[Sleep disorders in patients with myastenia gravis]. / Narusheniya sna u bol'nykh miasteniei gravis.

This review analyzes publications that present data on sleep disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The analysis is based on domestic and foreign publications that are freely available over the past 30 years. Sleep disorders, the most significant of which are sleep-related respiratory disorders, are one of the factors that cause quality of life decreasing and mortality in patients with neuromuscular diseases. The issues of prevalence of breathing disorders during sleep, relationship of these disorders with clinical and immunological characteristics of disease, demographic indicators are studied. The influence of sleep breathing disorders on quality of life and affective sphere of patients is discussed. Most studies prove that sleep-related respiratory disorders occur in patients with MG significantly more often than in general population. Some studies show a high prevalence of poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with MG, while others do not report such associations. However, studies that failed to establish an association with MG and sleep disturbances were of small sample sizes. Thus, given the inconclusive evidence and limited literature, further study of sleep disorders in patients with MG is needed. The topic is relevant and requires further development.

[Some problems in rehabilitating disabled people with multiple sclerosis in agencies for social protection].

The state social policy with regard to disable people in the Russian Federation is developed in accordance with international instruments which include the "Declaration on the Rights of People with Disabilities" adopted by the UN General Assembly, the ILO Convention (No159) "Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Disabled Persons", the "Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities" adopted by the UN General Assembly, the World Program of Action Concerning Disabled Persons etc. All these instruments mainly focus on the issue of social rehabilitation of people with health disabilities in order to offer them "equal opportunities" in different areas of their life. The paper is devoted to research of some backbone arrangements of rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and major lines of proficiency training and retraining of professionals on issues of social rehabilitation of people with health disabilities as well as methods of rehabilitation of MS patients.

[Development of acute exudative inflammation in rats upon perftoran infusion].

The effect of the perftoran--a blood replacing emulsion with multifunctional properties--on the biochemical parameters of blood serum has been studied in rats with acute exudative inflammation. It is established, that perfloran does not influence the adaptive biochemical reactions on early terms of inflammation development. At the same time, perftoran essentially reduces exudate volume, however this effect is short-time upon single infusion of the preparation.

[Evaluation of the function of the hematoencephalic barrier in victims with craniocerebral trauma in critical state]. / Otsenka funktsii gematoéntsefalicheskogo bar'era pri kriticheskikh sostoianiiakh u postradavshikh s cherepno-mozgovoi travmoi.

Estimates of the relative-entry coefficient, molecular profile of the cerebrospinal fluid and of the molecular blood profile based on the comparison of concentrations of proteins with different physical-and-chemical properties enable an evaluation of the function of the hematoencephalic barrier in victims with craniocerebral trauma in critical state. It was possible to state, with such approach in use, that the regulatory and protective functions of the hematoencephalic barrier were changing differently in favorable and unfavorable trauma outcomes, which must be duly considered in choosing a treatment tactics for the above category of victims.

Effect of perftoran on macroglobulin content in the plasma and peritoneal exudate of rats with acute exudative inflammation (peritonitis).

The effect of blood substitute perftoran on the content of alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-macroglobulins in the plasma and exudate was studied in rats with acute exudative inflammation. After intravenous injection of perftoran macroglobulin content increased in the plasma, but remained unchanged in the peritoneal fluid.

[Clinical genealogical and electrophysiological analysis of the hereditary sensorimotor neuropathies in the region of Samara]. / Kliniko-genealogicheskii i élektrofiziologicheskii analiz nasledstvennykh motorno-sensornykh nevropatii v Samarskoi.

The paper presents the results of clinical-genealogical and electrophysiological (electromyography, evaluation of the autonomic system's state) examination of patients with hereditary motor-sensory neuropathies, which were included in the long-term registry of Samara region. Some genetic features of the disease have been revealed (intrafamilial polymorphism of different degree, effect of the ancestor in the dominant forms). Electrophysiological peculiarities of the separate clinical-genealogical variations of the pathology, the dynamics of pathophysiological changes in course of disease were found. Obligation of involvement of the autonomic structures in the pathological process is shown (on the example of changes of the indices of cardiointervalography and of the evoked dermal sympathetic potentials). Clinical genealogical and pathophysiological characteristics of the three variations of the hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy revealed in the region of Samara are provided; that was a basis for early diagnosis of the disease and for its differential diagnosis as well as for the choice of the correcting therapy.

[Serine proteinase activity in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. / Aktivnost' serinovykh proteinaz u detei s gemolitiko-uremicheskim sindromom.

Haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is the leading cause of acute renal failure in the childhood. It is characterised by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure and injury of the renal microvascular endothelium. In HUS the condition of proteolytic kallikrein-kinin system is unknown. The renal KKS seems to participate in the regulation of blood pressure, control of sodium and water excretion, renal vascular resistance and renin release. In this study the role kallikrein in the developing HUS was studied. The general activity of kallikrein in plasma and urine was determined by trypsin-like peptidohydrolase activity (TP), which was measured using substrate Z-D-Ala-Leu-Arg-pNa. Chymotrypsin-like protease activity (ChP) was measured using substrate Glp-Ala-Ala-Leu-pNa. Clinical data were analysed on 60 pediatric patients with HUS, 29 girls and 31 boys, ranging in the age from 3 months to 11 years. TP and ChP levels were determined in different periods of HUS (anuria, diuresis beginning, polyuria, recovery) in serum and urine. In acute phase TP and ChP activities increased significantly. In diuresis recovery serum TP activity was higher, but urine TP level became normal. In dynamic serum and urine ChP levels had tendency to decrease. The present work showed that TP and ChP levels demonstrated activity of pathological renal process and condition of glomerules.

[ATP-dependent proteinase La from Escherichia coli]. / ATP-zavisimaia proteinaza La iz Escherichia coli.

Homogeneous preparations of the ATP-dependent La proteinase from E. coli and two its mutant forms, containing an alanine residue instead of Ser679 or Ser368, were isolated. Ser679 was shown to be catalytically active rather than Ser368 as suggested in the literature. To choose between the alternative structures of the gene lon La proteinase fragments within the controversial regions were analysed and the gene structure established at the Laboratory of Proteolytic Enzymes (Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry) was confirmed. Inactivity of La proteinase in some in vitro systems suggests its functioning in vivo to be not autonomous, requiring additional factors.

[The immunomodulating properties of the diuretic bufenoks]. / Immunomoduliruiushchie svoistva diuretika bufenoksa.

Bufenox, a diuretic with a sodium-uretic and light potassium--uretic effect, has an immediate but short-term effect, stimulates IgM antibody production, depressed delayed-type hypersensitivity. The immunomodulating effect of bufenox may be due to changes in Na+ ions concentrations since sodium load abrogates immunoactive properties of the drug.

[The characteristics of cryptosporidiosis prevalence in Nizhni Novgorod Province]. / Osobennosti rasprostraneniia kriptosporidioza v Nizhnegorodskoi oblasti.

A total of 4070 patients with acute intestinal diseases were tested for cryptosporidiosis in 1989, 1806 of these without diarrhea (controls), 286 of them working at slaughter houses, milk-packing plants and dairy plants, 192 subjects with a history of contacts with cryptosporidiosis patients in the focus of the disease, and 7 animals. Cryptosporidiosis was responsible for 3.2% of acute intestinal conditions in children; cryptosporidia oocysts were not detected in adults or healthy subjects. The high risk group invasion has made up 2.7%. Two cases of the invasion were detected among subjects with a history of contacts with cryptosporidiosis patients, this making up 1.04%, none of them presenting with any clinical symptoms of the invasion.

[Group cryptosporidiosis morbidity in children]. / Gruppovye zabolevaniia kriptosporidiozom detei.

The group morbidity with cryptosporidiosis (13 cases) was recorded in infants from a somatic hospital and a nursery school and also among unorganized groups. The factor of transmission was kefir prepared in the nursery milk kitchen. Cryptosporidian oocysts were not found in the personnel of the kitchen. It was supposed that the contamination of milk by oocysts occurred on milk farm. Single oocysts were found in milk sediments on the filter taken from a tank at a milk factory.

[Diuretic activity of benzimidazole urea derivatives]. / Diureticheskaia aktivnost' benzimidazol'nykh proizvodnykh mocheviny.

The chemical structure of benzimidazol urea derivatives and physico-chemical properties of these compounds conditioned by it play a significant role in the manifestation of the emictory effect. Among the study substances a number of compounds displaying a marked, but short-lived diuretic action have been educed. In the manifestation of emictory properties in benzimidazol urea derivatives of importance is the character of the side chain and its ramification and also an even number of carbon atoms in the acyl radical.