[Electroretinographic signs of retinal remodeling after experimental induction of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy]. / Elektroretinograficheskie priznaki remodelirovaniya setchatki posle induktsii atrofii retinal'nogo pigmentnogo epiteliya v eksperimente.

Various animal models of atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are created in order to study certain aspects of geographical atrophy in humans. To study the effects of new methods of therapy, it is necessary to determine the objective functional markers of structural changes in the retina. PURPOSE: To determine the alterations in activity of the retina that characterize its remodeling in induction of RPE atrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Full-field electroretinograms (ERG), pattern ERG, and multifocal ERG were recorded according to the ISCEV standards from the right eyes of twenty rabbits of the New Zealand albino breed 6-7 weeks after induction of RPE atrophy by subretinal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride or bevacizumab solution. RESULTS: Characteristic electroretinographic signs of RPE atrophy and retinal remodeling are described. Changes in ERG indicate a predominant inhibition of the functional activity of photoreceptors compared with bipolar cells, which objectively reflects an impairment of their metabolism associated with RPE pathology. With the injection of bevacizumab, a sharp weakening of the functional symbiosis of Mueller cells with bipolar cells was observed. According to pattern ERG, the function of the retinal ganglion cells was reduced. The reaction of the paired eyes after induction of RPE atrophy included a moderate decrease in the amplitude of b-wave of photopic ERG and activation of glia-neuronal relationships. CONCLUSION: Subretinal injections of 0.9% sodium chloride and bevacizumab trigger changes in the retina that reflect specific remodeling of retinal neurons of the second and third orders, which characterizes the used models of RPE atrophy.

[Rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. / Reabilitatsiia bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa posle operatsii aortokoronarnogo shuntirovaniia.

The paper outlines some experience in rehabilitating 1250 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS). Rehabilitative measures promoted more rapid and maximally full recovery of physical fitness and cardiorespiratory parameters. The recommended groups of physical activity allow one to differentially approach to the choice of the optimum training regimen and hence to achieve the maximum training effect. The groundlessly high proportion of disabled patients with CHD after ACBS is due not to the quality of surgical treatment, but to the absence of a rehabilitative programme for this group of patients and to the presence of obsolete standard acts for definitions of disability groups by the medical-and-labor examination commission.

[Use of beta blockaders in patients with ischemic heart disease during in-hospital rehabilitation after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. / Primenenie beta-blokatorov u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa posle operatsii aortokoronarnogo shuntirovaniia na statsionarnom étape reabilitatsii.

After studying central hemodynamics in patients with ischemic heart disease who had undergone aortocoronary shunting without postoperative complications and angina pectoris, the authors came to the conclusion on the beneficial effect of small-dose beta-blockers in the above cases if they developed sinus tachycardia. Beta-blockers help reduce oxygen demand of the myocardium and make more effective cardiac performance.

[Selection of optimal training exercise and training schedule for patients with ischemic heart disease at the early periods after aortocoronary bypass]. / O vybore optimal'noi treniruiushchei nagruzki i treniruiushchego pul'sa u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa v rannie srokiposle operatsii aortocoronarnogo shuntirovaniia.

The study was undertaken to examine 70 patients with coronary heart disease who had undergone aortocoronary bypass. Spirobicycle ergometric testing was performed in all patients in the early postoperative period, coupled with recording hemodynamic parameters, such as cardiac and stroke indices, heart rate, and Q-Z interval, by employing tetrapolar rheoplethysmography. According to the results of threshold exercise, the patients were divided into three groups: those having threshold exercise intensities of 100, 75, and 50 W, respectively. The purpose of the study was to choose the optimal training pulse and training exercise in the early postoperative period of rehabilitation. Using various procedures for determining the training pulse from the threshold of anaerobic exchange, from 70% maximal oxygen uptake and from hemodynamic findings demonstrated that hemodynamic monitoring is the most informative tool since in the early postoperative periods of aortocoronary bypass, the results of threshold exercise are largely determined by the myocardial contractility that is associated with the overall body dysadaptation and, accordingly, the cardiopulmonary system and with the impact of the surgery itself involving extracorporeal circulation.

[Diagnosis of angiospastic angina pectoris by coronarography]. / Diagnostika angiospasticheskoi stenokardii s pomoshch'iu koronarografii.

Tests with intravenous ergometrin maleate and selective coronarography were performed in 82 coronary patients. In 16 of those, coronary spasm was suspected from ECG findings at preliminary testing and confirmed at repeated pharmacologic tests during coronarography. Episodes of vasospastic angina pectoris accompanied by multiple spasms in branches of the main coronary arterial trunk, and spastic response developing at different levels of one coronary artery were demonstrated. It is suggested that angiographic diagnosis is indispensable, particularly at a cardiosurgical in-patient unit, as a procedure both specifying the diagnosis and localizing the spasm, so that the site of distal anastomosis can be chosen for future aortal-coronary shunting.