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BACKGROUND: morbid obesity is a major public health problem that is increasing. Currently, there are a limited number of studies carried out in the Mexican population that describe the effects of bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE: to establish in people undergoing a bariatric procedure the metabolic and body composition difference before and after bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: an observational, analytical, and longitudinal study was carried out in 50 patients with morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) and Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Body composition and metabolic markers in blood were measured. Differences in the metabolic profile before and after surgery were analyzed in the entire study group and a subanalysis was performed by bariatric surgical technique, determining the percentage of remission of comorbidities. RESULTS: after the intervention, there is a significant decrease in all metabolic and body composition markers, except HDL cholesterol, which showed a tendency to increase without being significant. Women with LRYGB have a greater decrease in fat-free mass. LRYGB decreased the prevalence of fatty liver, gastroesophageal reflux, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia more, while LSG decreased the prevalence of hypertension, osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism, and hypertriglyceridemia more. CONCLUSION: bariatric surgery induces metabolic changes that could contribute to improving comorbidities associated with obesity. In general, metabolic improvement is greater in LRYGB compared to LSG.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La isquemia mesenterica se clasifica, según su etiología, en: embolismo arterial, trombosis arterial patologías no oclusivas y trombosis venosa mesenterica (TVM), que es la causa de laparotomía exploradora en 1 de cada 1000 pacientes con síndrome abdominal agudo. Es más común entre la quinta y la sexta décadas de la vida. Caso clínico: Masculino de 31 años de edad, afroamericano, sin antecedentes médicos. Con dolor abdominal generalizado de 72 horas de evolución. Con signos positivos de irritación peritoneal. La tomografia con defecto de llenado en vena mesenterica superior, vena esplénica y vena porta. Se realizó laparotomía de urgencia que requirió resección intestinal por necrosis de yeyuno. Se realizaron estudios hematológicos, oncológicos y autoinmunes sin hallazgos positivos. Discusión: Latrombosis venosa por lo regulares secundaria a síndromes de hipercoagulabilidad o neoplasias. La presentación clínica es inespecífica. En cuanto a los estudios de imagen que se pueden solicitar: ultrasonido, tomografia o resonancia magnética y angiografia percutánea con catéter. Las principales opciones terapéuticas para la isquemia mesenterica aguda son: el tratamiento endovascular, la revascularización quirúrgica, la anticoagulación y laparotomía exploradora en caso de complicaciones viscerales. Conclusión: Aunque es una patología poco frecuente, el médico debe estar familiarizado con su fisiopatologia, diagnóstico y las principales alternativas terapéuticas que hay para ella.
Abstract Background: Four common causes of mesenteric ischemia identified: arterial embolism, arterial thrombosis, non-occlusive pathologies and mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT). MVT is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain and accounts for 1 in 1000 emergency surgical laparotomies for acute abdomen. Case Presentation: A 31 year old male, previously healthy, with 72 hour history of generalized abdominal pain on examination with signs of peritonitis. He underwent a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis, which demonstrated thrombosis of the portal, splenic and superior mesenteric veins. A laparotomy was performed, we found jejunal necrosis and a bowel resection was required. Hematologic, oncologic and autoimmune studies were performed and all of them were negative. Discussion: Venous thrombosis is almost always secondary to other pathologies. The principle ones are: hypercoagulability and occult neoplasia. The clinical presentation is non-specific. To make a diagnosis one can use: a Doppler ultrasound, a CT angiography, a magnetic resonance and a catheter angiography. The available treatments for acute mesenteric ischemia are: endovascular procedures, bypass surgery, anticoagulation and a laparotomy to treat visceral complications. Conclusion: Even if this is an uncommon pathology, physicians need to be aware of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia.
RESUMO
Introducción: La obesidad se ha considerado como un factor de riesgo para desarrollar eventos coronarios agudos. Los principales factores para desarrollar este tipo de enfermedades están presentes en la mayoría de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en forma preoperatoria y postoperatoria tras un seguimiento a dos años. Sede: Hospital General ''Dr. Manuel Gea González''. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, observacional y comparativo. Material y métodos: Pacientes de la clínica de cirugía bariátrica, operados con la técnica de bypass gástrico, calculando el riesgo cardiovascular de forma preoperatoria y posteriormente a dos años de seguimiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 64 pacientes (13 hombres y 51 mujeres). La edad promedio de los hombres fue 42 años su índice de masa corporal promedio fue 49.44 kg/m², la puntuación del riesgo cardiovascular preoperatoria fue: 5.15 (2-9). Al seguimiento a dos años su índice de masa corporal promedio disminuyó a 36.23 kg/m², la puntuación del riesgo cardiovascular fue: 2.38 (0-5). En las mujeres la edad promedio fue de 36 años, su índice de masa corporal promedio previo a la cirugía fue 45.32 kg/m², la puntuación del riesgo cardiovascular fue: 4.3 (-10 a 13). A un seguimiento de dos años su índice de masa corporal promedio fue 28.64 kg/m² (20.1-42.1), la puntuación del riesgo cardiovascular fue -4.1 (-11 a 8). Conclusión: La cirugía bariátrica no sólo ha demostrado ser un método eficaz y seguro para la disminución del peso corporal en pacientes con obesidad mórbida, también aquí se demuestra que disminuye el riesgo cardiovascular que poseen estos pacientes.
Introduction: Obesity has been considered a risk factor for acute coronary events. The main factors to develop this type of diseases are present in most of the patients subjected to bariatric surgery. Objective: To assess the cardiovascular risk of patients subjected to bariatric surgery preoperatively and at 2-years follow-up. Setting: General Hospital ''Dr. Manuel Gea González''. Design: Retrospective, longitudinal, observational, and comparative study. Patients and methods: Patients from the bariatric surgery clinic, operated with the gastric bypass technique, calculating the cardiovascular risk preoperatively and at 2-year follow-up. Results: The study included 64 patients (13 men and 51 women). Average age of men was 42 years, their average body mass index was 49.44 kg/m², preoperative cardiovascular risk score was 5.15 (2-9). At 2-year follow-up, their BMI diminished to 36.23 kg/m², the cardiovascular risk score was 2.38 (0-5). In women, average age was of 36 years, their body mass index before surgery was of 45.32 kg/m², the cardiovascular risk score was 4.3 (-10 a 13). At 2-year follow-up, their average body mass index reduced to 28.64 kg/m² (20.1-42.1), and the cardiovascular risk score was -4.1 (-11 to 8). Conclusion: Bariatric surgery has not only been demonstrated as an efficacious and safe method to reduce body weight in patients with morbid obesity but also to diminish the cardiovascular risk depicted by these patients.