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1.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 61(6): 875-881, 2023 Nov 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37995446

RESUMO

Background: Suicide is a public health problem, which has increased in recent years, becoming a serious cause of mortality, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Suicidal behavior is infrequent before adolescent years, various related factors have been described. The purpose of this work is to describe the case of a patient in school age who attempted suicide and the identified factors that might have contributed. Clinical case: Nine-year-old male attempted suicide by hanging in the bathroom, endangering his life. He received emergency attention and hospitalized in intensive care. During his hospitalization, the mental health service approached him. Amongst the factors previously associated with suicidal intent during school age and identifiable in the patient are family disintegration, symptoms of major depression episodes, reading-related learning difficulties and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The patient received treatment and follow up consultation, without showing any suicidal behavior up to this date. The patient is currently 13 years old. Conclusions: It must be recognized that children of school age can present suicidal behavior. It is important to acknowledge the factors associated with this kind of behavior, to reduce risks and provide an opportune attention and handling.


Introducción: el suicidio es un problema de salud pública que se ha incrementado en los últimos años, convirtiéndose en una grave causa de mortalidad principalmente en países de ingresos bajos y medios. Las conductas suicidas son poco frecuentes antes de la adolescencia, por lo que se han descrito diversos factores relacionados. El propósito de este trabajo es describir el caso de un paciente en edad escolar que intentó suicidarse y las causas identificadas que pudieron influir. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de nueve años puso su vida en riesgo al intentar suicidarse por ahorcamiento en el cuarto de baño. Recibió atención de urgencia y estuvo en la terapia intensiva. Durante su hospitalización fue abordado por el servicio de salud mental. Entre los factores que han sido previamente asociados al intento suicida en la edad escolar que pudieron identificarse en el paciente se encuentran: desintegración familiar, síntomas de episodio depresivo grave, dificultad en el aprendizaje para la lectura y un trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. El paciente recibió tratamiento y seguimiento, hasta el día de hoy no ha vuelto a presentar comportamientos suicidas. Actualmente tiene trece años. Conclusiones: se debe reconocer que los niños en edad escolar pueden presentar comportamientos suicidas, y es importante conocer los factores asociados a este tipo de conductas. Esto, con la finalidad de poder reducir el riesgo, así como otorgar atención y manejo de forma oportuna.


Assuntos
Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adolescente , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Hospitalização , Fatores de Risco
2.
Salud ment ; 38(4): 259-271, jul.-ago. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-766939

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES: La teoría sistémica de la familia plantea que en ésta existen tres subsistemas: conyugal, parental y filial, los cuales responden, según su particular función, cuando uno de los miembros en edad pediátrica enfrenta alguna enfermedad crónica que amenaza su vida. La evaluación de las familias en un contexto hospitalario institucional presenta distintos desafíos debido al tiempo mínimo necesario para obtener un diagnóstico preciso y por la escasez de recursos humanos preparados para dichas tareas.OBJETIVO: Desarrollar y validar un instrumento para la evaluación de los subsistemas familiares durante la hospitalización a causa de una enfermedad crónica pediátrica (eSisFam).MÉTODO: A partir de la bibliografía y de instrumentos conocidos de funcionamiento familiar, se conformó uno nuevo de cuatro secciones: sistema general y subsistemas conyugal, parental y filial. Participaron 312 cuidadores primarios de pacientes crónicos internados en un hospital público pediátrico. Los reactivos tipo Likert con cuatro opciones de respuesta, fueron contestados en un programa de cómputo. Se determinó la validez de contenido, de constructo y la confiabilidad.RESULTADOS: La validez de contenido arrojó más del 80% de acuerdo interjueces. La validez de constructo por análisis factorial exploratorio identificó tres causas del sistema general (cohesión, comunicación y adaptación), dos del subsistema conyugal (relación afectivo-sexual y distanciamiento-infidelidad), tres del parental (bienestar, responsabilidad compartida y cuidado de los hermanos) y tres del filial (bienestar, conocimiento de la enfermedad y aceptación-participación) con coeficientes alfa de Cronbach superiores a 0.80.DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: El instrumento desarrollado (eSisFam) es válido y confiable para una evaluación general del sistema familiar y de los subsistemas conyugal, parental y filial. La medida podrá ser utilizada en el hospital de pediatría para la detección temprana de situaciones familiares que pudieran interferir con la atención médica del niño o adolescente.


BACKGROUND: According to the family systems model, the family consists of three main subsystems: marital, parental and filial, all of which perform specific functions. A chronic pediatric illness presents challenges to these subsystems leading family members to make the necessary adjustments in order to maintain system balance. The evaluation of families in a public hospital setting is hampered by time constraints and limited human resources to carry out a precise evaluation.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a practical instrument for, evaluation of family subsystems during the hospitalization of a pediatric patient with a chronic illness (eSisFam).METHOD: Based on a review of scientific literature and well-known family functioning instruments, a new measure with four sections was developed: the general system and the marital, parental and filial subsystems. This was applied to 312 primary caregivers of chronically ill hospitalized pediatric patients in a public pediatric hospital. Likert-type items with four response options were self-administered with a computer program. Content validity, construct validity and reliability were assessed.RESULTS: Content validity was obtained by 80% agreement between judges. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis, resulting in three factors for the general system (cohesion, communication and adaptation); two for the marital subsystem (affective-sexual relationship and distancing-infidelity); three for the parental subsystem (well-being, shared responsibility and care of siblings), and three for the filial subsystem (well-being, illness knowledge and acceptation-participation). We assessed the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficients; these were higher than 0.80 in all subscales.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The instrument (eSisfam) that was developed is a valid and reliable measure to assess general family system functioning and marital, parental and filial subsystems. This measure could be used in pediatric hospitals for the early detection of family situations that might interfere with child or adolescent medical attention.

3.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 51(6): 606-609, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24290008

RESUMO

Background: when there is a child patient in the family, it is frequent that parents get upset. Anxiety in the mother and father could be different depending on the way each one lives the critical situation of the child patient. The purpose was to measure levels of anxiety in fathers and mothers who had a hospitalized child in an intensive care unit. Methods: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied to a group of 50 pairs of parents who had a hospitalized child in the intensive care unit in a pediatric hospital. A no probabilistic intentional sample was used. Differences between groups were analyzed by Student's t test. Results: no significant differences were obtained between mothers and fathers for both state-anxiety and trait-anxiety. Significant differences were obtained intra-groups between both kinds of anxiety. Conclusions: having a child who is chronically sick or hospitalized for intensive therapy causes similar levels of anxiety in both parents. Anxiety is significantly increased in both parents when their child is hospitalized in an intensive therapy unit.


Introducción: es frecuente que los progenitores de un niño enfermo presenten trastornos en su estado anímico. La ansiedad en las madres y los padres puede ser diferente. El propósito de este trabajo fue conocer las diferencias en los niveles de ansiedad-rasgo y ansiedad-estado en los padres y las madres con un hijo en terapia intensiva. Métodos: se aplicó el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado a 50 parejas de padres que tenían un hijo en terapia intensiva de un hospital de pediatría. El muestreo fue no probabilístico intencional. Las diferencias en los grupos se analizaron con t de Student. Resultados: en la ansiedad-estado ni en la ansiedad-rasgo se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las madres y los padres, sin embargo, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar intragrupos en ambos tipos de ansiedad tanto en los padres como en las madres. Conclusiones: tener un hijo con una enfermedad crónica o internado en terapia intensiva causa niveles de ansiedad similares en ambos progenitores, que se incrementan significativamente al encontrarse el hijo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.

4.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 48(5): 491-6, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21205496

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a normal response in everyday life, when a person has a crisis like to have an ill child, when normality is altered and it could become a mental pathology. The purpose was to obtain the validity and standardization of the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) for parents who had a hospitalized child in an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: The STAI was applied to a group of 120 mothers and 90 fathers who had a hospitalized child in the ICU in a pediatric hospital. The analysis consisted of the assessment of the structural properties of the test through the construct validity found in the factorial analysis with a varimax rotation by the principal component methods and reliability by the Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: Adequate factorial burdens were obtained for both state and trait anxiety factors, initially proposed by the authors. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients in each subgroup and in the global were established over 0.83: so the percentiles also were reported. The structural validity was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: In this way the inventory and new standards can be used with better reliability in this type of sampling in subsequent and different clinical research condition.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Criança Hospitalizada , Saúde da Família , Pais/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Psicológicos , Adulto Jovem
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