Immunoglobulin G4-Related Aortitis and Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis Treated With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Immunosuppression.

IgG4-related disease is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disorder with multisystemic involvement. Aortitis and peri-aortitis are the most common cardiovascular manifestations of the disease. We present the case of a 65-year-old man with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and concomitant IgG4 aortitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by IgG4 serum levels, positive positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) scans, and pathology from mediastinal dissection. Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) was unfeasible owing to extensive mediastinal fibrosis, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was successfully performed. As ascending aorta access for SAVR in IgG4 aortitis with long-run fibrosis entails a high risk of mortality, TAVR could be considered in certain suitable patients.

Perception of Safety and Liking Associated to the Colour Intervention of Bike Lanes: Contribution from the Behavioural Sciences to Urban Design and Wellbeing.

The perception of colour and its subjective effects are key issues to designing safe and enjoyable bike lanes. This paper addresses the relationship between the colours of bike lane interventions-in particular pavement painting and intersection design-and the subjective evaluation of liking, visual saliency, and perceived safety related to such an intervention. Utilising images of three real bike lane intersections modified by software to change their colour (five in total), this study recruited 538 participants to assess their perception of all fifteen colour-design combinations. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with the Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to assess the effect of the main conditions (colour and design) on the dependent variables (liking towards the intervention, level of visual saliency of the intersection, and perceived safety of the bike lane). The results showed that the colour red was more positively associated to the outcome variables, followed by yellow and blue. Additionally, it was observed that the effect of colour widely outweighs the effect of design, suggesting that the right choice and use of colour would increase the effectiveness on bike-lanes pavement interventions. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Evaluación de la contaminación microbiana en las resinas de fotocurado utilizada por estudiantes de odontología en sus prácticas clínicas / Evaluation of microbial contamination in the light-curing composite used by dental students in their clinical practices

Introducción: Durante la práctica odonto - lógica se desarrollan procedimientos que favorecen la contaminación del ambiente de trabajo, por consiguiente, la presencia de microorganismos en los materiales emplea - dos en la atención clínica constituyen un riesgo de transmisión de agentes patógenos ocasionando infecciones cruzadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la contaminación micro - biana en las resinas de fotocurado utilizadas en la atención clínica de los pacientes que asisten a las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Envigado. Materiales y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo experimental de 46 muestras de resi - na manipuladas por los estudiantes durante la atención clínica; dos jeringas de resina nuevas y dos palillos estériles conformaron el grupo control. Las muestras de resina se depositaron en caldo BHI y después de 48h de incubación a 37°C se realizó una lectura de la turbidez en los caldos. Las muestras contaminadas se sembraron en medios de cultivo sólidos y las colonias fueron descritas por sus características macroscópicas y microscópicas. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 21.0 y se calculó el coeficiente Chi-cuadrado Resultados: El 34,8% de las resinas estaban contaminadas por bacterias del género Staphylococcus y bacilos Gram positivos. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la contaminación de las resinas y la frecuencia de uso ( p >0,05) Conclusiones: Se comprobó que con sólo un uso de la resina después del procedi- miento clínico en un paciente es suficiente para promover su contaminación, por lo tanto el remanente de la resina puede ser considerado como uno de los vehículos responsables de contaminación cruzada.

Background: Some procedures that are performed during the daily dental practice might favor environmental contamina - tion by microorganisms. Therefore, their presence in materials that are routinely used in the dental office constitutes a risk of transmitting pathogen agents, thereby causing cross-contamination. Aim: To evaluate microbial contamina - tion of light-curing composites previously used in patients at the School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Envigado campus. Materials and Methods: The experimental group consisted of 46 composite samples extracted from previously-used composite syringes. Composite from two as-received syringes and two sterile toothpicks were used as the control group. Samples were deposited in BHI broth for 48 hours at 37°C. After this time, a turbidity reading was performed. Contaminated samples were seeded in solid culture media and colonies were described according to their macro and microscopic characteristics. The SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used and Chi-square coefficient was calculated. Results: 34.8% of composites were contaminated by Staphylococcus sp and Gram positive bacillus. No statistical significant differences between composite contamination and frequency of use were observed (p >0,05). Conclusions: Composite microbial contamination after a single use was demonstrated. Therefore, composite remnants contained in previously-used syringes might be responsible for cross-contamination.