Yoga como terapia complementaria para el Adulto Mayor / Yoga as a complementary therapy for older adult

Introducción: El yoga es una actividad que trata de un ejercicio el cual contiene una intensidad baja a moderada, la cual no se centra exclusivamente en el entrenamiento físico, sino que también en el desarrollo de la mente y el espíritu de uno mismo. El yoga puede obtener un mayor impacto en el equilibrio y en la ganancia de fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo, además, demuestra mejora en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y flexibilidad. Metodología: El enfoque de desarrollo fue de tipo cuantitativo en donde se realizó una revisión sistemática como metodología de búsqueda de información, relacionada al yoga como una terapia complementaria y los beneficios que éste aportaba al bienestar de las personas mayores. Resultados: En cada uno de los ensayos controlados aleatorizados que fueron recabados para fines de esta revisión sistemática. Se destaca la importancia y los beneficios del yoga en la movilidad, fuerza, flexibilidad y espiritualidad de los usuarios que practican esta terapia. Discusión: Los artículos analizados pertenecen a ensayos clínicos o estudios aleatorizados, los cuales permitieron responder de manera efectiva a nuestra pregunta de investigación, la cual consiste en reconocer si el yoga es efectivo para disminuir el riesgo de dependencia funcional y eliminar hábitos que no son saludables para las personas mayores, además de mejorar la calidad de vida actual. Gracias a ello se pudo evidenciar que esta terapia en adultos mayores genera cambios positivos respecto a estado y condición física, la ejecución de esta práctica mejora la calidad de vida en un 80% Conclusión: La yoga como terapia complementaria si entrega beneficios en la calidad de vida de la población adulta mayor, dado que, que hubo una mejora tanto en la movilidad, calidad de vida y autovalencia de los adultos mayores[AU]

Introduction: Yoga is an activity that deals with a low to moderate intensity exercise, which is not exclusively focused on physical training, but also on the development of the mind and spirit itself. Yoga may have a greater impact on balance and upper body strength gains, and have shown improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility. Methodology:the development approach was of a quantitative type where a systematic review was carried out as a methodology for searching for information related to yoga as a complementary therapy and the benefits that it brought to the well-being of the elderly. Results:The importance and benefits of yoga on the mobility, strength, flexibility and spirituality of users who practice this therapy are highlighted in each of the randomized controlled trials that were collected for the purposes of this systematic review. Discussion: The articles analyzed belong to clinical trials or randomized studies, which allowed us to effectively answer our research question. The activity of yoga in older adults generates positive changes regarding state and physical condition, the execution of this practice improves the quality of life by 80% Conclusion: Yoga as a complementary therapy delivers benefits in the quality of life of the adult population elderly, it can be said that there was an improvement in mobility, quality of life and self-valence of the elderly[AU]

Introdução: O Yoga é uma atividade que trata de um exercício de intensidade baixa a moderada, que não se foca exclusivamente no treino físico, mas também no desenvolvimento da mente e do espí-rito. A ioga pode ter um impacto maior no equilíbrio e nos ganhos de força da parte superior do corpo e mostrou melhorias na apti-dão cardiorrespiratória e flexibilidade. Metodologia: a abordagem de desenvolvimento foi do tipo quantitativo onde foi realizada uma revisão sistemática como metodologia de busca de informações re-lacionadas ao yoga como terapia complementar e os benefícios que trouxe para o bem-estar dos idosos. Resultados: A importância e os benefícios do yoga na mobilidade, força, flexibilidade e espiri-tualidade dos usuários que praticam esta terapia são destacados em cada um dos ensaios clínicos randomizados que foram coletados para fins desta revisão sistemática. Discussão: Os artigos analisa-dos pertencem a ensaios clínicos ou estudos randomizados, o que nos permitiu responder de forma eficaz à nossa questão de inves-tigação. A atividade de yoga em idosos gera mudanças positivas quanto ao estado e condição física, a execução desta prática mel-hora a qualidade de vida em 80% Conclusão: o yoga como terapia complementar traz benefícios na qualidade de vida da população adulta idosa, pode-se dizer que houve melhora na mobilidade, qualidade de vida e autovalência dos idosos[AU]

Chemical Characterization of Sauvignon Blanc Wines from Three Cold-Climate-Growing Areas of Chile.

The influence of the geographical location on the chemical composition of commercial Sauvignon Blanc wines was investigated. The assay was carried out on Sauvignon Blanc wines from three cold-climate valleys in Central Chile, Casablanca, Leyda, and San Antonio. The analyses revealed clear variations in some chemical parameters, especially in titratable acidity, which was higher in the geographical areas closest to the Pacific Ocean, such as the Leyda and San Antonio valleys. Regarding the composition of low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds, 17 compounds were found, and the results show that the Casablanca valley exhibits a greater abundance of monomeric flavanols, such as (+)-catechin, whereas the Leyda valley shows a higher abundance in flavonols and phenolic acids esterified with tartaric acid. Concerning the aromatic compound profile, the wines from the Casablanca valley showed a greater abundance of esters, C13 norisoprenoids, and some terpenes. The PLS-DA analysis revealed some differences, especially between wines from Casablanca and Leyda, demonstrating that the difference in the chemical composition of the wines was influenced by the geographical area.

Mitochondria in oral cancer stem cells: Unraveling the potential drug targets for new and old drugs.

Head and neck cancer is a major health problem worldwide, with most cases arising in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Compared to other types of cancer, OSCC, has the worse prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Additionally, OSCC is characterized by a high rate of resistance to chemotherapy treatment, which may be partly explained by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) subpopulation. CSC can adapt to harmful environmental condition and are highly resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, thus contributing to tumor relapse. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of mitochondria in oral CSC as a potential target for oral cancer treatment. For this purpose, we reviewed some fundamental aspects of the most validated protein markers of stemness, autophagy, the mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in oral CSC. Moreover, a discussion will be made on why energy metabolism, especially oxidative phosphorylation in CSC, may offer such a diverse source of original pharmacological target for new drugs. Finally, we will describe some drugs able to disturb mitochondrial function, with emphasis on those aimed to interrupt the electron transport chain function, as novel therapeutic strategies in multidrug-resistant oral CSC. The reutilization of old drugs approved for clinical use as new antineoplastics, in cancer treatment, is also matter of revision.

The dendritic ERGIC: Microtubule and actin cytoskeletons participate in stop-and-go movement of mobile carriers between stable structures.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) is a membranous organelle that mediates protein transport between the ER and the Golgi apparatus. In neurons, clusters of these vesiculotubular structures are situated throughout the cell in proximity to the ER, passing cargo to the cis-Golgi cisternae, located mainly in the perinuclear region. Although ERGIC markers have been identified in neurons, the distribution and dynamics of neuronal ERGIC structures have not been characterized yet. Here, we show that long-distance ERGIC transport occurs via an intermittent mechanism in dendrites, with mobile elements moving between stationary structures. Slow and fast live-cell imaging have captured stable ERGIC structures remaining in place over long periods of time, as well as mobile ERGIC structures advancing very short distances along dendrites. These short distances have been consistent with the lengths between the stationary ERGIC structures. Kymography revealed ERGIC elements that moved intermittently, emerging from and fusing with stationary ERGIC structures. Interestingly, this movement apparently depends not only on the integrity of the microtubule cytoskeleton, as previously reported, but on the actin cytoskeleton as well. Our results indicate that the dendritic ERGIC has a dual nature, with both stationary and mobile structures. The neural ERGIC network transports proteins via a stop-and-go movement in which both the microtubule and the actin cytoskeletons participate.

Consecuencias de la sobrecarga vocal en el umbral doloroso de los tejidos perilaríngeos / Vocal overload consequences on the pressure pain threshold of the perilaryngeal tissues

Introducción: La sobrecarga vocal produce una serie de efectos en los pliegues vocales, donde destacan lesiones y síntomas funcionales. Sin embargo, sus efectos en los tejidos perilaríngeos se conocen escasamente. Esto impide la completa comprensión de fenómenos expresados con su daño, como la odinofonía.ObjetivoDescribir el umbral de presión de los tejidos perilaríngeos previo y posterior a sobrecarga vocal. Material y método: Se analizó una muestra compuesta por 35 mujeres, cuyo promedio de edad fue de 24.1 ± 2.06 años. La investigación constó de tres partes, donde se evaluaron antes y después de sobrecarga vocal los umbrales de presión de los tejidos perilaríngeos. Resultados: Los umbrales de presión de los tejidos perilaríngeos previos a la tarea de sobrecarga vocal fluctuaron entre los 1,140 y 1,857 g, mientras que, posteriormente a ella, se encontraron entre los 1,105 y 1,802 g. Los cambios existentes en cada una de las estructuras evaluadas fueron significativos (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: Los umbrales de presión de la región perilaríngea son menores a los existentes en otros tejidos del sistema estomatognático, como el músculo masetero. Adicionalmente, las tareas de sobrecarga vocal los reducen significativamente.(AU)

Introduction: Vocal overload causes a series of effects in the vocal folds, where injuries and functional symptoms stand out. However, its effects on perilaryngeal tissues are poorly known. This prevents the complete understanding of phenomena arising from their damage, such as odynophonia.ObjectiveTo describe the pressure threshold of the perilaryngeal tissues before and after vocal overload. Material and method: A sample composed of 35 women was analysed, whose average age was 24.1 ± 2.06 years. The investigation consisted of three parts, where the pressure thresholds of the perilaryngeal tissues were evaluated before and after vocal overload. Results: The pressure thresholds of the perilaryngeal tissues prior to the task of vocal overload ranged between 1140 and 1857 grams, and between 1105 and 1802 grams after it. The existing changes in each of the evaluated structures were significant (p < .05). Conclusions: The pressure thresholds of the perilaryngeal region are lower than other tissues from the stomatognathic system, such as the masseter muscle. In addition, the vocal overloading tasks reduced them in a significant way.(AU)

Kaempferol Induces Cell Death and Sensitizes Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines to Cisplatin.

Cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug commonly used to treat patients with head and neck cancer; nevertheless, cisplatin resistance poses a main challenge for its clinical efficacy. Recent studies have shown that kaempferol, a natural flavonoid found in various plants and foods, has an anticancer effect. The following study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of kaempferol on head and neck tumor cells and their mechanism of action, evaluating the effects on proliferation, the oxygen consumption rate, transmembrane potential, tumor cell migration and induction of apoptosis. Moreover, we determined the effects of a combination of kaempferol and cisplatin on head and neck tumor cells. We found that kaempferol inhibited the oxygen consumption rate and decreased the intracellular ATP content in tumor cells. This novel mechanism may inhibit the migratory capacity and promote antiproliferative effects and apoptosis of tumor cells. Additionally, our in vitro data indicated that kaempferol may sensitize head and neck tumor cells to the effects of cisplatin. These effects provide new evidence for the use of a combination of kaempferol and cisplatin in vivo and their future applications in head and neck cancer therapy.

Long term effects of fire on the soil greenhouse gas balance of an old-growth temperate rainforest.

Forest fires can cause great changes in the composition, structure and functioning of forest ecosystems. We studied the effects of a fire that occurred >50 years ago in a temperate rainforest that caused flooding conditions in a Placic Andosol to evaluate how long these effects last; we hypothesized that the effects of fire on the soil greenhouse gas (GHG) balance could last for many years. We made monthly measurements of fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) during two years of soils in an unburned forest (UF) and a nearby site that burned >50 years ago (BS). Our results show that CO2 emissions from soils were higher in the UF than in the BS, and positively correlated with temperature and negatively with soil water content at both sites. Both sites were net CH4 sinks (higher in the UF) and fluxes correlated positively with soil water content and negatively with temperature (stronger relation in the BS). Emissions of N2O were low at both sites and showed correlation with friction velocity at the UF site. The soil GHG balance showed that the UF emitted about 80% more than the BS (5079 ± 1772 and 2815 ± 1447 g CO2-eq m-2 y-1, respectively). Combining our measured fluxes with data of CO2 net ecosystem exchange, we estimated that at the ecosystem level, the UF was a GHG sink while the BS was a source, showing a long-lasting effect of the fire and the importance of preserving these forest ecosystems.