A Novel Injectable Piezoelectric Hydrogel for Periodontal Disease Treatment.

Periodontal disease is a multifactorial, bacterially induced inflammatory condition characterized by the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. The successful nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis requires multifunctional technologies offering antibacterial therapies and promotion of bone regeneration simultaneously. For the first time, in this study, an injectable piezoelectric hydrogel (PiezoGEL) was developed after combining gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with biocompatible piezoelectric fillers of barium titanate (BTO) that produce electrical charges when stimulated by biomechanical vibrations (e.g., mastication, movements). We harnessed the benefits of hydrogels (injectable, light curable, conforms to pocket spaces, biocompatible) with the bioactive effects of piezoelectric charges. A thorough biomaterial characterization confirmed piezoelectric fillers' successful integration with the hydrogel, photopolymerizability, injectability for clinical use, and electrical charge generation to enable bioactive effects (antibacterial and bone tissue regeneration). PiezoGEL showed significant reductions in pathogenic biofilm biomass (∼41%), metabolic activity (∼75%), and the number of viable cells (∼2-3 log) compared to hydrogels without BTO fillers in vitro. Molecular analysis related the antibacterial effects to be associated with reduced cell adhesion (downregulation of porP and fimA) and increased oxidative stress (upregulation of oxyR) genes. Moreover, PiezoGEL significantly enhanced bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) viability and osteogenic differentiation by upregulating RUNX2, COL1A1, and ALP. In vivo, PiezoGEL effectively reduced periodontal inflammation and increased bone tissue regeneration compared to control groups in a mice model. Findings from this study suggest PiezoGEL to be a promising and novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease nonsurgically.

A Comparative Study of HA/DBM Compounds Derived from Bovine and Porcine for Bone Regeneration.

This comparative study investigated the tissue regeneration and inflammatory response induced by xenografts comprised of hydroxyapatite (HA) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) extracted from porcine (P) and bovine (B) sources. First, extraction of HA and DBM was independently conducted, followed by chemical and morphological characterization. Second, mixtures of HA/DBM were prepared in 50/50 and 60/40 concentrations, and the chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties were evaluated. A rat calvarial defect model was used to evaluate the tissue regeneration and inflammatory responses at 3 and 6 months. The commercial allograft DBM Puros® was used as a clinical reference. Different variables related to tissue regeneration were evaluated, including tissue thickness regeneration (%), amount of regenerated bone area (%), and amount of regenerated collagen area (%). The inflammatory response was evaluated by quantifying the blood vessel area. Overall, tissue regeneration from porcine grafts was superior to bovine. After 3 months of implantation, the tissue thickness regeneration in the 50/50P compound and the commercial DBM was significantly higher (~99%) than in the bovine materials (~23%). The 50/50P and DBM produced higher tissue regeneration than the naturally healed controls. Similar trends were observed for the regenerated bone and collagen areas. The blood vessel area was correlated with tissue regeneration in the first 3 months of evaluation. After 6 months of implantation, HA/DBM compounds showed less regenerated collagen than the DBM-only xenografts. In addition, all animal-derived xenografts improved tissue regeneration compared with the naturally healed defects. No clinical complications associated with any implanted compound were noted.

Smart dental materials for antimicrobial applications.

Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli (e.g., mechanical, chemical, electrical, or magnetic signals). The last decades have seen exponential growth in the use and development of smart dental biomaterials for antimicrobial applications in dentistry. These biomaterial systems offer improved efficacy and controllable bio-functionalities to prevent infections and extend the longevity of dental devices. This review article presents the current state-of-the-art of design, evaluation, advantages, and limitations of bioactive and stimuli-responsive and autonomous dental materials for antimicrobial applications. First, the importance and classification of smart biomaterials are discussed. Second, the categories of bioresponsive antibacterial dental materials are systematically itemized based on different stimuli, including pH, enzymes, light, magnetic field, and vibrations. For each category, their antimicrobial mechanism, applications, and examples are discussed. Finally, we examined the limitations and obstacles required to develop clinically relevant applications of these appealing technologies.

A segmental osteotomy with 3D virtual planning to move a malpositioned dental implant.

BACKGROUND: Correct positioning and alignment of dental implants are crucial to successfully meet the aesthetic and functional criteria in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. When an implant is in the wrong position, especially in the esthetical zone, there are limited options to solve it. Some techniques have been described to reposition implants, such as reverse torque, trephine drills, and segmental osteotomies; current approaches aim to reduce the damage of the periimplant tissues. CASE PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old man with good general health was referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of the CES University, Medellin Colombia in 2017, He had undergone a previous camouflage orthodontic therapy for a dental Class III, which finished in 2014, posteriorly a dental implant was placed in 2015 to replace upper right lateral incisor (1.2) before vertical growth of maxilla was complete; therefore, the implant was retained in a coronal position. A segmental osteotomy was suggested to reposition the implant in a more caudal position, a 3D surgical cut guide obtained by virtual planning was used to increase osteotomy accuracy and lower human error, to avoid the risk of damaging the adjacent tissues and to achieve a predictable result. CONCLUSIONS: The segmental alveolar osteotomy is an effective alternative to reposition an implant; however, it must be carefully planned because human error remains a possibility that may affect the final result. Therefore, 3D planning is a better way to minimize these mistakes during the surgical procedure and the final position of the implant.

Capilaroscopia en esclerosis sistémica: una revisión narrativa de la literatura / Capillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis: a narrative literature review

La capilaroscopia del lecho ungular es una herramienta relativamente poco conocida fuera de las áreas de reumatología y dermatología, que permite observar la forma, cantidad y organización de los capilares en el lecho ungular. Históricamente, su uso ha sido poco difundido, en parte, por el requerimiento de entrenamiento y equipo especializado, así como la pobre estandarización de este método diagnóstico. No obstante, en los últimos arios y gracias al renovado interés y esfuerzo investigativo de la comunidad académica, se han podido superar estos problemas, convirtiendo la capilaroscopia en un recurso real para el estudio de la microcirculación, siendo especialmente útil en la diferenciación del fenómeno de Raynaud primario del secundario. Estas bondades le han permitido a la capilaroscopia ganar importancia en el ámbito reumatológico, específicamente en el diagnóstico temprano de la esclerosis sistémica, enfermedad con importante afección de la microcirculación, donde la alteración del patrón capilaroscópico permite, además, predecir la aparición de complicaciones como úlceras digitales y compromiso orgánico.

Nailfold capillaroscopy is relatively little known tool outside the areas of rheumatology and dermatology. It is used to observe the shape, number and organisation of the capillaries in the nail bed. It has not been widely used in the past, partly as it required specialised training and equipment, as well as the poor standardisation of this diagnostic method. However, in recent years, thanks to renewed interest and research effort of the academic community, these problems have been able to be overcome, turning capillaroscopy intoreal resource for the study of microcirculation, being especially useful in differentiating primary from secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon. These benefits have enabled capillaroscopy to gain importance in the rheumatology field, specifically in the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis, a disease with significant microcirculation involvement, where the change in capillaroscopy pattern also helps to predict the onset of complications, such as digital ulcers and organ compromise.

Cuándo emplear PUVA o NB-UVB en micosis fungoide / When to use PUVA or NB-UVB in mycosis fungoides

La micosis fungoide es un linfoma cutáneo de células T de etiología desconocida que afecta principalmente a la población adulta. En sus fases iniciales la fototerapia sigue siendo una de las principales opciones terapéuticas. La terapia con NB-UVB en estadios tempranos IA-IB en parches y placas delgadas ofrece ventajas sobre el PUVA, debido a su mejor tolerancia y menores efectos secundarios; la terapia PUVA sigue siendo la elección en micosis fungoide en placas de mayor grosor. En cuanto a la terapia de mantenimiento se plantea que podría estar asociada a mayor radiación acumulada, sin lograr prevenir futuras lesiones, siendo el antecedente de recaída el principal factor predisponente para presentar nuevas lesiones en el futuro.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of unknown etiology that primarily affects the adult population. In early stages of the disease phototherapy is a major therapeutic option. At the time NB-UVB therapy in early stages IA-IB patchy and thin plaques offers advantages over PUVA, due to its better tolerance and fewer side effects, the PUVA therapy remains the choice to MF in thinner plaques. The maintenance therapy is posed that could be associated with higher accumulation of radiation without achieving prevents future lesions, being the history of relapse the main predisposing factor to present new lesions in the future.

Tricofoliculoma de presentación temprana / Trichofolliculoma of early presentation

El tricofoliculoma es un hamartoma con diferenciación folicular. Se trata de un raro tumor benigno, de predominio en adultos, entre la segunda y sexta décadas de la vida, que afecta principalmente cara y cuello. La mayoría de casos reportados en la literatura corresponden a pacientes adultos, haciendo poco frecuente su sospecha en edades infantiles. A pesar de ser reconocido por sus características clínicas, el adecuado diagnóstico solo puede ser establecido después de la evaluación histopatológica. Se reporta el caso de un niño de ocho años de edad, con un tricofoliculoma en cuero cabelludo de siete años de evolución, con una respuesta satisfactoria a la cirugía y sin recidiva hasta el momento.

Trichofolliculoma is a hamartoma with follicular differentiation. It is a rare benign tumor that presents mainly in adults, between second and sixth decades of life, which mainly affects the face and neck. Most cases reported in the literature are derived from adult patients, making its suspicion rare in children; despite being recognized by their clinical characteristics, a proper diagnosis can only be established after histopathologic evaluation. We report a case of an 8 year old boy with a 7 year evolution of trichofolliculoma in scalp with a satisfactory response to surgery without recurrence to date.

Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils obtained from plants of the Lamiaceae family against pathogenic and beneficial bacteria / Composición y actividad antibacteriana de aceites esenciales obtenidos de plantas de la familiaLamiaceae contra bacterias patógenas y benéficas / Composição e atividade antibacterina de azeites essenciais obtidos de plantas da família Lamiaceae contra bactérias patogênicas e benéficas

The qualitative composition and antibacterial activity of six essential oils obtained from plants cultivated in the Colombian Andes (Mentha spicata, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris) and a commercial essential oil of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum were investigated. The essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the antibacterial activity of the essential oils against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve was measured as the minimum bacte icidal concentration (MBC) using the agar dilution method. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of 16-28 compounds in each oil, corresponding mainly to phenols, oxygenated and hydrocarbon monoterpenes. O. vulgare and T. vulgaris oils were active at low MBCs (MBC ≤ 5 mg/ml) against all bacteria evaluated, including beneficial microorganisms. In contrast, O. basilicum oil was more active against pathogenic bacteria (MBCs ≤ 10mg/ml) than beneficial bacteria (MBCs of 80 mg/ml). The present study shows that the antimicrobial potential of essential oils depends not only on the chemical composition of the oil but also on the targeted microorganism. This has important practical implications for essential oils intended to be used as feed additives with antibacterial properties for animal nutrition or pharmaceutical products with natural compounds.

Se investigó la composición cualitativa y la actividad antibacteriana de seis aceites esenciales obtenidos de plantas cultivadas en los Andes Colombianos (Mentha spicata, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis y Thymus vulgaris) y un aceite esencial comercial de Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum. La composición de los aceites esenciales fue determinada por cromatografía de gasesespectrofotometría de masas (CG-EM), mientras que la actividad antibacteriana de los aceites esenciales contra Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurim, Lactobacillus acidophilus y Bifidobacterium breve, fue medida como la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) usando el método de dilución en agar. Los análisis químicos revelaron la presencia de16 - 28 compuestos en cada aceite, correspondiendo principalmente a monoterpenos fenolicos, oxigenados e hidrocarbonos. Los aceites de O. vulgare y T. vulgaris fueron activos contra todas las bacterias evaluadas, incluyendo microorganismos benéficos a CMBs bajas (CMB ≤ 5 mg/ml). En contraste, el aceite de O. basilicum fue más activo contra bacterias patógenas (CMBs ≤ 10 mg/ml) en comparación de bacterias benéficas (CMBs de 80 mg/ml). El presente estudio demostró que el potencial antimicrobiano de los aceites esenciales no depende solo de la composición química del aceite sino también del microorganismo por sí mismo. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones prácticas para los aceites esenciales usados como aditivos alimenticios con propiedades antibacterianas para la nutrición animal o productos farmacéuticos con compuestos naturales.

Pesquisou-se a composição qualitativo e a atividade antibacteriana de seis azeites essenciais obtidos de plantas cultivadas nos Andes Colombianos (Mentha spicata, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis e Thymus vulgaris) e um azeite essencial comercial de Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum. A composição dos azeites essenciais foi determinada por cromatografía de gases -espectrofotometría de massas (CM-EM), enquanto a atividade antibacteriana dos azeites essenciais contra Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurim, Lactobacillus acidophilus e Bifidobacterium breve foi medida como a concentração mínima bactericida (CMB) usando o método de diluição em ágar. As análises químicas revelaram a presença de16 - 28 compostos em cada azeite, correspondendo principalmente à monoterpenos fenólicos, hidrocarbonetos e oxigenados. Os azeites de O. vulgare e T. vulgaris foram ativos contra todas as bactérias testadas, incluindo microorganismos benéficos a CMBs baixas (CMB ≤ 5 mg/ml). Em contraste, o azeite de O. basilicum foi mais ativo contra bactérias patogénicas do que bactérias benéficas (CMBs de 80 mg/ml). Este estudo demonstrou o potencial antimicrobiano dos azeites essenciais depende da composição química do azeite e o microorganismo próprio. Estes resultados têm implicações práticas para os azeites essenciais usados como aditivos alimentícios com propriedades antibacterianas para a nutrição animal ou produtos farmacêuticos com produtos naturais.

Estado bucodental en gestantes de la ciudad de Armenia, Colombia / Buco-dental health status on pregnant women in Armenia city, Colombia

Objetivo: La salud bucodental en las gestantes es hoy por hoy un tema de mucha relevancia social cultural y académica, por todos los procesos y cambios que intervienen y se manifiestan en este estado, igualmente la salud bucodental hace parte esencial del bienestar que se debe tener en la gestación para un desarrollo y resultado exitoso de este proceso, por eso el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado bucodental de las gestantes de Armenia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, en el municipio de Armenia (Quindío), se tomaron las gestantes que asisten al control prenatal en la Red de salud del municipio, se incluyeron en total 186 gestantes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección y desearon participar voluntariamente en la investigación. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 22 años, la mayoría (58.3%) con procedencia del Quindío, El 65.9% (122) habían visitado al odontologo durante la actual gestación, Al examen clínico se encontró en el 34.59% de las gestantes presentaban lesiones en tejidos blandos, el 94.05% caries y el 70.27% enfermedad periodontal. Conclusiones: El estado de salud bucodental en las gestantes es alterado con prevalencias altas de enfermedades como caries que se puede decir que es una enfermedad que existe antes de la gestación y adicionalmente la asistencia a consulta odontológica dentro de época de gestación no es en la proporción ideal a las necesidades evidenciadas.

Objective: The pregnant oral health is nowdays a very important issue of socialcultural and academic matter due to chances that can be seen. The oral health is essential for the well-being of pregnant woman. The objective was: To determinate the bucodental status of pregnantwomen in Armenia City.Methods: It was made a observational descriptive study, at the city of Armenia, Quindio. We take the pregnant who assisted to pre-birth control at the city’s services of health. We include 186 pregnants who could meet the selection characteristic and wish to be part of the research. Results: Age average was 22 years, mostly 58.3% From quindio. 65.9% have been at the dentist during the pregnancy. In the clinical examination we found that 34.5% of pregnants showed soft tissue injuries, 94.05% tooth decay and 70.2% periodontal disease. Conclusions: Oral health is pregnants is modificad with prevalences of disease such as tooth decay, the mother did not go for dental care during their pregnancy.