Oftalmología domiciliaria: una necesidad creciente / Home care ophthalmology: A growing need

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se estima que la población dependiente está en aumento, evitando que muchos puedan desplazarse a su hospital buscando asistencia. OBJETIVO: Analizar la población diana subsidiaria de atención oftalmológica. Secundariamente, elaboración de un protocolo a partir de unos casos concretos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se recogieron todos los casos de atención domiciliaria en patología oftalmológica desde 2011 a 2018 en el hospital do Salnés, de forma retrospectiva, y se analizaron las características de la exploración y de la patología. Se estableció un protocolo de exploración. RESULTADOS: Solo se atendieron a 7 pacientes a domicilio (petición expresa de la familia), todos ellos con movilidad reducida, y se resolvió la patología en 1,4 visitas de media. El 43% fueron nuevos diagnósticos y el 56% ya conocidos. DISCUSIÓN: Estimamos que, en nuestro medio, un 4,15% de la población requeriría atención oftalmológica domiciliaria. Desde nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer protocolo elaborado a tal efecto. CONCLUSIONES: Es posible y necesaria la atención domiciliaria en oftalmología con buena calidad asistencial. Para ello es necesaria la adopción de protocolos y la estandarización de este proceso

INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that the dependent population is on the rise, with many of them unable to have hospital care due to mobility problems. PURPOSE: To determine the ophthalmic needs of this population, as well as to establish an examination protocol, using our experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All cases of home care in Ophthalmology from 2011 to 2018 in Hospital do Salnés (Galicia) were collected retrospectively. Characteristics of the examination and diseases were analysed. An examination protocol was established. RESULTS: Only 7 patients (following family request), all with reduced mobility, were attended, and the pathology was resolved in a median of 1.4 visits. The majority (56%) had a previous diagnosis, with 43% a new diagnosis. DISCUSSION: In the area covered, 4.15% of the population was not able to attend this clinic, making home care necessary. To achieve this with quality, the first protocol was written using previous experience

Home care ophthalmology: A growing need. / Oftalmología domiciliaria: una necesidad creciente.

INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that the dependent population is on the rise, with many of them unable to have hospital care due to mobility problems. PURPOSE: To determine the ophthalmic needs of this population, as well as to establish an examination protocol, using our experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All cases of home care in Ophthalmology from 2011 to 2018 in Hospital do Salnés (Galicia) were collected retrospectively. Characteristics of the examination and diseases were analysed. An examination protocol was established. RESULTS: Only 7 patients (following family request), all with reduced mobility, were attended, and the pathology was resolved in a median of 1.4 visits. The majority (56%) had a previous diagnosis, with 43% a new diagnosis. DISCUSSION: In the area covered, 4.15% of the population was not able to attend this clinic, making home care necessary. To achieve this with quality, the first protocol was written using previous experience. CONCLUSIONS: Home care in ophthalmology with good quality of care is possible and needed. This requires the adoption of protocols and the standardisation of this process.

Mascarilla laríngea para intubación Fastrach(TM) en la lesión medular cervical postraumática / Fastrach (TM) Intubating Laryngeal Mask for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury

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Curiosidad: reflejo de estornudo fótico. Síndrome helio-oftálmico de estornudos compulsivos autosómico dominante / A curious fact: Photic sneeze reflex. Autosomical dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la implicación ocular en la fisiopatología del síndrome helio-oftálmico de estornudos compulsivos autosómico dominante (ACHOOs). MÉTODOS: Una familia de raza caucásica, que muestra las características clínicas de ACHOOs, fue interrogada. De toda la familia, 12 pacientes presentan reflejo fótico y fueron seleccionados. Se realiza una evaluación oftalmológica completa. RESULTADOS: Se encuentra una herencia autosómica dominante con penetrancia parcial. El 67% de los sujetos estudiados mostró algún grado de prominencia en los nervios corneales. No se encontraron otras alteraciones oculares. CONCLUSIONES: Los nervios corneales prominentes pueden tener asociación con el ACHOOs. Las otras estructuras del ojo estudiados no parecen desempeñar un papel en el ACHOOs. Se necesitan más estudios para comprender la fisiología del ACHOOs

OBJECTIVE: To assess ocular involvement in the pathophysiology of autosomal dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome (ACHOOs). METHODS: An interview was conducted with a Caucasian family that showed clinical features of ACHOOs. Twelve of them had photic reflex and were recruited. A complete eye evaluation was made. RESULTS: A dominant autosomal inheritance with mild penetrance was demonstrated, with 67% of the studied subjects showing some degree of prominent corneal nerves. No other eye changes were found. CONCLUSIONS: Prominent corneal nerves may be associated with ACHOOs. The other eye structures studied do not seem to play a role in ACHOOs. Further studies are needed to understand the physiology of the ACHOOs

A curious fact: Photic sneeze reflex. Autosomical dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome. / Curiosidad: reflejo de estornudo fótico. Síndrome helio-oftálmico de estornudos compulsivos autosómico dominante.

OBJECTIVE: To assess ocular involvement in the pathophysiology of autosomal dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome (ACHOOs). METHODS: An interview was conducted with a Caucasian family that showed clinical features of ACHOOs. Twelve of them had photic reflex and were recruited. A complete eye evaluation was made. RESULTS: A dominant autosomal inheritance with mild penetrance was demonstrated, with 67% of the studied subjects showing some degree of prominent corneal nerves. No other eye changes were found. CONCLUSIONS: Prominent corneal nerves may be associated with ACHOOs. The other eye structures studied do not seem to play a role in ACHOOs. Further studies are needed to understand the physiology of the ACHOOs.

Review of Theoretical Prediction Models for Organic Extract Metabolites, Effect of Drying Temperature on Smooth Muscle Relaxing Activity Induced by Organic Extracts Specially Cecropia Obtusifolia Portal and Web Server Predictors of Drug-Protein Interaction.

Cecropia obtusifolia bertol is medicinal specie used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and it has scientific studies that support the traditional use. However, it is required to understand the influence of drying temperature on the yield and pharmacological activity. Drying rate, extraction efficiency, changes in the UV-Vis spectrum and estimating chlorophylls were stimulated with the increasing temperature. Finally, relaxant activity of vascular smooth muscle is increased by 70ºC and reducing ability by the method of CARF increases with temperature. Analytical studies are required to identify changes in the metabolic content and those that ensure the safety and efficacy for human consumption. In this sense, bioinformatic studies may be helpful. Studies such as QSAR can help us to study these metabolites derived from natural products. MIND-BETS model and NL MIND-BETS model to predict DPIs was introduced using MARCH-INSIDE (MI) software to calculate structural parameters for drugs and enzymes respectively. We firstly revised the state-of-art on the design with review of previous works with hypertension activity based on theoretical studies. A study, evaluating the effect of drying temperature of leaves of C. obtusifolia on the relaxing of vascular smooth muscle, antioxidant activity and the presence of chlorophylls, with a focus on Cecropia metabolites. Last, we carried out QSAR studies using MIND-BEST and NL MIND-BEST web servers in order to understand the essential metabolites structural requirement for binding with receptors for FDA proteins.

Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of selected Lamiales species from Mexico.

CONTEXT: Methanol extracts obtained from eight species belonging to four families of the Lamiales order native to Mexico were investigated for biological action. OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts have been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the sulphorhodamine B protein staining assay against KB (nasopharyngeal), HEp-2 (larynx), HF-6 (colon), MCF7 (breast), PC-3 (prostate), and Ca Ski (cervix) carcinoma cell lines. To analyze the antioxidant activity, common stable radicals chromogens, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) were used. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the total phenolic content of the samples were also determined. RESULTS: Some of the extracts, such as Limosella aquatica L. (Scrophulariaceae), Mimulus glabratus Kunth. (Phrymaceae), Pedicularis mexicana Zucc. ex Benth. (Orobanchaceae), and Penstemon campanulatus (Cav.) Willd. (Plantaginaceae) displayed remarkably selective cytotoxic activity. However, the extract from Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein (Plantaginaceae) showed the highest activity with IC50 values of 1.46 and 0.169 g/ µL on PC-3 and HF-6 cells, respectively. With the exception of M. glabratus, all the extracts showed different degrees of antioxidant activity with IC50 values from 0.89 up to 1.8 in the ABTS assay; from 0.49 up to 1.25 mg/mL in the DPPH assay and with the FRAP evaluation, 36 to 68 equivalents in mM of FeSO4. V. americana also showed the highest antoxidant activity with IC50 values from 0.491 and 0.892 mg/mL, on DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that the species studied have great potential cytotoxic and antioxidant activity.

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol and phenolic compounds Part I. Adsorption and FTIR study.

With the goal of predicting the photocatalytic behaviour of different phenolic compounds (catechol, resorcinol, phenol, m-cresol and o-cresol), their adsorption and interaction types with the TiO(2) Degussa P-25 surface were studied. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied in the adsorption studies. The obtained results indicated that catechol adsorption is much higher than those of the other phenolics and its interaction occurs preferentially through the formation of a catecholate monodentate. Resorcinol and the cresols interact by means of hydrogen bonds through the hydroxyl group, and their adsorption is much lower than that of catechol. Finally, phenol showed an intermediate behaviour, with a Langmuir adsorption constant, K(L), much lower than that of catechol, but a similar interaction. The interaction of the selected molecules with the catalyst surface was evaluated by means of FTIR experiments, which allowed us to determine the probability of OH radical attack to the aromatic ring.

Insecticidal activity of Vitex mollis.

Organic extracts from the leaves of Vitex mollis were assessed for their toxic effect on fall armyworm neonate larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda), an important insect pest of corn. The extracts showed insecticidal and insect growth regulatory activity, being CHCl(3)-MeOH (1:1) extract the most active, also found to be toxic in the Artemia salina test.

Identification of fatty acid esters and hydrocarbon derivatives from Cyrtocarpa procera Kunth by GC-MS.

Extracts obtained from Cyrtocarpa procera Kunth were evaluated to determine their toxicity on Artemia salina Leach. All the extracts showed a significant activity. Bioguided fractionation of these extracts led to the isolation of beta-sitosterol and the identification of 1,3-propyl-dipentadecanoate, 3-hydroxypropyl-9-octadecenoate, pentadecylbenzene, eicosylbenzene, docosane, heptacosane, dotriacontane and 2,6,10-trimethyltetradecane by GC-MS.

Anti-diabetic effect on alloxanized and normoglycemic rats and some pharmacological evaluations of Tournefortia hartwegiana.

The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the pharmacological properties of Tournefortia hartwegiana Steud (Boraginaceae), used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, diarrhea and kidney pain in Morelos, Mexico. Administration of methanol extract from aerial parts of Tournefortia hartwegiana (310 mg/kg body weight/day) for 10 days, to normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, significantly lowered their blood glucose levels (37 and 36%, respectively, p<0.05). The anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic activities due to the MeOH extract were similar to those produced by metformin at 120 mg/kg (positive control, p<0.05). In contrast, the hexane, dichloromethane and MeOH extracts from the same species showed no significant spasmolytic effect and did not have activity in antibacterial and Artemia salina toxicity bioassays.

Spasmolytic activity of several extracts obtained from some Mexican medicinal plants.

A total of ten extracts from different parts of eight medicinal plants that are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, were evaluated to determine their spasmolytic action on in vitro isolated rat ileum. All extracts were less potent than papaverine, which was used as a positive control.