Maximization delays decision-making in acute care nursing.

The maximization personality trait refers to the tendency to face decision-making situations along a continuum from exhaustively analysing all the options (maximize) to choosing the one that exceeds a subjective threshold of acceptability (satisfy). Research has revealed the influence of maximizing on decision making, although little is known about its possible role in high risk and high uncertainty situations. A sample of 153 active Spanish nurses, with an average experience of 11 years, completed a maximization questionnaire and responded to written vignettes depicting time-demanding decision making in which three options were offered, representing delayed action, non-action, and immediate action. Two vignettes presented critical situations related to acute care during the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst two vignettes presented non-nursing scenarios. People high in maximization took longer to choose and were more likely to choose non-action. No relationship was found between maximization score and the subjective experience of the person making the choice. Maximization had no significant correlation with years of experience nor perceived expertise. Greater perceived expertise was associated with lower indecision and greater confidence. When participants answered nursing vignettes, they took longer to respond, but chose less delayed action and more immediate action. Our results suggest that maximization plays only a relative role in acute care decision-making in nursing, as compared to contextual variables and expertise. They also support a domain general approach to this personality trait. Findings are consistent with Nibbelink and Reed's Practice-Primed Decision Model for nursing.

Development and Validation of the Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness Attribution Questionnaire (PEAQ-12) in a Spanish Population.

In recent decades, the study of psychotherapy effectiveness has been one of the pillars of clinical research because of its implication for therapeutic cure. However, although many studies have focused their interest on the patient's perception, there are no instruments oriented to the study of psychotherapists' attributions of effectiveness: to what factors psychotherapists attribute responsibility for the cure of the therapies they provide. The present study aimed to develop and validate an instrument for assessing the attribution of the effectiveness of psychotherapy in a population of 69 psychotherapists of different theoretical orientations. After an initial process of inter-judge content validation, 12 items were selected for validation in the targeted population, adequately fulfilling the quality requirements in the validity-reliability tests, and grouped into four factors after principal component analysis. These factors were as follows: (1) therapeutic alliance enhancers; (2) psychotherapist emotional characteristics; (3) therapy-specific variables; and (4) facilitators of patient engagement with therapy. This four-factor structure also showed a good fit for the fit indices checked in confirmatory factor analysis. In summary, we can conclude that the Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness Attribution Questionnaire (PEAQ-12) developed in our research can be helpful if tested on a larger number of individuals. The results can be replicated in other populations of psychotherapists.

Attributed Contribution of Therapist's Emotional Variables to Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness: A Preliminary Study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this manuscript is to analyze the degrees of responsibility for healing that psychotherapists attribute to a set of emotional variables of the therapist involved in the therapeutic process. Such variables, framed within the well-known common factors in psychotherapy, have been proven to be essential in making the therapeutic process effective, as has been shown by research in psychotherapy in recent decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on an extensive literature review, the responses from a sample of 69 psychotherapists to a tool created ad hoc are analyzed to verify whether their attributions are in line with the results of said review. RESULTS: The therapists have doubts about the factors responsible for psychotherapeutic effectiveness, as well as about the value of common variables, including those of an emotional nature, not valuing them above those of a specific type. They also argue against the similar effectiveness of different psychotherapeutic models. CONCLUSION: Discrepancies have thus been found between the conclusions reached by research on therapeutic processes and the statements made by the therapists studied, which could indicate an insufficient impact of psychotherapeutic research on clinical practice. We also propose courses of action such as establishing training programs for the acquisition and development of emotional skills for therapists that could increase the effectiveness of their interventions.

Perception of the Attributes of Sherry Wine and Its Consumption in Young People in the South of Spain.

The wine with the designation of origin "Jerez-Xerez-Sherry" is one of the most produced in Spain and with a greater volume of exports abroad. This study analyzes the preferences of Sherry Wine and its different varieties, based on gender and knowledge and interest in the world of wine. Similarly, the influence of the attributes of Sherry Wine on its choice and consumption is investigated. For this purpose, 1502 participants (1407 wine consumers) were recruited; among the consumers, 58.5% are women, and 74.3% have little knowledge of wine (Mean age 22.6; SD = 3.07; range 18-30). Data collection was done through an online survey. The results reveal that among the types of wines from Sherry, the Fino and the Manzanilla are the most chosen. The young people who have the highest consumption of wine are those who have the most prior knowledge of wine. Also, these young people attribute their choice of wine to intrinsic factors, and even women and connoisseurs are more important in this type of dimension. But the importance of the attributes differs according to the types of wines (Fino/Cream-flavor, Palo Cortado/Pedro Ximénez-color, Amontillado/Manzanilla-price and Oloroso-prizes). These findings will allow establishing measures for their promotion, as well as for the design and specific sales strategies for each type of wine.

Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios / Psychoactive substances consumption, emotional intelligence and academic performance in a university students simple

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la inteligencia emocional y el rendimiento académico en el alumnado universitario según su consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y comprobar si un desajuste emocional se asocia con un bajo rendimiento. Metodología: Participaron 150 estudiantes de psicología, que fueron separados en distintos grupos según el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los últimos 30 días. Se evaluó inteligencia emocional, mediante el Trait Meta-Mood Scale, y el rendimiento, a través de las calificaciones académicas. Resultados: Los resultados evidencian diferencias significativas entre los grupos en las calificaciones, siendo los consumidores los que sacan puntuaciones más bajas. Además se observa una correlación negativa en los consumidores entre inteligencia emocional y rendimiento, es decir, los consumidores con un exceso de atención a sus emociones propias presentan peores calificaciones. Discusión: Se puede concluir que consumir sustancias psicoactivas se asocia con un peor rendimiento académico, y que la relación entre inteligencia emocional y calificaciones académicas es indirecta, mediada por el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to explore the emotional intelligence and academic performance in university students according to the consumption of psychoactive substances, and evaluate whether emotional disability is associated with low performance. Methodology: 150 psychology students participated in the study, and they were separated into different groups according to the consumption of psychoactive substances in the last 30 days. The emotional intelligence was assessed by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, and the academic performance was evaluated by the academic results. Results: The results show significant differences between groups in the academic results, and particularly that consumers are less successful. In addition, a negative correlation is observed between emotional intelligence and academic performance in consumers, i.e., consumers having excessive attention to their own emotions get worse academic results. Discussion: It can be concluded that consumption of psychoactive substances is associated with poorer academic performance, and that the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic results is indirect, mediated by the consumption of psychoactive substances

Erosion of a Tenckhoff catheter to the sigmoid colon: an uncommon delayed complication.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is one of the most commonly used therapies for patients with impaired renal function. Most frequent complications directly related to the catheter usually present within the first weeks, and range from catheter dysfunction to dialysis-associated peritonitis; bowel perforation while placing the catheter is uncommon, and it is usually assessed in the same surgical event. There are, however, delayed complications, and one of the least frequently described is erosion of the catheter into the bowel. We present the case of a 65-year-old man, who shows up at the emergency room referring to "acute diarrhea" associated with his dialysis, it is quickly diagnosed as a bowel perforation and underwent emergency surgery. During the operation we found adhesions compromising small bowel and sigmoid colon, the far end of the dialysis catheter inside the sigmoid colon, with no signs of colonic leakage to the peritoneal space. We removed the dialysis catheter, resected the fibrous borders of the site of insertion and performed a primary closure. The patient evolved satisfactorily and was subsequently discharged to continue with hemodialysis for renal substitution therapy.

Factores atribucionales de la efectividad psicoterapéutica / Attributional factors of the psychotherapeutic effectiveness

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la atribución que hacen los psicoterapeutas sobre los factores responsables de la cura en el proceso psicoterapéutico. Se pretende averiguar si tal responsabilidad atribuida recae sobre las variables específicas de la psicoterapia (el enfoque y las técnicas utilizadas) o sobre los denominados factores comunes (variables del paciente, del terapeuta y de la relación terapeuta-paciente). Partiendo de una extensa revisión previa de la investigación en psicoterapia, se realiza un amplio análisis sobre las respuestas de una población de psicoterapeutas a un cuestionario creado ad hoc, a fin de comprobar en qué medida las conclusiones a las que ha llegado tal investigación han servido para modificar la opinión generalizada entre los psicoterapeutas de que el principal factor responsable de la cura se debe fundamentalmente a la técnica empleada, entendida como variable específica. Concluimos que no se puede inferir un posicionamiento claro en los terapeutas hacia los factores específicos o comunes como los principales responsables del cambio terapéutico. Asimismo, consideran mayoritaria y significativamente, que los distintos modelos psicoterapéuticos no tienen una efectividad similar. Aparecen discrepancias entre las conclusiones a las que se han llegado desde la investigación en psicoterapia y lo manifestado por los terapeutas estudiados. Se proponen vías de actuación y líneas de investigación a seguir

The aim of this research is to analyze the attribution given by the psychotherapists on the responsible factors of the cure in the psycho-therapeutic process when finding out if that fitted responsibility relies on the specific variables of the psychotherapy (especially on the approach and the techniques used) or on the so called common factors (variables of the patient, the therapist and the relation therapist-patient). With this aim, and through a wide of the answers of a population of psychotherapists to a questionnaire designed ad hoc, we will try to prove if the conclusions obtained in the investigation of the results and the therapeutic processes up to the moment are useful to modify the generalized opinion among the psychotherapists that the main responsible factor of the cure is the technique used, understanding it as a specific variable. Among the main conclusions obtained, we need to mention the fact that the therapist cannot infer a clear position towards the specific or common factors being the main responsible for the therapeutic change. Likewise, the therapists consider mostly and significantly that the different psychotherapeutic patterns do not have a similar effectiveness. We also observe different discrepancies among the conclusions reached by the psychotherapy research and those stated by the therapists analyzed. Research and action lines are proposed