Alcohol y conducción: actitudes y hábitos de estudiantes tras una intervención / Alcohol and driving: attitudes and habits of students after an intervention

OBJETIVO: Conocer y comparar las actitudes y hábitos del alumnado de Enfermería hacia el consumo de alcohol previo a la conducción y analizar la efectividad de una intervención educativa con testimonios reales para modificar ambos. MÉTODO: Diseño analítico y cuasiexperimental pretest y postest. Población compuesta por estudiantes de Enfermería del Centro de Enfermería Cruz Roja de Sevilla, sometidos a una actividad formativa basada en el testimonio real de protagonistas de accidentes de tráfico ocasionados por el alcohol. Se empleó cuestionario específico sobre falsas creencias e intenciones de comportamiento. RESULTADOS: La media de las respuestas relacionadas con las falsas creencias del alumnado de primero es de 2,73 (desviación estándar [DS]=0,14) frente a 2,29 (DS=0,27) de cuarto. En las preguntas relacionadas con las intenciones de comportamientos de riesgo, primero tiene una media de 2,01 (DS=0,51) y cuarto de 1,76 (DS=1,76). Estas diferencias no resultaron ser significativas. No se hallaron diferencias significativas antes y después de la intervención respecto de las dos dimensiones globales estudiadas. Los resultados desagregados por ítems muestran que la intervención redujo significativamente la creencia de que el alcohol no afecta a la seguridad (p = 0,001) y la intención de no beber para acompañar a los/as amigos/as con el coche (p = 0,026) entre otras. CONCLUSIONES: La intervención analizada ejerce una influencia positiva pero de carácter limitado. Se recomienda reiterarla en el tiempo para mejorar sus estilos de vida y a su vez, sirva para mejorar los hábitos de salud de la población general en el futuro

OBJECTIVE: Knowing and contrasting attitudes and habits toward alcohol when it comes to driving among nursing students and to analyze the effectiveness of an educational intervention with testimonies in order to modify them. Method: Analytical and quasiexperimental design with pre-test and post-test. The study population consists of students of nursing degree of the Red Cross from Sevilla. The intervention is based on attending an educational activity from people directly and personally experienced on car accidents, narrating their own lived facts. A specific questionnaire was used to measure attitudes and trends of behaviors towards alcohol drinking and driving. RESULTS: The mean of the responses related to the false beliefs of students in first course is 2.73 (standard deviation [SD]=0.14) versus 2.29 (SD=0.27) in fourth. For questions regarding the intentions of risky behavior, first course have a mean of 2.01 (SD=0.51) versus 1.76 (SD=1.76) in fourth. These differences were not found to be significant. No differences were found before and after the intervention on the two global dimensions studied. The disaggregated results per item show that the intervention significantly reduced the belief that alcohol does not affect safety (p=.001) and intention not to drink to accompany friends with your car (p=.026), among others. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed intervention has a positive but limited influence. It is recommended to repeat it several times to improve a healthy lifestyle and also to improve the health habits of the general population in the future

[Alcohol and driving: attitudes and habits of students after an intervention]. / Alcohol y conducción: actitudes y hábitos de estudiantes tras una intervención.

OBJECTIVE: Knowing and contrasting attitudes and habits toward alcohol when it comes to driving among nursing students and to analyze the effectiveness of an educational intervention with testimonies in order to modify them. METHOD: Analytical and quasiexperimental design with pre-test and post-test. The study population consists of students of nursing degree of the Red Cross from Sevilla. The intervention is based on attending an educational activity from people directly and personally experienced on car accidents, narrating their own lived facts. A specific questionnaire was used to measure attitudes and trends of behaviors towards alcohol drinking and driving. RESULTS: The mean of the responses related to the false beliefs of students in first course is 2.73 (standard deviation [SD]=0.14) versus 2.29 (SD=0.27) in fourth. For questions regarding the intentions of risky behavior, first course have a mean of 2.01 (SD=0.51) versus 1.76 (SD=1.76) in fourth. These differences were not found to be significant. No differences were found before and after the intervention on the two global dimensions studied. The disaggregated results per item show that the intervention significantly reduced the belief that alcohol does not affect safety (p=.001) and intention not to drink to accompany friends with your car (p=.026), among others. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed intervention has a positive but limited influence. It is recommended to repeat it several times to improve a healthy lifestyle and also to improve the health habits of the general population in the future.

Effects of isolation on patients and staff.

A matched case-control study and a qualitative investigation were used to identify adverse events in diverse dimensions associated with isolation. Overall satisfaction with care was similar among patients in isolation, but staff was found to be less responsive. Isolation was also associated with depression, but not with increased anxiety.

Impacto de una intervención multifactorial para prevenir úlceras por presión en atención especializada / Impact of a multifactorial intervention to prevent pressure ulcers

Objetivo: determinar el impacto de una intervención multifactorial dirigida a la prevención de úlceras por presión (UPP) en unidades de medicina interna y de cuidados intensivos. Material y método: estudio de intervención antes-después realizado en tres unidades de medicina interna y una de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena de Sevilla, sobre 81 pacientes en la fase preintervención y 81 en la fase postintervención. Variables: intervención multifactorial (variable independiente principal): a) sensibilización y formación a los profesionales sobre prevención y tratamiento de las UPP; b) implementación de un nuevo registro de curas, monitorización del proceso preventivo y de la incidencia de UPP; c) difusión de la Unidad Integral de Telecuidados de UPP y Heridas Crónicas. Variable resultado: incidencia de UPP. Variables de control: edad, sexo, días de estancia y nivel de riesgo para presentar UPP según Escala EMINA. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas y se calcularon las incidencias pre y postintervención, comparándose mediante el test Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: se estudiaron 162 pacientes, 52,2% y una edad media de 72,11 años. El 48,14% tenían riesgo medio de UPP y el 51,85% riesgo alto. Respecto al impacto de la intervención multifactorial, hubo una mayor incidencia en la fase preintervención (9,9% frente a 2,5%; p = 0,049). En la fase postintervención aumentó significativamente el uso de protecciones (de 46,9% a 75,3%; p = 0,000). En cuidados intensivos se utilizan más las superficies de aire alternantes (82,2% frente a 14,4%; p = 0,000) y los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados (87,5% frente 69,2%; p = 0,005) y menos los cambios posturales (32,8% frente a 72,1%; p = 0,000). Conclusiones: la intervención multifactorial se ha mostrado eficaz para prevenir la aparición de UPP. La sensibilización de los profesionales de Enfermería hacia este problema es el primer paso para conseguirlo (AU)

Objective: to determine the impact of a multifactorial intervention aimed at the prevention of pressure ulcers in internal medicine and intensive care units. Material and method: before and after intervention study performed in three internal medicine units and one intensive care unit of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital of Sevilla, on 81 patients in pre-intervention phase and 81 in post-intervention phase. Variables: multifactorial intervention (primary independent variable): a) awareness raising and training of professionals on prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers; b) implementation of a new wound care registry, monitoring of the preventive process and incidence of pressure ulcers; c) dissemination of the Integral Unit of Telecare of Pressure Ulcers and Chronic Wounds. Outcome variable: pressure ulcer incidence. Control variables: age, sex, stay duration in days and degree of risk of presenting pressure ulcers according to the EMINA scale. A descriptive analysis of the studied variables was performed and the pre- and post-intervention incidences were calculated and compared using the Chi square test. Results: 162 patients were studied, 52,2% and mean age 72,11 years.48,14% had a moderate risk of pressure ulcers and 51,85% had a high risk. With regard to the impact of a multifactorial intervention, there was a higher incidence in the pre-intervention phase (9,9% versus 2,5%; p =0,049). In the post-intervention phase the use of protections increased significantly (from 46,9% to 75.3%; p = 0,000). In Intensive Care alternating air surfaces (82,2% versus 14,4%; p = 0,000) and hyperoxygenated fattyacids (87,5% versus 69,2%; p = 0,005) are used more frequently and postural changes less (32,8% versus 72,1% p = 0,000). Conclusions: a multifactorial intervention has been proven to be effective in the prevention of pressure ulcers. The awareness of nursing professionals regarding this issue is the first step to address it (AU)