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1.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(2): 131-156, abr.-mayo 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-205324

RESUMO

HIV infection is now almost 40 years old. In this time, along with the catastrophe and tragedy that it has entailed, it has also represented the capacity of modern society to take on a challenge of this magnitude and to transform an almost uniformly lethal disease into a chronic illness, compatible with a practically normal personal and relationship life. This anniversary seemed an ideal moment to pause and reflect on the future of HIV infection, the challenges that remain to be addressed and the prospects for the immediate future. This reflection has to go beyond merely technical approaches, by specialized professionals, to also address social and ethical aspects. For this reason, the Health Sciences Foundation convened a group of experts in different aspects of this disease to discuss a series of questions that seemed pertinent to all those present. Each question was presented by one of the participants and discussed by the group. The document we offer is the result of this reflection. (AU)


La infección por VIH cumple ahora casi 40 años de existencia. En este tiempo, junto a la catástrofe y la tragedia que ha supuesto, ha representado también la capacidad de la sociedad moderna de asumir un reto de esta magnitud y de transformar, gracias al tratamiento antirretroviral, una enfermedad mayoritariamente letal en una enfermedad crónica, compatible con una vida personal y de relación prácticamente normales. Este aniversario parecía un momento idóneo para pararse a reflexionar sobre el futuro de la infección VIH, los retos que todavía quedan por abordar y las perspectivas para el inmediato futuro. Esa reflexión tiene que ir más allá de planteamientos meramente técnicos, de profesionales especializados, para abordar aspectos sociales y éticos. Por este motivo, la Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud convocó a un grupo de expertos en distintos aspectos de esta infección para discutir una serie de preguntas que parecieron pertinentes a todos los convocados. Cada pregunta era expuesta por uno de los participantes y discutida por el grupo. El documento que ofrecemos es el resultado de esa reflexión. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , HIV , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/história , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Doença Crônica
2.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(8): 502-508, oct. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-189376

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer constituye una causa importante de mortalidad en personas con VIH. MÉTODOS: Se ha analizado la incidencia de cáncer en pacientes con VIH de CoRIS en los períodos 2004-2009 y 2010-2015 y se ha comparado con la de la población general española estimada a partir de los datos de la Red Española de Registros de Cáncer. RESULTADOS: Entre enero de 2004 y noviembre de 2015 se incluyeron en CoRIS 12.239 pacientes y se diagnosticaron 338 casos incidentes de cáncer. La incidencia global por cada 100.000 personas/año (IC 95%) fue de 702,39 (629,51-781,42) sin diferencias significativas entre los 2 períodos. El 38% de las neoplasias fueron tumores definitorios de sida (TDS) y el 62% no definitorios de sida (TNDS). En el período 2010-2015 se observó un descenso significativo en la incidencia de TDS (cociente de tasas de incidencia estandarizadas [SIR]; IC 95%: 0,38; 0,21-0,66) y predominaron los TNDS. En comparación con la población general, la incidencia de cáncer fue el doble en varones con VIH. Se documentaron riesgos relativos (SIR; IC 95%) más altos de linfoma Hodgkin en ambos sexos (varones: 8,37; 5,13-14,17; mujeres: 21,83; 2,66-47,79), linfoma no Hodgkin en varones (5,30; 2,86-8,45) y cáncer de cérvix (7,43; 3,15-13,87) y cabeza y cuello (3,28; 1,21-5,82) en mujeres. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia global de cáncer en personas con VIH es mayor que en la población general española y se mantiene estable desde 2004, con un predominio actual de los TNDS. Estos datos indican que deben realizarse esfuerzos adicionales en la prevención y detección precoz de cáncer en estos pacientes


INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a leading cause of death in individuals with HIV. METHODS: The incidence of cancer in HIV patients of the CoRIS cohort in the 2004-2009 and 2010-2015 periods has been analysed and compared to the incidence in the Spanish general population, estimated from data of the Spanish Cancer Registry Network. RESULTS: Between January 2004 and November 2015, 12,239 patients were included in CoRIS and 338 incident cancer cases were diagnosed. The overall incidence of cancer per 100,000 persons-year (95% CI) was 702.39 (629.51-781.42) with no significant differences between the 2periods. A 38% of the incident cancer cases were AIDS defining cancers (ADC) and 62% non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC). In the period 2010-2015, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of ADC (standardised incidence ratio [SIR]); 95% CI: 0.38; 0.21-0.66) and NADC predominated. Compared to the general population, the incidence of cancer was double in men with HIV. Higher relative risks were documented (SIR; 95% CI) for Hodgkin's lymphoma in both sexes (males: 8.37, 5.13-14.17; females: 21.83, 2.66-47.79), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in males (5.30, 2.86-8.45) and cervical cancer (7.43, 3.15-13.87) and head and neck cancer (3.28, 1.21-5.82) in women. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of cancer in individuals with HIV is higher than in the Spanish general population, and it has remained stable since 2004 with a current predominance of NADC. These data suggest that additional efforts should be made in the prevention and the early detection of cancer in these patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias/etiologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade
3.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(2): 117-126, feb. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-181152

RESUMO

Las infecciones de transmisión sexual son un problema global de salud pública tanto por su alta prevalencia como por su morbilidad. Un diagnóstico rápido y preciso es clave para la instauración de un tratamiento dirigido adecuado para la disminución de la diseminación de estas patologías entre población de elevado riesgo. Para efectuar un adecuado despistaje de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, con frecuencia asintomáticas, es necesario realizar las pruebas diagnósticas en función de los indicadores clínicos y conductuales. El consejo preventivo debe ser integral e individualizado. La incorporación y mejora de las técnicas de biología molecular son una herramienta muy útil complementando las técnicas clásicas, como microscopía y cultivo. El correcto diagnóstico permitirá un tratamiento adecuado desde un inicio evitando la posible aparición y diseminación de resistencias antibióticas, problema emergente en el contexto actual de las infecciones de transmisión sexual


Sexually transmitted infections are a global public health problem both due to their high prevalence and due to their morbidity. A rapid and precise diagnosis is key to establishing appropriate targeted treatment and also to decreasing dissemination of these diseases among the high-risk population. To perform adequate testing for sexually transmitted infections, many of which are asymptomatic, it is necessary to carry out the diagnostic testing according to the clinical and behavioural indicators. The preventive advice must be comprehensive and personalised. The incorporation and improvement of molecular biology techniques is a very useful tool, complementing the classic techniques, such as microscopy and culture. Correct diagnosis will allow for an adequate treatment from the beginning, preventing the possible onset and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, an emerging problem in the current context of sexually transmitted infections


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Gestão de Antimicrobianos , Doenças Assintomáticas , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Diagnóstico Precoce , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/tratamento farmacológico
4.
AIDS Rev ; 20(4): 187-204, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30548023

RESUMO

Nearly 1 million people become infected every day with any of the four major curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs), namely trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Despite huge global incidence, STIs remain as neglected diseases. The success of antiretrovirals for halting progression to AIDS in HIV-infected individuals and for stopping HIV transmission to uninfected contacts, either as pre- or post-exposure -prophylaxis, has to lead to increased risky sexual behaviors through risk compensation. Recent epidemics and outbreaks of STIs among men having sex with men reflect the global loss of fear to HIV/AIDS. The -alarming rising rates of STIs worldwide have been fueled by: (1) rapid spread of drug resistance, that is, for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium; (2) unprecedented impact of recreational drugs (chemsex) and internet (apps, websites) for facilitating exposure to multiple sex partners; and (3) growing rates of sexual violence and commercial sex, associated with wars, refugees, migrations, traveling, and sexual tourism. Moreover, there is an increasing appreciation of sexual transmission for other agents, -including human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, hepatitis A and C viruses, Zika, and Ebola. For addressing this new scenario for STIs, an expert panel workshop was arranged in Madrid, Spain in May 2018. This review summarizes the discussions at the meeting.


Assuntos
Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Saúde Global , Humanos , Incidência , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/transmissão
5.
J Clin Virol ; 67: 47-51, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25959158

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types benefit differently from the immunocompromised status of the host. So far it is not known whether a similar scenario holds for the large group of the ß and γ cutaneous HPV types that appear to be present at several anatomical sites. METHODS: The presence of ß (n=43) and γ (n=30) HPVs in the anal samples of 66 HIV-positive and 153 HIV-negative anonymized men who have sex with men (MSM) was determined by multiplex PCR, using type-specific primers and bead-based hybridization (Luminex technology). RESULTS: The prevalence of ß and γ HPV infection was 65.6% and 68.2%, respectively, among HIV-positive MSM and 59.1% and 57.7%, respectively, among HIV-negative MSM. ß-2 and γ-10 were found to be the most prevalent species in both groups. The prevalence of infection with HPV types of the species ß-1 (P=0.02), ß-3 (P=0.002), γ-6 (P=0.002), and γ-7 (P=0.02) was higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative men. In contrast, the ß-2 species was equally distributed in the two groups, while the γ-10 species was slightly affected by HIV status. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that impairment of the host's immune surveillance impacts ß and γ HPV infections differently.


Assuntos
Canal Anal/virologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Homossexualidade Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
7.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 18(3): 439-444, mayo 2013. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-112705

RESUMO

The incidence of or pharyngeal cancer and oral cancer is growing worldwide, both in young non-smokers and in young non-drinkers (smoking and drinking are considered the main risk factors). Epidemiologic studies suggest a strong association between the infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 and 18 (high oncological risk) which have already demonstrated their etiological role in anal tumours as well as in cervix cancer. There is clear epidemiologic evidence that both types of tumours relate to changes in sexual behaviour and that both are linked to sexual transmission of HPV. The number of oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases is rising nowadays, especially among young individuals with no typical toxic habits, such as tobacco and/or alcohol. In this review we set out to update the aspects related to the onset of oral cancer, its relationship with HPV infectionand whether this association may be due to the sexual transmission of the virus (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/terapia , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Braquiterapia/métodos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/métodos
8.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 17(3): 401-408, mayo 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-103471

RESUMO

A review is made of the late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a subject of growing interest in public health. It has been estimated that in Europe 30% of all HIV-infected people are unaware of their seropositive condition, and this in turn is associated with a poorer long-term disease prognosis and an increased risk of transmission to other individuals. The role of the dental surgeon in this context could be of great importance, since there are many oral lesions that can suggest the existence of underlying infection. The study also addresses the controversial subject of rapid HIV testing, and whether these tests should be performed on a routine basis in the dental clinic, or whether it is preferable to refer the patient to a specialized center (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Assistência Odontológica/organização & administração , Diagnóstico Precoce , Soropositividade para HIV/diagnóstico , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos
9.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 30(3): 117-123, mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-97425

RESUMO

Introducción El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el impacto poblacional del TARGA e identificar los factores sociodemográficos que lo modifican, lo que resulta fundamental para orientar las intervenciones. Métodos Cohorte abierta y prospectiva de seroconvertores al VIH reclutados en el Centro Sanitario Sandoval (1986-2009) y seguidos en colaboración con hospitales de referencia de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se calculó la incidencia acumulada de sida y muerte mediante decrementos múltiples y se identificaron factores asociados mediante modelos predictivos de Fine & Gray. El periodo calendario (..) (AU)


Background The objective of this work is to study the impact of HAART at a population level and to identify socio-demographic factors that may affect it, which is essential for deciding interventions. Methods An open, prospective cohort of HIV seroconverters recruited in the Centro Sanitario Sandoval (1986-2009), and followed up in collaboration with referral hospitals in the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cumulative incidence of AIDS and death was calculated by the multiple decrements method, and predictive Fine & Gray models were developed to identify associated factors. A calendar period (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , HIV/patogenicidade , Progressão da Doença , Seguimentos , Estudos Prospectivos , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico
10.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 7(1): 65-68, ene.-abr. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-87648

RESUMO

La infección por el virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) fue descrita en el año 1981y rápidamente se convirtió en una pandemia y la causa más frecuente de mortalidad en el segmento etario entre 20 y 40 años. La introducción del tratamiento antiretroviral de alta eficacia(HAART) en 1996 supuso una drástica reducción de la mortalidad y que la mayoría de pacientes infectados tengan una esperanza de vida que se aproxima a la de la población general de similar edad y sexo y con buena calidad de vida. Por el contrario, las medidas para prevenir nuevas infecciones no han funcionado bien y además se estima que en Europa Occidental para cada dos pacientes infectados conocidos hay uno (33%) que lo desconoce. Este 33% de personas infectadas que lo desconocen contribuyen a un exceso de nuevas transmisiones (60-70% del total) y además no se beneficiaran, o lo harán con retraso, de los tratamientos HAART. Para el diagnóstico precoz en USA se recomiendan los tests de despistaje de forma universal cada vez que una persona entre en contacto con el sistema sanitario. En Europa, iniciativas como “HIVin Europe” o “HIV en España 2009” apoyan una política de despitaje basada en la presencia de enfermedades o situaciones indicadoras en las quela prevalencia de infección por el VIH-1 se estima superior al 1% (AU)


Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection(HIV-1) was reported in 1981 and quickly became a pandemic and the most frequent cause of mortality among people between 20 and 40 years. The introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) back in 1996 was associated with a dramatic reduction in mortality and the majority of HIV-1 infected patients have a life expectancy approaching the general population of similar age and gender with a relatively good quality of life. Conversely, most of the preventive policies and measures have failed and what may be even worse is that in Western Europe for every two known HIV cases there is one unknown (33%). This 33%of not yet diagnosed HIV infections contribute to an excess of HIV-1 transmissions (60-70% of the total). Moreover these patients with a late diagnosis will not benefit from the advantages of an early treatment. The USA recommendation in order to promote early diagnosis of the HIV-1 infection is universal testing each time a sexually active person contacts with the health system. In Europe initiatives like “ HIV in Europe” or “HIV in Spain 2009” recommended a screening policy based on the presence of indicator situations or events when the estimated prevalence of HIV-1 infection is above 1% (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Programas de Rastreamento/políticas , Assistência Odontológica Integral/tendências , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Diagnóstico Precoce , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade
11.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 27(6): 338-341, jun. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60838

RESUMO

IntroducciónEl objetivo del trabajo es describir los casos de infección gonocócica en un centro de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y los factores asociados a la coinfección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH).MétodosSe realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de todos los casos de infección gonocócica diagnosticados durante 2005.ResultadosDe los 134 casos diagnosticados, 124 correspondían a hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Los factores asociados a coinfección por VIH fueron tener antecedentes de ITS y prácticas sexuales de riesgo bajo los efectos del alcohol o drogas (odds ratio [OR] de 13,4; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 1,3 a 139,1; OR de 39,8; IC del 95%: 1,3 a 1.194,3).ConclusiónSe constata un aumento del número de casos de gonorrea, principalmente a expensas del colectivo de HSH (AU)


BackgroundThe objective of this study is to describe the cases of gonorrhea infection recorded in a center for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and the factors associated with HIV coinfection.MethodsRetrospective, descriptive study of all cases of gonorrhea infection diagnosed in 2005.ResultsAmong 134 cases of gonorrhea, 124 occurred in men who have sex with men. The factors associated with HIV coinfection were a prior history of STD and sexual risk practices under the effects of alcohol and/or drugs (OR, 13.4; 95% CI 1.3–139.1; OR, 39.8; 95% CI 1.3–1194.3).ConclusionAn increase in the number of cases of gonorrhea infection is reported, predominantly in the population of men who have sex with men (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Assunção de Riscos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
J Gen Virol ; 86(Pt 2): 355-364, 2005 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15659755

RESUMO

Within human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, there are those who have been infected for more than 10 years with a CD4+ cell count of >500 cells microl(-1) and who remain asymptomatic without antiretroviral therapy; these patients are designated long-term non-progressors (LTNPs). In a set of 16 LTNPs, viral dating, DNA viral load, quasispecies heterogeneity and antibody (Ab) titres against gp160 and beta2 microglobulin (beta2m) were determined. Plasma viral RNA and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell numbers were estimated in more than three samples per patient. Host genetic characteristics, such as Delta32-CCR5 genotype and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and supertypes, and clinical-epidemiological factors were evaluated. Dating of global populations and of DNA and RNA viral quasispecies identified two subsets of patients: one displaying only ancestral sequences and the other displaying predominantly modern sequences. The ancestral patients displayed a significant reduction in RNA and DNA viral loads, quasispecies heterogeneity, CD8+ cell number, anti-gp160 Ab titres and beta2m level, and they were also associated with better use of safe-sex practices and higher presence of the HLA sB58 supertype than the modern subset. Viral dating has therefore permitted the segregation of LTNPs into two subsets that show very different virological, immunological, host and clinical-epidemiological characteristics. Moreover, whereas the modern subset displayed low levels of virus replication, the ancestral group displayed not only a very limited virus replication, often to undetectable levels, but also very slow or arrested viral evolution, maintaining the close relationship of the viral population to the transmitted virus.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/virologia , Sobreviventes de Longo Prazo ao HIV , HIV-1/genética , Relação CD4-CD8 , DNA Viral/análise , Genótipo , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Proteína gp160 do Envelope de HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Humanos , Filogenia , RNA Viral/análise , Receptores CCR5/genética , Sexo Seguro , Espanha/epidemiologia , Carga Viral , Microglobulina beta-2/imunologia
14.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 78(6): 669-677, nov.-dic. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137950

RESUMO

Fundamento: La epidemia de infecciones por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en España se caracterizó durante los primeros años por el predominio de casos en personas usuarias de drogas inyectadas, pero en la actualidad todo parece apuntar a un progresivo predominio de la transmisión sexual. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la evolución en la prevalencia de VIH en varios grupos de población heterosexual y caracterizar las situaciones en las que se produjeron las infecciones. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de las personas que se realizaron la prueba por primera vez en nueve centros de diagnóstico de VIH entre 1992 y 2003 por exposiciones heterosexuales de riesgo, excluyéndose a los usuarios de drogas inyectadas. Resultados: El número de personas en las que se determinó la serología fue de 47.870. La prevalencia de VIH en la población estudiada descendió del 3,2% al 1,0% (p<0,001). En las personas con pareja con diagnóstico de infección por VIH la prevalencia se mantuvo en torno al 10%, en hombres usuarios de prostitución descendió del 1,9% al 1,0% (p=0,049), en las mujeres que ejercen la prostitución del 1,4% al 0,7% (p=0,008), y en el resto de heterosexuales disminuyó del 1,6% al 1,0% en hombres (p=0,014) y del 1,1% al 0,7% en mujeres (p=0,012). Conclusiones: Los resultados indican avances en el control de la transmisión heterosexual del VIH, principalmente en mujeres, aunque todavía se requiere insistir en la prevención (AU)


Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Spain was characterized throughout the first few years by the predominance of infections among injected drug users (IDU's), but everything currently points to a progressive predominance of sexual transmission. This study is aimed at describing the trend in HIV infection among several heterosexual populations groups and at characterizing the situations in which the infections occurred. Methods: Descriptive study of the individuals who had the test conducted for the first time at nine HIV diagnosis centres within the 1992-2003 period due to high-risk heterosexual exposures, not including injected drug users. Results: A total of 47,870 individuals had serology performed during the period under study. The HIV prevalence among the population under study dropped from 3.2% to 1.0% (p< 0.001). Among the individuals with an HIV infected partners, the prevalence remained at around 10%, the male users of prostitution having dropped from 1.9% to 1.0% (p=0.049); among women involved in prostitution, from 1.4% to 0.7% (p=0.008); and among all other heterosexuals, having dropped from 1.6% to 1.0% among males (p=0.014) and from 1.1% to 0.7% among women (p=0.012). Conclusions: The results indicate advances in the control of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus transmission, mainly among women, although it is necessary to still continue stressing prevention (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Heterossexualidade , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , População Urbana
15.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 18(3): 177-183, mayo 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-33870

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas, las condiciones de trabajo, las conductas sexuales y la prevalencia de infecciones por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en un grupo de mujeres inmigrantes que ejercen la prostitución en Madrid. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 579 mujeres inmigrantes que ejercían la prostitución, atendidas en un centro de ITS de Madrid entre 1999 y 2000. Se analizan las características sociodemográficas, las condiciones de trabajo, el consumo de drogas por vía parenteral y las prácticas sexuales con los clientes y en su vida privada. La atención incluía un control de las principales ITS y el estudio serológico para el VIH, el VHB y el VHC. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 28,7 años, el 96 por ciento procedía de Latinoamérica y ninguna había consumido drogas por vía parenteral. La edad media de inicio en la prostitución fue de 27,4 años y el 93,3 por ciento había comenzado en España. En el último mes, el 98 por ciento había utilizado siempre el preservativo en las penetraciones vaginales o anales con los clientes, pero sólo el 17,6 por ciento en sus relaciones privadas. Un 30 por ciento refirió alguna rotura del preservativo durante un servicio. La prevalencia de infección por el VIH fue del 0,2 por ciento, y por el VHC del 0,9 por ciento. El 8,1 por ciento tenía anticuerpos anti-core para el VHB y el 0,5 por ciento antígeno de superficie. La prevalencia de otras ITS fue del 18,0 por ciento y la de otras infecciones genitales no necesariamente de transmisión sexual, del 27,3 por ciento. Conclusiones: Se observa un uso generalizado del preservativo con los clientes, aunque también una elevada frecuencia de roturas. La prevalencia de marcadores de infección para el VIH, el VHB y el VHC es baja, aunque la de otras ITS es elevada (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Trabalho Sexual , Emigração e Imigração , Trabalho Sexual , Fatores Etários , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Transversais , Preservativos Femininos , Hepatite C , Hepatite B , Infecções por HIV , Espanha , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Assunção de Riscos
16.
HIV Clin Trials ; 3(2): 99-114, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11976988

RESUMO

Co-infection by human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses is quite common because they share similar routes of transmission. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients in the last few years. However, chronic viral hepatitis represents an emerging cause of morbidity and mortality in this population, either as a result of end-stage liver disease or as a consequence of hepatotoxicity induced by antiretroviral drugs. The main goal of the Consensus Conference was to establish specific recommendations for the management of chronic viral hepatitis B and C in HIV-infected patients. The role of orthotopic liver transplantation for co-infected individuals with end-stage liver disease was also assessed.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/terapia , Hepatite B Crônica/terapia , Hepatite C Crônica/terapia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/cirurgia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Fibrose/complicações , Fibrose/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite B Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite B Crônica/cirurgia , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C Crônica/cirurgia , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado , Espanha
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