Exploring the Role of Family and School as Spaces for 1.5 Generation South Korean's Adjustment and Identity Negotiation in New Zealand: A Qualitative Study.

To date, the majority of research on migrant identity negotiation and adjustment has primarily focused on adults. However, identity- and adjustment-related issues linked with global migration are not only related to those who have recently arrived, but are also relevant for their subsequent descendants. Consequently, there is increasing recognition by that as a particular group, the "1.5 generation" who were born in their home country but came to new countries in early childhood and were educated there. This research, therefore, investigates 1.5 generation South Koreans' adjustment and identity status in New Zealand. More specifically, this study explores two vital social spaces-family and school-which play a pivotal role in modulating 1.5 generation's identity and adjustment in New Zealand. Drawing upon in-depth interviewing with twenty-five 1.5 generation Korean-New Zealanders, this paper reveals that there are two different experiences at home and school; (1) the family is argued to serve as a key space where the South Korean 1.5 generation confirms and retains their ethnic identity through experiences and embodiments of South Korean traditional values, but (2) school is almost the only space where the South Korean 1.5 generation in New Zealand can acquire the cultural tools of mainstream society through interaction with English speaking local peers and adults. Within this space, the South Korean 1.5 generation experiences the transformation of an ethnic sense of identity which is strongly constructed at home via the family. Overall, the paper discusses that 1.5 generation South Koreans experience a complex and contradictory process in negotiating their identity and adjusting into New Zealand through different involvement at home and school.

Patient preferences regarding bariatric/metabolic procedures: a survey of Korean obese candidates for surgery.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to survey potential candidates for bariatric/metabolic surgery for procedure preferences. METHODS: Questions asked were divided into 5 categories: (1) demographic and anthropometric data, comorbidities, and favored surgery; (2) awareness of safety, effectiveness, and complications of each type of surgery; (3) discordances in opinion between self-selected and medically recommended procedures; and (4, 5) reasons for/against particular surgery. RESULTS: From 1 October to 15 November 2018, 104 respondents adequately responded and were included in the analysis. The number (%) of female respondents was 79 (76.0%). The number (%) of respondents by decade was 17 (16.3%) in their 20s, 65 (62.5%) in their 30s, 19 (18.3%) in their 40s, and 3 (2.9%) in their 60s, respectively. Mean body mass index was 37.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2. Comorbidities were type 2 diabetes in 34 (32.7%) and hypertension in 35 (33.7%). The most favored procedure was sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in 78 (75.0%), adjustable gastric band (AGB) surgery in 12 (11.5%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 6 (5.8%), and gastric plication (GP) in 8 (7.7%). Major reasons for choosing procedures were; "adjustable" for AGB, "stomach sparing" for GP, "excellent weight loss" for SG, and "comorbidity resolution" in RYGB. CONCLUSION: Candidates for bariatric/metabolic surgery favored SG followed by AGB, GP, and RYGB, and their choices were compatible with current evidence-based clinical practice.

The relationships among Pilates instructors' emotional labor, job burnout, and occupational identity.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships among the emotional labor, job burnout, and occupational identity of Pilates instructors. Instructors conducting Pilates classes in the Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon areas were selected as the study population to achieve the aforementioned goal, and a total of 195 datasets were utilized for the actual analysis, using the convenience sampling method. The analysis methods that were employed for the study include frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability verification, correlation analysis, and structural equation model analysis, and the following conclusions were obtained in the process: (a) the internal behaviors of the Pilates instructors' emotional labor had a negative effect on the instructors' job burnout; (b) the surface behaviors of the Pilates instructors' emotional labor had a positive effect on the instructors' job burnout; (c) the job burnout of the Pilates instructors had a negative effect on their occupational identity; (d) the internal behaviors of the Pilates instructors' emotional labor had a positive effect on the instructors' occupational identity; and (e) the surface behaviors of the Pilates instructors' emotional labor had a negative effect on the instructors' occupational identity.

Long-term Surgical and Chemical Castration Deteriorates Memory Function Through Downregulation of PKA/CREB/BDNF and c-Raf/MEK/ERK Pathways in Hippocampus.

PURPOSE: Goserelin is a drug used for chemical castration. In a rat model, we investigated whether surgical and chemical castration affected memory ability through the protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response elementbinding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinases-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathways in the hippocampus. METHODS: Orchiectomy was performed for surgical castration and goserelin acetate was subcutaneously transplanted into the anterior abdominal wall for chemical castration. Immunohistochemistry was done to quantify neurogenesis. To assess the involvement of the PKA/CREB/BDNF and c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in the memory process, western blots were used. RESULTS: The orchiectomy group and the goserelin group showed less neurogenesis and impaired short-term and spatial memory. Phosphorylation of PKA/CREB/BDNF and phosphorylation of c-Raf/MEK/ERK decreased in the orchiectomy and goserelin groups. CONCLUSION: Short-term memory and spatial memory were affected by surgical and chemical castration via the PKA/CREB/BDNF and c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.

The influence of Pilates participants' empirical values on their emotional responses and behavioral intentions.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the empirical value of Pilates participants and their emotional response and behavioral intention. For this study, 286 participants who participated in Pilates classes in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in 2019 were selected using the convenience sampling method. For data processing, frequency, exploratory factor, reliability, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed using PASW ver. 23.0. The empirical values of the Pilates participants had a significant effect on their emotional response and behavioral intention. The emotional responses of the Pilates participants also had a significant effect on their behavioral intention. In summary, Pilates instructors, therefore, try to help the participants form positive experiences and emotional responses to induce participants' continuous participation.

The influence of physical self-perception of female college students participating in Pilates classes on perceived health state and psychological wellbeing.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of physical self-perception of female college students participating in Pilates on perceived health state and psychological wellbeing. The subjects of this study were 187 female college students participating in Pilates classes in six universities located in Gyeonggi-do. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS 18.0 version. The results are as follows. First, the physical self-perception of female college students participating in Pilates classes affects their perceived health state. Second, the physical self-perception of female college students participating in Pilates classes affects their psychological well-being. Third, the perceived health state of female college students participating in Pilates classes affects their psychological well-being. Fourth, there is a causal relationship among the physical self-perception, perceived health state, and psychological well-being of female college students participating in Pilates classes. In particular, the physical self-perception obtained by the students through their Pilates classes strengthens their psychological well-being through their perceived health state.

The effects of body image, commitment, and attitude on behavior after purchase of Pilates consumers.

In order to investigate the effects of body image, commitment, and attitude on behavior after purchase of the Pilates consumers, this study sampled adults who were participating in the exercise at a Pilates center. By using the convenience sampling method, the data of 253 persons were analyzed. In relation to the appearance orientation and physical satisfaction, which are subfactors of the body image of a Pilates consumer, commitment and appearance evaluation have significant effects on attitudes, such as additional effort and satisfaction. Trust, appearance evaluation, and body satisfaction have significant effects on recommendation, appearance orientation, and appearance evaluation of postpurchase behavior. Body satisfaction has a significant effect on the duration of the exercise after purchase. Commitment of Pilates consumers has a significant effect on attitudes, such as additional effort and satisfaction, while trust and commitment have significant effects on the recommendation to others after purchase and the duration of the exercise. Therefore, a program based on the basic principles of Pilates that can increase the interest and demand of the customers, and a systematic exercising method for improving the health of the customers are deemed necessary. These will help customers in having a positive attitude by creating a positive body image and increasing their engagement. In addition, these can convey positive images about Pilates and encourage customers to spend time on working out regularly by fulfilling their value and increasing their quality of life.

Effect of a 16-week Pilates exercise program on the ego resiliency and depression in elderly women.

This study aims to examine the effect of a 16-week Pilates exercise program on the ego resiliency and depression in elderly women. Before participating in Pilates exercise programs, researcher explained the purpose and the intention of the research to elderly women who were willing to participate in this research. A total of 148 elderly women agreed to participate in the program and they filled in ego resiliency and depression questionnaires. Then, the elderly participated in the 16-week Pilates exercise program and completed the same questionnaires afterwards. Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS ver. 20.0 program and results of paired t-test were as follows; there were statistically significant differences in all subvariables of the ego resiliency such as self-confidence (t=7.770, P<0.001), communication efficiency (t=2.690, P<0.01), optimistic trait (t=1.996, P<0.05), and anger management (t=4.525, P<0.001) after elderly women participated in the 16-week Pilates exercise program, there was a statistically significant difference in depression of elderly women who participated in the 16-week Pilates exercise program (t=-6.506, P<0.001) which was statistically lower than before their participation in the program. Consequently, participating in the Pilates exercise program can help improve the ego-resiliency and alleviate depression of the elderly women.

An exploration of implications for the development of Pilates instructor system through identification of instructors' difficulties.

This study is aimed at exploring ideas for the development of Pilates instructor qualification system by identifying a range of difficulties Pilates instructors are experiencing. Open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data before they were analyzed with inductive content analysis method. In consideration of the difficulties Pilates instructors experience during three qualification stages (before-during-after qualification education), three key categories were incorporated in the collected data: (1) lack of information on Pilates qualification system, (2) difficulties in understanding the human anatomy related with the diverse movements taught in Pilates classes and its application to Pilates practice, (3) need for professional development through retraining. Based on these findings, a need for rethinking the monitoring and evaluation process for Pilates qualification system and Pilates education in Korea was identified. In addition, we need to summarize and offer information on a range of Pilates qualifications. And the quality of Pilates instructor education program should be improved as well by proving them a range of teaching methods including microteaching, discussion-based lessons as well as reading and writing sessions and other necessary teaching media.

The effect of 12-week Pilates exercises on wellness in the elderly.

The purpose of this study is to examine the efficiency of 12-week Pilates exercises on wellness in the elderly. Before Pilates exercises training, the 88 elderly (63 females, 25 males) were given and completed a Wellness Scale. Then, the elderly participated in Pilates exercises and completed the same scale afterwards. Results of paired t-test showed that participants in 12-week Pilates exercises experienced significant improvement in physical (t=2.762, P<0.01), social (t=3.362, P<0.001), spiritual (t=2.307, P<0.05), and emotional wellness (t=2.489, P<0.05). Consequently, Pilates exercises helped improve wellness of the elderly.

An 8-week Aquatic Exercise Program is Effective at Improving Gait Stability of the Elderly.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aquatic exercise on the gait stability of the elderly using dynamic factors: center of mass (COM), velocity of center of mass (COMV), and center of pressure (COP). [Subjects] Eleven elderly participants (age: 77.18 ± 4.96 yrs, height: 149.48 ± 3.61 cm, body mass: 56.94 ± 6.62 kg, and leg length: 82.36 ± 2.98 cm), participated in this study. [Methods] To identify the 8-week aquatic training effect, 3-D motion analysis with 7 infrared cameras and one force plate, was performed. [Results] For the COM-COP inclination angles, significantly decreased medial inclination angles were shown in both the posterior and anterior swing phases. For the COMV-COP inclination angles, decreased medial inclination angles were shown in both the posterior and anterior swing phases, but significant difference was found only in the posterior phase. [Conclusion] The results suggest that 8 weeks aquatic exercise is effective at improving the gait stability of the elderly. Further studies should extend the training period to gain statistically significant results for the effect of aquatic exercise in the anterior-posterior direction.