Well-Being and Health in Kidney Failure: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Kidney failure (KF) is associated with impaired physical function, reduced health-related quality of life, increased health care costs, and high rates of cardiovascular complications and mortality. Among individuals with KF, well-being and related constructs, such as positive affect, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience, may have both mental and physical health benefits, independent of the effects of negative emotions and affective syndromes. However, there has been minimal review of these characteristics in people with KF. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a scoping review, using a semi-systematic approach, to summarize the relationships between well-being characteristics and renal health, the potential mechanisms mediating these relationships, and the effects of interventions that promote positive constructs on adherence and health outcomes. METHODS: We conducted database searches using PubMed and PsycINFO until November 2020. Articles were included if they examined (1) relationships between a well-being construct and health outcome in patients with KF, (2) potential biologic or behavioral mediators, or (3) interventions that target positive psychologic constructs as outcomes or mediators in KF and (4) were written in English or Spanish. RESULTS: Among patients with KF, well-being constructs are associated with increased health-related quality of life, reduced morbidity and complications, and increased survival. Potential mechanisms mediating these associations include reduced inflammation, improved autonomic and endothelial function, and improved health behavior adherence. Psychologic and psychosocial interventions promoting well-being have primarily focused on improving self-efficacy to promote behavior change, with limited study of interventions to promote positive psychologic constructs in this population. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between well-being constructs and health, specific to KF populations. This could inform the development of needed interventions that harness the promotion of other positive characteristics to improve well-being and health.

Age Differences in the Use of Health Information Technology Among Adults in the United States: An Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey.

Background: Despite significant advancements in the use of health information technologies (HITs) in health care, older adults' adoption of new technologies has consistently lagged behind that of younger adults. Objective: To compare ownership rates and preferences for utilizing technology for health information exchange among older and younger adults. Methods: Utilizing data from the 2017 and 2018 iterations of the Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 6789), we performed multivariable logistic regression while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Older adults were less likely than younger adults to own technological devices such as smartphones, less likely to report finding these tools beneficial in monitoring their health, and less likely to use these tools in communicating with their health providers. However, these differences were substantially attenuated after adjustment for technology ownership. Discussion: Future research should aim to identify factors associated with access, usability, and adoption of HIT for managing care among older adults.

Association of Midlife Status With Response to a Positive Psychology Intervention in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is strongly associated with lower risk of recurrent cardiac events in patients who experience an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), yet most patients do not meet recommended levels of physical activity. Psychological well-being is associated with higher levels of physical activity, but midlife adults experience a multitude of stressors that can reduce well-being. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare midlife (age 45-64) and older (age 65+) participants in a positive psychology intervention to increase physical activity and psychological well-being after an ACS. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis across 3 phases of a telephone-delivered positive psychology intervention development project. Participants were hospitalized for an ACS and had low pre-ACS health behavior adherence. They received 8-12 weekly intervention sessions. Psychological outcomes, self-reported adherence, and physical activity were measured before and after treatment. Mixed regression models were used to compare session completion rates and change in outcome measures between midlife and older participants. RESULTS: Across 164 participants, midlife participants showed larger improvements in depression, positive affect, and physical activity, but not anxiety or optimism, than older participants; session completion rates did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS: Midlife patients post-ACS may be particularly responsive to a telephone-delivered positive psychology intervention. Clinically, the post-ACS period may be uniquely motivating for midlife patients to improve their physical and psychological health. Future work could customize positive psychology for unique midlife stressors.

Weight bias internalization and its association with health behaviour adherence after bariatric surgery.

This study tested the hypothesis that internalized weight bias (WBI) is negatively associated with health-related quality of life, weight loss and health behaviour adherence (eg, physical activity, diet, vitamin adherence) in patients who had weight loss surgery (WLS). It also tested whether self-efficacy for exercise, barriers to being active and depression were mediators between WBI and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants were recruited from online support forums. They completed an anonymous online survey assessing WBI, physical activity, health behaviour adherence, depression, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy for exercise and barriers to being physically active. Multiple regression analyses and a bootstrapping approach for mediation were used. The sample included 112 primarily white and female adults, who had surgery 1 month to 24 years prior. WBI was negatively associated with weight loss since surgery, MVPA, dietary adherence, vitamin adherence and mental health-related quality of life, and was not associated with walking, physical health-related quality of life or fluid intake adherence. Self-efficacy for exercise, barriers to being active and depression were partial mediators between WBI and physical activity. After WLS, WBI may signal poorer adherence to critical health behaviours. It also is associated with less weight loss. WBI should be assessed and treated by WLS providers.

Ichthyofauna from serranias costeiras of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin, Southeast Brazil / Ictiofauna das serranias costeiras da bacia do rio Ribeira de Iguape, sudeste do Brasil

Abstract: The Ribeira de Iguape River basin has about 100 fish species. This study aimed to characterize the fish community from "serranias costeiras" of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin. Samplings were conducted with electrofishing during the dry season in the years 2018-2019. The sampling effort consisted of 30 streams stretches. As a result, 50 species were captured, distributed in 37 genera, 11 families, and six orders. The species richness estimate (SChao1) was 57 species, and the coverage estimate for the entire data set was C = 0.998. Harttia kronei and Chasmocranus lopezae are endemic species and can be used as bioindicators of streams in this river basin. We captured approximately nine species by stream stretch. Beta diversity was found to be more critical for gamma diversity than alpha diversity. This finding highlights the streams environmental heterogeneity importance for maintaining regional fish diversity. We captured eight individuals of the threatened species Spintherobolus papilliferus and this indicates an expansion in the geographic distribution of this species.

Resumo: A bacia hidrográfica do rio Ribeira de Iguape possui cerca de 100 espécies de peixes. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a comunidade de peixes de riachos das serranias costeiras da bacia do rio Ribeira de Iguape. O levantamento das espécies foi realizado com uso de pesca elétrica durante a estação seca de 2018-2019. As coletas ocorreram em 30 trechos de riachos. Foram capturadas 50 espécies distribuídas em 37 gêneros, 11 famílias e seis ordens. A estimativa de riqueza de espécies (SChao1) foi de 57 espécies e a estimativa de cobertura para todo o conjunto de dados foi de C = 0,998. Harttia kronei e Chasmocranus lopezae são espécies endêmicas e podem ser usadas como bioindicadores para os riachos nesta bacia hidrográfica. Capturamos aproximadamente nove espécies por trecho de riacho. A diversidade beta foi considerada mais importante para a diversidade gama do que a diversidade alfa. Esse resultado destaca a importância da heterogeneidade ambiental dos riachos para manter a diversidade regional de peixes. Capturamos seis indivíduos de uma espécie ameaçada Spintherobolus papilliferus e, dessa forma, ocorreu uma expansão da distribuição geográfica desta espécie.

Seed Characteristics and Nutritional Composition of Pine Nut from Five Populations of P. cembroides from the States of Hidalgo and Chihuahua, Mexico.

The aim of this study was to analyze the seed characteristics and nutritional composition of five pine nut P. cembroides samples from two Mexican states. Morphometry, proximal composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity were determined. Samples differed in several morphometric trails, but important differences were documented between SMCH and JCZH samples from Hidalgo State. JCZH and FMH had the highest contents of water, lipids, protein, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, while CMCC population from Chihuahua State had presented the highest content of ash and carbohydrates. Morphometry and chemical composition data were subjected to clustering analysis. This analysis showed that SMCH and LFCH from Hidalgo State were well separated from the JCZH and FMH populations from Hidalgo State, which showed a strong similarity between them, while the CMCC from Chihuahua State was the most distant population. Principal components analysis showed that the variables that strongly contributed to PC1 were the antioxidant activity determined by FRAP assay, flavonoids, and water content. These data have provided biochemical markers that could help to establish phylogenetic associations between populations, and also to reveal potentially account as an alternative source for dietary nutrition.

The association between armed conflict, violence and mental health: a cross sectional study comparing two populations in Cundinamarca department, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to violence in general and to armed conflict in particular has been consistently associated with an increased prevalence of mental illness. Colombia has sustained an internal armed conflict for decades and is considered one of the most violent countries in the world. However, certain areas have been more exposed to the conflict than others. METHODS: This is a cross sectional study comparing two communities from different villages in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. One, Guasca, was directly impacted by armed conflict. The other one; Guatavita has never been affected by armed conflict. We applied two different instruments: the PHQ scale and a short standardized interview in order to estimate the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders and their link to violent events. Forty-two volunteers from each village were evaluated through a personal interview using these two instruments. FINDINGS: Of the population surveyed in Guatavita, 2.4% reported direct exposure to violence compared to 23.8% from Guasca. In the population exposed directly to violent events, the prevalence of all disorders was greater than in the non-exposed population with an OR of 1.46 (95% CI 0.3809 - 5.5989) for anxiety; 4.54 (95% CI 1.1098 - 18.5984) for depression; 6.0 (95% CI 1.2298 - 30.2263) for somatization disorder; and 4.4 (95% CI 1.2037 - 16.0842) for alcohol abuse. INTERPRETATION: There is a statistically significant association between the history of armed conflict, violence and the presence of mental illnesses, particularly depression, somatization disorder and alcohol abuse. Special attention should be paid to the detection, prevention and treatment of these disorders when dealing with populations exposed to violence and to armed conflict in particular.

Bacterias patógenas aisladas de teléfonos celulares del personal y alumnos de la clínica multidisciplinaria (CLIMUZAC) de la unidad académica de odontología de la UAZ / Pathogenic aerobic bacteria isolared from cellular telephones of staff and students at the clinic multidisciplinary (CLIMUZAC) of the unit acedemic of dentistry UAZ

En 1861 Semmelweis demostró que las bacteriasse trasmiten a los pacientes a través de manos contaminadasde los trabajadores de la salud. En 1978 Cozanitis y cols., describen la contaminación bacterianade teléfonos en cuidados intensivos. Un estudio de Dial-a-Phone del Reino Unido, asegura, que los teléfonos son portadores de un sinnúmero de bacterias. Se vió que había más suciedad en un teléfono celular que la manija de una puerta, un teclado de computadora, la suela de un zapato e incluso el asiento de un baño público. Karabay y cols., aislaron bacterias asociadas a infecciones hospitalarias que fueron Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, y Klebsiella pneumoniae. Identificar los géneros o especies bacterianas patógenas aerobias de los teléfonos celulares del personal y alumnos de la CLIMUZAC de la UAO/UAZ. 1) Aplicación de encuestas sobre medidas de aseo de celulares y recolección de muestras. 2)Procesamiento bacteriológico en medios de cultivo, pruebas fisiológicas, morfológicas, tintoriales y bioquímicas para la identificación. El 63% de los encuestados no efectúa limpieza del teléfono. El uso en el área de trabajo clínico es de 81%. Las bacterias identificadas fueron: Staphylococcus sp. 16.7%, Staphylococcus aureus 38.7%, Klebsiella sp. 11.6%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.6%, Shigella sp. 10.3%, Streptococcus sp. 8.3%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1.2%, Micrococcus sp. 0.6%, Pseudomonas sp. 1.9%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.6%, Enterococcus sp. 0.6%, Enterococcus faecalis 3.2%, Salmonella sp. 1.9%, Bacteroides vulgaris 0.6%, Escherichia coli 1.9%. La totalidad de los muestreados son portadoresde bacterias patógenas. Lo que justifica la importancia de la restricción de los celulares en áreas de trabajo clínico o en cualquier área prestadora de salud, para así poder contribuir a la prevención de infecciones cruzadas por el uso de teléfonos, que sirven como depósito y vector de bacterias patógenas

In 1861 Senneleweis showed that bacteria are being transmitted to patients through contaminated hands of workers in the health. In 1871 Cozanitis and coworkers described the bacterial contamination of telephones in intensive care. A study of Dial A. Phone of the United Kingdom, ensures that the phones are carriers of a myriad of bacteria. They saw that he had more dirt in a cell phone that the handle and a door, a computer keyboard, the sole sole of a shoe and even the seat of a public bath. Karabay and coworkers, isolated bacteria associated with hospital infections that were Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Identify the genres or species bacterial pathogens aerobic of cellular telephones of staff and students of CLIMUZAC of the UAO/UAZ. 1) Implementation of surveys on measures of groomingcellular and collection of samples. 2) Processing in bacteriological culture media, physiological tests, morphological, tintoriales and biochemical for identification. The 63 percent of respondents makes no cleaning of the phone. The use in the area of clinical work is 81 percent. The bacteria identified were: Staphylococcus sp. 16.7%, Staphylococcus Aureus 38.7%, Klebsiella sp. 11.6%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.6%, Shigella sp. 10.3%, Streptococcus sp. 8.3%, Steptoccocuspneumoniae 0.6%, Microccocus sp. 0.6%, Pseudomonas sp. 1.9%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.6%, Enteroccocus faecalis 3.2%, Salmonella sp. 1.9%, Bacteroides Vulgaris 0.6%, Escherichia coli 1.9%. The totalities of the sampled are carriers of pathogenic bacteria. What justifies the importance of the restriction of the cell phones in areas of clinical work or in any area providers of health, so as to contribute to the prevention of cross-infection by the use of phones, which serve as a deposit and vector of pathogenic bacteria