[Structural and functional changes in the retina of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and compensated intraocular pressure while undergoing retinoprotective therapy]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye izmeneniia setchatki u patsientov s pervichnoi otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi pri kompensirovannom vnutriglaznom davlenii na fone retinoprotektornoi terapii.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intramuscular Retinalamin for retinoprotection in patients with open-angle glaucoma and normalized intraocular pressure (IOP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 180 patients (355 eyes) randomized into the main (n=90) and control groups (n=90). The patients of the main group received intramuscular Retinalamin injections; the course was repeated 6 months later. Patient examination was performed at 1, 3, 6, 7, 9 and 12 months. RESULTS: Vision acuity did not change in the main group after the treatment courses (p=0.3732, p=0.6862), nor in the control group (p=0.7751). IOP didn't have significant changes during the whole course of the study neither in the main group (p=0.7632), nor in the control group (p=0.3921). MD index in the main group has increased from -5.52±2.76 to -4.82±2.73 dB (measurements from 6 visits: p=0.0391, p=0.0201, p=0.0302, p=0.3708, p=0.0151, p=0.0353). Control group showed negative MD trend (from -3.51±1.84 to -4.60±2.61 dB; p=0.0012). PSD index has changed from 4.63±1.60 to 4.05±1.43 dB (p=0.0081) in the main group, and from 3.73±1.19 to 4.29±1.53 dB (p=0.0027) in the control group. Average thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the volume of neuroretinal rim were stable in both the main (p=0.8039, p=0.9005) and the control groups (p=0.7448, p=0.9620). Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness remained stable in the main group (p=0.0377), but has decreased in the control group (p=0.0250). P50 amplitude and latency were stable in the main group (6.54±2.61-6.53±2.64 µV, p=0.0479; 48.39±3.69-50.86±4.09 ms, p=0.0271), while in the control group P50 amplitude has decreased (p=0,0031) and the latency has increased (p=0,0194). In the main group, N95 amplitude has stabilized (p=0.0141) with worsened latency (p=0.0492). N95 amplitude in the control group has worsened (p=0.0195), while latency has stabilized (p=0.3401). CONCLUSION: Systemic use of Retinalamin has significant retinoprotective effect confirmed by the dynamics of morphological and functional parameters in patients with POAG and IOP compensation.

[Effect of pilocarpine and cycloplegic substances on ophthalmic tone in healthy eyes and ones with glaucoma]. / Vliianie pilokarpina i tsikloplegicheskikh preparatov na oftal'motonus zdorovykh i glaukomnykh glaz.

The study was carried out on the eyes of patients (aged 20-75 eyes) without glaucoma and with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). A single instillation of 1 or 2% pilocarpin hydrochloride did not lead to a decrease of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes without glaucoma. IOP fluctuations after pilocarpin instillations were accidental and as a rule were observed both in the treated and control eyes. Instillations of the same pilocarpin solutions significantly decreased IOP in the eyes with OAG in the majority of cases (in 76% in our study), which is apparently due to removal or decrease of the canalicular block. The results of relieving tonometric pilocarpin test should be taken account of in early diagnosis of glaucoma, but the diagnostic parameters of the test should be determined more precisely. After instillation of short-acting cycloplegic drugs (1% homatropin and 0.5% tropicamide) IOP did not change either in normal or POAG eyes. These drugs are recommended for dilatation of the pupil for ophthalmoscopy in patients with anterior chamber open angle glaucoma.

[Pupilography in early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma]. / Ispol'zovanie metoda pupillografii v ranneí diagnostike pervichnoí otkrytougol'noí glaukomy.

The pupil reactions in young subjects with emmetropic and myopic refraction, in normal subjects aged over 40, and in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are analyzed in relation to the trophic changes in the iris and functional activity of the ciliary muscle. These processes course in parallel with each other, but in POAG the changes in the pupil reaction are preceded by dystrophy of the iris and ciliary body, which is due to a slower conduction of pulses via the conduction routes. This permits the use of pupilography for early diagnosis of POAG.

[The lipid metabolic characteristics of patients with thyroid pathology living in the European north of the USSR]. / Osobennosti lipidnogo obmena u bol'nykh s tireoidnoi patologiei, zhitelei Evropeiskogo Severa SSSR.

The blood content of total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alpha- and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol was measured in 79 patients with diffuse toxic goiter during treatment, in 25 patients with hypothyroidism, in 33 with thyroid hyperplasia, and in 54 healthy women aged 35-60 years from the group of native population of the European North. In all the forms of thyroid dysfunction, the patients manifested dyslipoproteinemia in the form of hypercholesterolemia with an increase of the concentration of beta-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and with a rise of the cholesterol atherogenic index to 4.0 and over. The signs of dyslipoproteinemia were marked to the greatest degree in thyrotoxicosis, at the stages of euthyroidism attainment or disease remissions.

[Correlation of changes of the optic nerve disc and the field of vision in initial open-angle glaucoma]. / O korreliatsii izmenenii diska zritel'nogo nerva i polia zreniia pri nachel'noi otkrytougol'noi glaukome.

Compliance of the optic disc with the visual field has been examined with the Peritest in 137 eyes (90 patients) with initial open-angle glaucoma. Coincidence of the two states has been observed in 54% of cases, no coincidence in the rest. The authors' findings evidence that changes in the visual field have anticipated the optic disc changes in 48% of cases, whereas optic disc shifts have developed before the visual field defects in 52% of cases. An important factor contributing to the compliance of the optic disc with the visual field is, besides the excavation area, the neuroglial ring status, that has been changed in 58% of cases. The authors come to the conclusion that combined changes in the visual field and optic disc are a more reliable criterion confirming the diagnosis of glaucoma.