A smart material for the in situ detection of mercury in fish.

We have developed a new fluorogenic polymer capable of detecting the presence of mercury contamination in fish samples. The modified polymer emits blue light when irradiated with UV light proportional to the quantity of mercury, as MeHg+ or Hg2+, present in fish. The quantitative relation between the concentration of mercury in fish and the increase of fluorescence in the polymer in contact with fish samples was confirmed, giving rise to quick and reliable results in the measurements of the presence of mercury in fish using a portable fluorogenic polymeric probe.

Structural Conformers of (1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)ethanethioamides: The Balance between Thioamide Rotation and Preservation of Classical Sulfur-Sulfur Hypervalent Bonds.

The reaction of N-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-N-alkylisopropylamines and S2Cl2 gave 4-N-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-N-alkylamino-5-chloro-1,2-dithiol-3-thiones that quantitatively cycloadded to dimethyl or diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give stable thioacid chlorides, which in turn reacted with one equivalent of aniline or a thiole to give thioanilides or a dithioester. Several compounds of this series showed atropisomers that were studied by a combination of dynamic NMR, simulation of the signals, conformational analysis by DFT methods, and single crystal X-ray diffraction, showing a good correlation between the theoretical calculations, the experimental values of energies, and the preferred conformations in the solid state. The steric hindering of the crowded substitution at the central amine group was found to be the reason for the presence of permanent atropisomers in this series of compounds and the cause of a unique disposition of the thioxo group at close-to-right angles with respect to the plane defined by the 1,3-dithiole ring in the dithiafulvene derivatives, thus breaking the sulfur-sulfur hypervalent bond that is always found in this kind of compounds.

Synthesis of pyrrolidine-fused 1,3-dithiolane oligomers by the cycloaddition of polycyclic dithiolethiones to maleimides and evaluation as mercury(II) indicators.

The scandium triflate-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of polycyclic 1,2-dithiolethiones to maleimides is described. The reaction constitutes an easy approach to linear as well as branched oligomeric cis-fused dihydro[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione rings interconnected by 3,5-diylidenethiomorpholine-2,6-dithione or ylidene-6-thioxo[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-b][1,4]thiazin-3-one groups. The presence of highly colored, highly polarized push-pull α,ß-unsaturated thione groups in their structures make these compounds sensitive to the presence of mercury(II) cation in organic or mixed organic/aqueous solvents.

Turn-on fluorogenic probes for the selective and quantitative detection of the cyanide anion from natural sources.

We report new indene derivatives that are good fluorogenic probes for the cyanide anion, one of which is a highly selective and sensitive fluorogenic probe for the fluorescent detection--as well as reliable quantification--of the cyanide anion in water or buffer, with a 10(3)-fold increase of fluorescence and low detection limit. It is therefore useful for the quantification of natural cyanide from aqueous extracts of green almond seeds, thus proving that the system is suitable for fast detection and quantification of cyanide from natural sources.

Complementary regioselectivity in the synthesis of iminohydantoins: remarkable effect of amide substitution on the cyclization.

Complementary regioselective synthesis of iminohydantoins from isocyanoacetamides controlled by the substituent on the amide group has been described. 4-Iminohydantoins were the major products when the starting materials were N-alkyl isocyanoamides, whereas 2-iminohydantoins were the major products with N-aryl isocyanoamides.

Evaluación clínica abierta multicéntrica no aleatorizada y prospectiva de la efectividad de una emulsión a base de ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados, Aloe barbadensis y Mimosa tenuiflora (Mepentol® Leche) en diferentes tipos de pacientes con riesgo de ulceración / Multicentric prospective non randomized open clinical evaluation of the efficacy of an emulsion based on hyperoxigenated fatty acids Aloe barbadensis and Mimosa tenuiflora (Mepentol® Leche) in different types of patients with risk of ulceration

Las úlceras de la extremidad inferior suponen un grave problema sanitario que afecta a un gran número de pacientes, constituyendo por ello un gran reto de trabajo para los profesionales de la salud. Los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados (AGHO) han demostrado tener eficacia en la prevención de este tipo de úlceras. Gracias a los buenos resultados obtenidos en un estudio previo, nos planteamos seguir evaluando la efectividad del producto Mepentol® Leche, una emulsión a base de ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados, Aloe barbadensis y Mimosa tenuiflora, en el cuidado de la piel y alivio de los síntomas en pacientes con este problema, pero ampliando el tamaño de la muestra y centrándonos en pacientes diabéticos junto con otras enfermedades concomitantes. Además, en este estudio se ha implicado a profesionales de enfermería de seis provincias: Almería, Alicante, Granada, Sevilla, Málaga y Ceuta. De nuevo con este estudio, realizado en un total de 2.145 pacientes, hemos demostrado que ningún paciente ha ulcerado durante el tiempo de seguimiento y tratamiento con Mepentol® Leche y que su aplicación sistemática mejora claramente los síntomas previos a la aparición de úlceras, evitando la sequedad cutánea, reduciendo el prurito, escozor, dolor y eccema, y devolviendo la piel de estos pacientes a su coloración normal (AU)

The lower extremity wounds are a serious health problem that affects a large number of patients, thereby assuming a great challenge to work for health professionals. Hyperoxygenated fatty acids (AGHO), have demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of this type of ulcers. Thanks to the good results obtained in a previous study, we plan to continue evaluating the effectiveness of Mepentol® Leche, an emulsion-based hyper-oxygenated fatty acids, Aloe barbadensis and Mimosa tenuiflora in skin care and relief of symptoms, in patients with this problem, but expanding the sample size and focusing on diabetic patients with concomitant diseases. Also in this study have been involving nurses in six provinces: Almería, Alicante, Granada, Seville, Malaga and Ceuta. Again with this study, a total of 2,145 patients, we demonstrated that no patient has ulcerated during the follow-up and treatment with Mepentol® Leche and its systematic application significantly improves the symptoms before the onset of ulcers, preventing dryness skin, reducing itching, burning, pain and eczema, and returning the skin of these patients to their normal color (AU)

A new selective chromogenic and turn-on fluorogenic probe for copper(II) in water-acetonitrile 1:1 solution.

A quinoline-indene derivative is described as a new highly selective and sensitive chromogenic and turn-on fluorogenic probe for the naked-eye detection of copper(II) cation in water-acetonitrile 1:1 mixture.

Synthesis of benzodiazepine beta-turn mimetics by an Ugi 4CC/Staudinger/aza-Wittig sequence. Solving the conformational behavior of the Ugi 4CC adducts.

5-Oxobenzo[e][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamides were synthesized by sequential Ugi reaction-Staudinger/aza-Wittig cyclization. The pseudopeptidic backbone of the new benzodiazepine derivatives superimposed well with type I, I', II, and II' beta-turn motifs. The intermediate Ugi adducts were characterized as two conformers of the enol form by the correlation between (1)H NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction structures of model compounds.

Colorimetric detection of Cu[II] cation and acetate, benzoate, and cyanide anions by cooperative receptor binding in new alpha,alpha'-bis-substituted donor-acceptor ferrocene sensors.

New ferrocene derivatives bearing two donor-acceptor systems are capable of selectively sensing cations and anions by cooperative binding of the two alpha,alpha'-groups bonded to the ferrocene nucleus, thus permitting the naked-eye selective colorimetric detection of copper[II] cation and acetate, benzoate, or cyanide anions, which are ions of toxicological and biological relevance.

[Prevention of vascular ulcers and diabetic foot. Non-randomized open clinical evaluation on the effectiveness of "Mepentol Leche"]. / Prevención de ulceras vasculares y pie diabético. Evaluación clínica abierta no aleatorizada sobre la efectividad de Mepentol Leche.

INTRODUCTION: Vascular ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers present a health serious problem which affects a large number of patients, creating a major challenge for health professionals. Hyper-oxygenated fatty acid dressings have proven to be effective thanks to their favorable action on the skin in three ways: increasing the microcirculation of the blood, promoting the renovation of the epidermic cells, and notably increasing cutaneous hydration. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of Mepentol Leche, an emulsion based on Hyper-oxygenated fatty acids, Aloe barbadensis and Mimosa tenuiflora, used to treat the skin and alleviate symptoms in patients who suffer from vascular ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS: Clinical evaluation carried out between June 2004 and December 2005. 195 patients were studied. The parameters for inclusion in this study were 32.82% for venous pathology 35.90% for skin care, 26.67% due to arterial pathology, and 4.62% for a lymphatic pathology. These patients were evaluated over a one month period and each had a follow-up by means of a data collection file. The guideline to apply this product was twice a day and always over integral skin. The effectiveness of this product has been established based on these epigraphs: symptoms of itching, smarting and pain, and skin conditions: color, dryness, edema, maceration, rashes, and desquamation. RESULTS: Not one patient developed new lesions in healthy skin protected by Mepentol Leche. Symptoms linked to this pathology saw improvements in these percents: itching 96%, smarting 93%, and pain 96%, and skin conditions: color 100%, edema 90%, maceration 96%, rashes 92%, and desquamation 100%. Health professionals' evaluation of this product has been highly favorable in regards to ease of use, tolerance, absorption, and ease of application. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the benefits in applying this product systematically to alleviate the symptoms prior to the appearance of ulcers, thus avoiding skin dryness and reducing itching, smarting, pain and eczema while returning normal color to the skin.

Prevención de úlceras vasculares y pie diabético. Evaluación clínica abierta no aleatorizada sobre la efectividad de Mepentol Leche / Prevention of vascular ulcers and diabetic foot. Non-randomized open clinical evaluation on the effectiveness of "Mepentol Leche"

Introducción: las úlceras vasculares y úlceras de pie diabético constituyen un grave problema sanitario que afecta a un gran número de pacientes, suponiendo por ello un gran reto de trabajo para los profesionales de la salud. Los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados (AGHO) han demostrado tener eficacia gracias a su acción favorable sobre la piel en tres puntos: aumentando la microcirculación sanguínea, impulsando la renovación celular epidérmica y mejorando notablemente la hidratación cutánea. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del producto Mepentol Leche, una emulsión a base de ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados, Aloe barbadensis y Mimosa tenuiflora, en el cuidado de la piel y el alivio de los síntomas, en pacientes con úlceras vasculares y úlceras de pie diabético. Métodos: evaluación clínica realizada entre junio de 2004 a diciembre de 2005. Se estudia un total de 195 pacientes. Los parámetros de inclusión han sido: por patología venosa (32,82%), cuidado de la piel (35,90%), patología arterial (26,67%) y patología linfática (4,62%). Los pacientes han sido evaluados durante un mes y se ha realizado un seguimiento de cada uno de ellos mediante una ficha de recogida de datos. La pauta de aplicación del producto ha sido de dos veces al día y siempre en piel íntegra. La efectividad del producto se ha establecido en base a los siguientes epígrafes: sintomatología (prurito, escozor y dolor) y condiciones de la piel (coloración, sequedad, edema, maceración, eritema y descamación). Resultados: ningún paciente ha desarrollado nuevas lesiones en la piel sana protegida con Mepentol Leche. Los síntomas asociados mejoran en: prurito (96%), escozor (93%), dolor (96%), coloración de la piel (100%), edema (90%), maceración (96%), eritema (92%) y descamación (100%). La valoración del producto por parte de los profesionales ha sido muy buena respecto a la comodidad, tolerabilidad, absorción y facilidad de aplicación. Conclusiones: se demuestran los beneficios de su aplicación sistemática en el alivio de los síntomas previos a la aparición de úlceras, evitando la sequedad cutánea, reduciendo el prurito, escozor, dolor y eczema, y devolviendo la piel a su coloración normal

INTRODUCTION: Vascular ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers present a health serious problem which affects a large number of patients, creating a major challenge for health professionals. Hyper-oxygenated fatty acid dressings have proven to be effective thanks to their favorable action on the skin in three ways: increasing the microcirculation of the blood, promoting the renovation of the epidermic cells, and notably increasing cutaneous hydration. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of Mepentol Leche, an emulsion based on Hyper-oxygenated fatty acids, Aloe barbadensis and Mimosa tenuiflora, used to treat the skin and alleviate symptoms in patients who suffer from vascular ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS: Clinical evaluation carried out between June 2004 and December 2005. 195 patients were studied. The parameters for inclusion in this study were 32.82% for venous pathology 35.90% for skin care, 26.67% due to arterial pathology, and 4.62% for a lymphatic pathology. These patients were evaluated over a one month period and each had a follow-up by means of a data collection file. The guideline to apply this product was twice a day and always over integral skin. The effectiveness of this product has been established based on these epigraphs: symptoms of itching, smarting and pain, and skin conditions: color, dryness, edema, maceration, rashes, and desquamation. RESULTS: Not one patient developed new lesions in healthy skin protected by Mepentol Leche. Symptoms linked to this pathology saw improvements in these percents: itching 96%, smarting 93%, and pain 96%, and skin conditions: color 100%, edema 90%, maceration 96%, rashes 92%, and desquamation 100%. Health professionals' evaluation of this product has been highly favorable in regards to ease of use, tolerance, absorption, and ease of application. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the benefits in applying this product systematically to alleviate the symptoms prior to the appearance of ulcers, thus avoiding skin dryness and reducing itching, smarting, pain and eczema while returning normal color to the skin