ranging from 3 to 40 nm. The nanoparticles are polycrystalline and exhibit anatase as well as rutile phases.

Guía de buenas prácticas clínicas: asma bronquial en el niño / Guide to good clinical practices: bronchial asthma in children

El Asma Bronquial es la enfermedad crónica no transmisible de mayor prevalencia en la infancia mundialmente y en Cuba por lo que se considera un problema de salud. Su prevalencia ha aumentado en las últimas décadas siendo mal diagnosticada y tratada. Existe desinformación del personal médico, paramédico, enfermos y familiares sobre su prevención, correcto diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento. Por lo que desde el año 2006 el servicio de respiratorio y alergia del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Holguín realiza talleres y cursos de capacitación, con el fin de actualizar los conocimientos y unificar criterios en el manejo integral del niño asmático en todos los niveles de atención y de esta forma mejorar la calidad de vida de los mismos, para lo que se elaboró esta Guía de Buenas Prácticas Clínicas.

[Structure and interrelations between different levels of care]. / Estructura e interrelación entre los distintos niveles asistenciales.

This is a descriptive study of the degree of interrelation between the primary and secondary levels of care in the Spanish health system. The referrals to the specialized milieu are analyzed and the magnitude and quality of the information received by the primary care physician is evaluated. The referrals from the Santoña outpatient clinic during 33 days are evaluated. Out of 5692 consultations, 259 patients were referred (4.55%). 16.2% of the referrals were made on an emergency basis. The most common specialties to which patients were referred were ophthalmology, traumatology, hospital, oto-rhino-laryngology, gynecology and dermatology. In 54.44% of referrals no response from the specialized milieu was obtained. In 41.6% of referrals with a response the quality of the information was poor. In 70% of the responses there was a mention of a diagnosis and in 66.1% a therapy was prescribed. The severe deficiencies in the interrelation between the different levels of care are shown; we propose as solutions the creation of internal pathways of communication and the unification of criteria between specialists and primary care physicians.