Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with ring sideroblasts/SF3B1 mutation presents with low monocyte count and resembles myelodysplastic syndromes with-RS/SF3B1 mutation in terms of phenotype and prognosis.

Introduction: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with ring sideroblasts (RS) or SF3B1 mutation (MDS-RS/SF3B1) differ in many clinical features, but share others, such as anemia. RS and SF3B1 mutation can also be found in CMML. Methods: We compared CMML with and without RS/SF3B1 and MDS-RS/SF3B1 considering the criteria established by the 2022 World Health Organization classification. Results: A total of 815 patients were included (CMML, n=319, CMML-RS/SF3B1, n=172 and MDS-RS/SF3B1, n=324). The percentage of RS was ≥15% in almost all CMML-RS/SF3B1 patients (169, 98.3%) and most (125, 72.7%) showed peripheral blood monocyte counts between 0.5 and 0.9 x109/L and low risk prognostic categories. CMML-RS/SF3B1 differed significantly from classical CMML in the main clinical characteristics, whereas it resembled MDS-RS/SF3B1. At a molecular level, CMML and CMML-RS/SF3B1 had a significantly higher frequency of mutations in TET2 (mostly multi-hit) and ASXL1 (p=0.013) and CMML had a significantly lower frequency of DNMT3A and SF3B1 mutations compared to CMML/MDS-RS/SF3B1. Differences in the median overall survival among the three groups were statistically significant: 6.75 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.41-8.09) for CMML-RS/SF3B1 vs. 3.17 years (95% CI 2.56-3.79) for CMML vs. 16.47 years (NA) for MDS-RS/SF3B1, p<0.001. Regarding patients with CMML and MDS, both with SF3B1 mutation, survival did not significantly differ. CMML had a higher risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (24% at 8 years, 95%CI 19%-30%). Discussion: CMML-RS/SF3B1 mutation resembles MDS-RS/SF3B1 in terms of phenotype and clearly differs from CMML. The presence of ≥15% RS and/or SF3B1 in CMML is associated with a low monocyte count. SF3B1 mutation clearly improves the prognosis of CMML.

[Bioethics recommendations regarding informed consent in people with disabilities]. / Recomendaciones bioéticas respecto al consentimiento informado de personas con discapacidad.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities promotes the active and responsible participation of this group of people in medical care decision-making. The informed consent is the process which promotes their autonomy for an integral and inclusive approach that enhaces their competence and legal capacity. To protect the validity of the informed consent, some recommendations are proposed. These must improve reception, analysis, and comprehension of medical information through support, and reasonable accommodation focused on the person and the environment, and they must be in agreement with the Convention.

La Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de las Naciones Unidas promueve la participación plena y efectiva de esta población en la toma de decisiones en salud. El consentimiento informado es el proceso que impulsa la autonomía de esta población como esencia del abordaje integral e inclusivo que promueva su competencia y su capacidad jurídica. Para salvaguardar la validez del consentimiento se proponen recomendaciones que optimicen la recepción, el análisis y la comprensión de información médica mediante apoyos y ajustes razonables enfocados en la persona y el entorno, y deben estar en concordancia con la Convención.

Recomendaciones bioéticas respecto al consentimiento informado de personas con discapacidad / Bioethics recommendations regarding informed consent in people with disabilities

La Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de las Naciones Unidas promueve la participación plena y efectiva de esta población en la toma de decisiones en salud. El consentimiento informado es el proceso que impulsa la autonomía de esta población como esencia del abordaje integral e inclusivo que promueva su competencia y su capacidad jurídica. Para salvaguardar la validez del consentimiento se proponen recomendaciones que optimicen la recepción, el análisis y la comprensión de información médica mediante apoyos y ajustes razonables enfocados en la persona y el entorno, y deben estar en concordancia con la Convención.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities promotes the active and responsible participation of this group of people in medical care decision-making. The informed consent is the process which promotes their autonomy for an integral and inclusive approach that enhaces their competence and legal capacity. To protect the validity of the informed consent, some recommendations are proposed. These must improve reception, analysis, and comprehension of medical information through support, and reasonable accommodation focused on the person and the environment, and they must be in agreement with the Convention.

[Efecto de la rehabilitación cardiaca temprana en pacientes incluidos en Código Infarto].

Introduction: Early cardiac rehabilitation (ECR) implemented in the Infarction Code (IC) protocol is a strategy in the care of acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of ECR in IC-included patients. Method: Case-control study. Consecutive patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and admitted to a cardiology hospital between February 2015 and June 2017 were included. Two groups were created: I and II, before and after IC and ECR. Results: We included 1141 patients, 220 in group I and 921 in group II, with an age of 62.64 ± 10.53 years; 80.9 % were males and 19.1 % females. The main risk factors for groups I and II were sedentariness, 92.7 % versus 77.8 %; dyslipidemia, 80.9 % versus 55.8 %; hypertension, 63.2 % versus 62 %; smoking, 66.8 % versus 59.2 %; and diabetes, 54.5 % versus 59.1 %. Rehabilitation was started earlier (1.8 ± 1.6 versus 4.2 ± 3.2) and the days spent in intensive therapy and hospitalization were fewer in group II (2.4 ± 2.2 versus 4.8 ± 4.1 and 8.6 ± 5.2 versus 12.3 ± 7.7, p < 0.0001, respectively), as well as the days of disability (58.6 versus 67.7). Conclusions: IC and ECR are complementary strategies that allow an early discharge from intensive therapy and hospitalization, as well as better quality of life and fewer days of disability leave.

Introducción: La rehabilitación cardiaca temprana (RCT) implementada en el protocolo Código Infarto (CI) es una estrategia en la atención del infarto agudo de miocardio. El objetivo fue identificar el efecto de la RCT en pacientes incluidos en CI. Método: Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio ingresados a un hospital de cardiología entre febrero de 2015 y junio de 2017. Se crearon dos grupos: I y II, antes y después de CI y RCT. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1141 pacientes: 220 del grupo I y 921 del grupo II, edad 62.64 ± 10.53 años; 80.9 % hombres y 19.1 % mujeres. Los principales factores de riesgo para los grupos I y II fueron sedentarismo, 92.7 y 77.8 %; dislipidemia, 80.9 y 55.8 %; hipertensión, 63.2 y 62 %; tabaquismo, 66.8 y 59.2 %; y diabetes, 54.5 y 59.1 %. En el grupo II se inició antes la rehabilitación (1.8 ± 1.6 y 4.2 ± 3.2) y los días en terapia intensiva y hospitalización fueron menores (2.4 ± 2.2 y 4.8 ± 4.1; 8.6 ± 5.2 y 12.3 ± 7.7), así como los días de incapacidad (58.6 y 67.7). Conclusiones: CI y RCT son estrategias complementarias que permiten alta temprana de terapia intensiva y hospitalización, mejor calidad de vida y menos días de incapacidad laboral.

Efecto de la rehabilitación cardiaca temprana en pacientes incluidos en Código Infarto / Effect of early cardiac rehabilitation in patients included in Codigo Infarto

Resumen Introducción: La rehabilitación cardiaca temprana (RCT) implementada en el protocolo Código Infarto (CI) es una estrategia en la atención del infarto agudo de miocardio. El objetivo fue identificar el efecto de la RCT en pacientes incluidos en CI. Método: Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio ingresados a un hospital de cardiología entre febrero de 2015 y junio de 2017. Se crearon dos grupos: I y II, antes y después de CI y RCT. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1141 pacientes: 220 del grupo I y 921 del grupo II, edad 62.64 ± 10.53 años; 80.9 % hombres y 19.1 % mujeres. Los principales factores de riesgo para los grupos I y II fueron sedentarismo, 92.7 y 77.8 %; dislipidemia, 80.9 y 55.8 %; hipertensión, 63.2 y 62 %; tabaquismo, 66.8 y 59.2 %; y diabetes, 54.5 y 59.1 %. En el grupo II se inició antes la rehabilitación (1.8 ± 1.6 y 4.2 ± 3.2) y los días en terapia intensiva y hospitalización fueron menores (2.4 ± 2.2 y 4.8 ± 4.1; 8.6 ± 5.2 y 12.3 ± 7.7), así como los días de incapacidad (58.6 y 67.7). Conclusiones: CI y RCT son estrategias complementarias que permiten alta temprana de terapia intensiva y hospitalización, mejor calidad de vida y menos días de incapacidad laboral.

Abstract Introduction: Early cardiac rehabilitation (ECR) implemented in the Infarction Code (IC) protocol is a strategy in the care of acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of ECR in IC-included patients. Method: Case-control study. Consecutive patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and admitted to a cardiology hospital between February 2015 and June 2017 were included. Two groups were created: I and II, before and after IC and ECR. Results: We included 1141 patients, 220 in group I and 921 in group II, with an age of 62.64 ± 10.53 years; 80.9 % were males and 19.1 % females. The main risk factors for groups I and II were sedentariness, 92.7 % versus 77.8 %; dyslipidemia, 80.9 % versus 55.8 %; hypertension, 63.2 % versus 62 %; smoking, 66.8 % versus 59.2 %; and diabetes, 54.5 % versus 59.1 %. Rehabilitation was started earlier (1.8 ± 1.6 versus 4.2 ± 3.2) and the days spent in intensive therapy and hospitalization were fewer in group II (2.4 ± 2.2 versus 4.8 ± 4.1 and 8.6 ± 5.2 versus 12.3 ± 7.7, p < 0.0001, respectively), as well as the days of disability (58.6 versus 67.7). Conclusions: IC and ECR are complementary strategies that allow an early discharge from intensive therapy and hospitalization, as well as better quality of life and fewer days of disability leave.

Survival rates and worker compensation expenses in a national cohort of Mexican workers with permanent occupational disability caused by diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Permanent occupational disability is one of the most severe consequences of diabetes that impedes the performance of usual working activities among economically active individuals. Survival rates and worker compensation expenses have not previously been examined among Mexican workers. We aimed to describe the worker compensation expenses derived from pension payments and also to examine the survival rates and characteristics associated with all-cause mortality, in a cohort of 34,014 Mexican workers with permanent occupational disability caused by diabetes during the years 2000-2013 at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis study was conducted using national administrative records data from the entire country, regarding permanent occupational disability medical certification, pension payment and vital status. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) in order to assess the cohort characteristics and all-cause mortality risk. Total expenses derived from pension payments for the period were accounted for in U.S. dollars (USD, 2013). RESULTS: There were 12,917 deaths in 142,725.1 person-years. Median survival time was 7.26 years. After multivariate adjusted analysis, males (HR, 1.39; 95 % CI, 1.29-1.50), agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers (HR, 1.41; 95 % CI, 1.15-1.73) and renal complications (HR, 3.49; 95 % CI, 3.18-3.83) had the highest association with all-cause mortality. The all-period expenses derived from pension payments amounted to $777.78 million USD (2013), and showed a sustained increment: from $58.28 million USD in 2000 to $111.62 million USD in 2013 (percentage increase of 91.5 %). CONCLUSIONS: Mexican workers with permanent occupational disability caused by diabetes had a median survival of 7.26 years, and those with renal complications showed the lowest survival in the cohort. Expenses derived from pension payments amounted to $ 777 million USD and showed an important increase from 2000 to 2013.

[Gait, balance and independence rehabilitation program in elderly adults in a primary care unit]. / Programa para la rehabilitación funcional del adulto mayor. Mejorar la marcha, el equilibrio y la independencia.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of a supervised rehabilitation program to improve gait, balance and independence in elderly patients attending a family medicine unit. METHODS: we conducted a quasi-experimental study over a period of four weeks in a group of 72 patients older than 65 years. INTERVENTION: a supervised program regarding the risk factors for falling, and balance, gait, coordination and oculovestibular system, the modalities to be done two or three times a week in the primary care unit or at home. An analysis of both tests was performed by "up and go," Tinetti scale and the Katz index. ANALYSIS: "intention to treat" and "by protocol." RESULTS: mean age was 72 ± 5 years, 67.8% were female and 81.9% of the patients completed the program. A significant clinical improvement with statistical level were evident for gait and balance (p = 0.001), independence showed only clinical improvement (p = 0.083). The efficacy for periodicity (two or three times/week) and performance place showed same clinical improvement and statistical level for gait and balance (p = 0.001 to 0.003) and independence showed only clinical improvement (p = 0.317 to 0.991). CONCLUSIONS: an integral rehabilitation program improved gait, balance and clinical independence significantly. The supervised program is applicable and can be reproduced at primary care unit or home for geriatric care and preventive actions.

Objetivo: evaluar un programa de rehabilitación de la marcha, equilibrio e independencia supervisado para adultos mayores en el primer nivel de atención. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental de 72 adultos mayores de 65 años de edad que recibieron orientación de factores de riesgo de caída, entrenamiento de marcha, equilibrio e independencia, dos o tres veces por semana en la unidad médica o en el domicilio por cuatro semanas. Se aplicó prueba levántate y anda, escala de Tinetti e índice de Katz. Análisis estadístico: intención a tratar y por protocolo. Resultados: 81.9 % completó el programa, la edad promedio fue de 72 ± 5 años; 67.8 % fue del sexo femenino. Se demostró mejoría estadísticamente significativa en la marcha y el equilibrio (p = 0.001) y sin significación estadística para independencia (p = 0.083). En los subgrupos que acudieron a la unidad médica adversus domicilio se observó mejoría con significación estadística solo en la marcha y el equilibrio (p = 0.001-0.003) y solo mejoría con relevancia clínica en la independencia (p = 0.317 a 1.000). Conclusiones: el programa es aplicable con resultados significativos en el primer nivel de atención.

[Clinical guideline for rehabilitation of patients with cervical whiplash at the primary care level]. / Guía clínica: para la rehabilitación del paciente con esguince cervical, en el primer nivel de atención.

Whiplash is a sprain of the ligament with strain of the paraspinal muscles due to acceleration or back acceleration of energy transmitted to the neck. The symptoms are neck pain, neck stiffness, muscular spasm and a multitude of discomforts that affect job-related and activities of daily living. In 2000, the Mexican Social Security System treated more than 15,000 cases of whiplash due to job-related activities. With this information, we organized an expert team in order to develop guidelines using methodology of evidence-based medicine and with a focus on early treatment prescribed by the general practitioner in order for the patient to obtain quick relief and to return the patient to his job and to his daily living activities as soon as possible.

[Clinical guidelines for the prevention of falls in elderly people]. / Guia de práctica clínica para la prevencion de caídas en el adulto mayor.

Demographic changes in our population are focusing on the health providers to prevent or minimize functional impairments resulting from the various chronic and multiple illnesses to which the elderly are prone. Because of that, we developed strategies that can help us to take decisions in order to identify the risk factors, and to prescribe preventive and rehabilitation programs. With this background, we organized an expert team to develop this guideline with evidence based on medicine methodology, and focus on the first level treatment prescribed by the general practitioner, with the participation of the health team and the support networks.