RESUMO
Introducción. Las lesiones musculoesqueléticas traen consecuencias en los profesionales quirúrgicos, y más aún en cirujanos de cabeza y cuello, que conllevan gran carga de discapacidad y ausentismo laboral, ocasionando retiro temprano, restricciones o modificaciones en la práctica quirúrgica. Métodos. Se seleccionaron publicaciones de las bases de datos Pubmed, Embase y LILACS. Se incluyeron todos los estudios que midieron la prevalencia de lesiones musculoesqueléticas y la presencia de riesgo ergonómico, síntomas asociados, uso de escalas de medición y estrategias de prevención. Los efectos estimados de los estudios se mostraron con intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Resultados. Se encontraron 438 estudios. Después de la revisión, se incluyeron 7 estudios, con un total de 868 pacientes. Se estimó mediante un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios una prevalencia del 81 %. Conclusiones. Los problemas posturales en cirujanos de cabeza y cuello tienen una prevalencia de 81 %. Esto genera un gran impacto en su salud física y mental, aumentando las incapacidades y pérdida de años laborales. Las herramientas utilizadas para la evaluación son heterogéneas y algunos estudios no incluyen datos como los años de práctica y el nivel de entrenamiento.
Introduction. Musculoskeletal injuries have consequences for surgical professionals, and even more so for head and neck surgeons, which entail a large burden of disability and absenteeism from work, causing early retirement, restrictions or modifications in surgical practice. Methods. Publications were selected from the Pubmed, Embase and LILACS databases. All studies that measured the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and the presence of ergonomic risk, associated symptoms, use of measurement scales and prevention strategies were included. The estimated effects of the studies were shown with a 95% confidence interval. Results. 438 studies were found. After the review, seven studies were included, with a total of 868 patients. A prevalence of 81% was estimated through a random effects meta-analysis. Conclusions. Postural problems in head and neck surgeons have a prevalence of 81%. This generates a great impact on their physical and mental health, increasing disabilities and loss of working years. The tools used for evaluation are heterogeneous and some studies do not include data such as years of practice and level of training.
Assuntos
Humanos , Metanálise , Dor Musculoesquelética , Revisão Sistemática , Risco , Cirurgiões , Cabeça , PescoçoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the different pharmacological agents in preventing post-ERCP acute pancreatitis. METHODS: We included clinical trials of pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of acute post-ERCP pancreatitis. The event evaluated was acute pancreatitis. We conducted a search strategy in MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to nowadays. We reported the information in terms of relative risks (RR) with a 95% confidence interval. We assessed the heterogeneity using the I2 test. RESULTS: We included 84 studies for analysis (30,463 patients). The mean age was 59.3 years (SD ± 7.01). Heterogeneity between studies was low (I2 = 34.4%) with no inconsistencies (p = 0.2567). Post ERCP pancreatitis was less in prophylaxis with NSAIDs (RR 0.65 95% CI [0.52 to 0.80]), aggressive hydration with Lactate Ringer (RR 0.32 95% CI [0.12-0.86]), NSAIDs + isosorbide dinitrate (RR 0.28 95% CI [0.11-0.71]) and somatostatin and analogues (RR 0.54 [0.43 to 0.68]) compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: NSAIDs, the Combination of NSAIDs + isosorbide dinitrate, somatostatin and analogues, and aggressive hydration with lactate ringer are pharmacological strategies that can prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis when compared to placebo. More clinical trials are required to determine the effectiveness of these drugs.