Proposal for a preventive protocol for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw / Propuesta de protocolo preventivo para la osteonecrosis de la mandíbula relacionada con medicamentos

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse reaction experienced by somepatients exposed to certain drugs (antiresorptives such as bisphosphonates or denosumab, and antiangiogenic drugs).From a review of the literature it appears that there is no uniform criterion when selecting preventive measures;these vary according to author. Likewise, the measures recommended are usually general, so that in few cases theyresult in specific actions to be applied depending on the different variables involved such as the type of drug used,the duration of its application, the underlying pathology, the presence or absence of risk factors, etc. The aim of thisstudy has been to design a preventive protocol which can be easily applied in any clinic or by any dental care service.Material and Methods: We undertook an exhaustive literature review to find any articles related to the topic of study,namely, preventive measures for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, on the one hand generically and on theother focusing on dental implant treatment. The most part the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for SystematicReviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. From 3946 items, we selected a total of 21 items.Results: From the analysis of the selected articles, several protocols have been developed that are easy to applyin a dental clinic.: Protocol 1. Before starting treatment with antiresorptives (Patients who are going to be treatedfor osteoporosis / Patients who are going to be treated for cancer). Protocol 2. Once treatment is initiated withantiresorptives (Patients being treated for osteoporosis / Patients being treated for cancer)...(AU)

Influence of a Novel Surface of Bioactive Implants on Osseointegration: A Comparative and Histomorfometric Correlation and Implant Stability Study in Minipigs.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the influence of a novel surface of dental implants (ContacTi®) on the osseointegration process in a minipig model. The surface was compared with other existing surfaces on the market (SLA® and SLActive®) by employing bone implant contact analysis (BIC) and implant stability. METHOD: Twelve minipigs were used with prior authorisation from an ethics committee. Three types of surfaces were tested: SLA® (sand-blasted acid-etched titanium), SLActive® (same but hydrophilic, performed under a nitrogen atmosphere), and ContacTi® (alumina particle bombardment of titanium, bioactivated when treated thermochemically) in 4.1 mm × 8 mm implants with internal connection and a polished neck. Twelve implants of each surface type (N = 36) were placed, sacrificing 1/3 of the animals at 2 weeks of placement, 1/3 at 4 weeks and the remaining 1/3 at 8 weeks. Numerical variables were compared with Analysis of Variance, and the correlation between ISQ and BIC was established with the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: SLActive® and ContacTi® surfaces showed elevated osteoconductivity at 4 weeks, maintaining a similar evolution at 8 weeks (large amount of mature lamellar tissue with high maturity and bone quality). The SLA® surface showed slower maturation. The ISQ values in surgery were elevated (above 65), higher at necropsy and higher at 4 and 8 weeks in the SLA® group than in the other two (SLActive® and ContacTi®). No significant correlation was found between ISQ and BIC for each implant surface and necropsy time. CONCLUSION: The three surfaces analysed showed high RFA and BIC values, which were more favourable for the SLActive® and ContacTi® surfaces. No statistical correlation was found between the RFA and BIC values in any of the three surfaces analysed.

Protocolo de control del dolor y la inflamación postquirúrgica. Una aproximación racional / Postoperative pain and swelling treatment protocol. A rational approach

Uno de los objetivos fundamentales de todo cirujano bucal debe ser el tratar de reducir al máximo los síntomas postoperatorios que siguen a cualquier intervención quirúrgica. Para ello resulta esencial el conocimiento de la fisiopatogenia de la inflamación postoperatoria. La evidencia científica ha puesto de manifiesto la importancia de actuar no sólo postoperatoriamente sino desde antes de iniciarse la intervención para controlar así todas las variables que influyen en el dolor y la inflamación posterior. La importancia de la filosofía preventiva se asocia a la del manejo racional de los fármacos disponibles para tal fin. En el presente artículo se revisan -desde la luz de la evidencia científica, pero también desde la propia experiencia de los autores-, las distintas medidas y actuaciones que pueden aplicarse en las diferentes fases de la intervención, y se establece un protocolo farmacológico orientativo que pueda ser fácilmente aplicable para controlar los síntomas postoperatorios de nuestros tratamientos quirúrgicos

One of the most important goals in oral surgery must be to reduce postsurgical symptoms following any surgical procedure. In order to obtain this objective it is very important to know the postoperative inflammation physiopathology. Scientific evidence has emphasized the importance of pre-emptive and preoperative treatment to control all the variables related with postoperative pain and swelling. The preventive philosophy must be associated with a rational use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. In this paper, based on the scientific evidence but also on our clinical experience, we review the different therapeutic measures that we can apply before, during and after the surgical procedure. We also describe a pharmacological protocol that is easily applicable in our offices in order to control postoperative symptoms

Infecciones orofaciales de origen odontogénico / Orofacial infections of odontogenic origin

La naturaleza polimicrobiana de las infecciones odontógenas así como la heterogeneidad de los cuadros clínicos asociados son consecuencia de la diversidad de la microbiota bucal y de la complejidad anatómica y funcional de la cavidad oral. Así mismo, estos procesos pueden dar lugar a múltiples complicaciones que pueden limitarse a afecciones locales o derivar hasta compromisos sistémicos. En el tratamiento farmacológico de estas infecciones es crucial la elección del antibiótico y la pauta posológica más eficaces. La farmacodinamia proporciona los parámetros que hacen posible valorar como varía la actividad de los antibióticos en función del tiempo. Como norma general, en el manejo inicial de las infecciones orofaciales en el adulto, incluidas las infecciones odontógenas, se utilizará amoxicilina/ac. Clavulánico en dosis de 875 mg de amoxicilina y 125 mg de ac. clavulánico pautado cada 8 horas. El cumplimiento terapéutico es clave para evitar la aparición de resistencias, por lo que se ha de maximizar la aceptación por parte de los pacientes. En este sentido se ha demostrado que la nueva presentación de 2000/125 mg de Augmentine Plus pautado cada 12 horas tanto en profilaxis como tratamiento disminuye significativamente la tasa de complicaciones infecciosas derivada de la extracción del tercer molar (AU)

The polymicrobial nature of the odontogenic infections as well as the variety of associated conditions are a consequence of the diversity of the buccal microbiota and the anatomical and functional complexity of the oral cavity. In addition to this, all these processes can give way to multiple complications which range from the local to the systemic level. The appropriate choice of antibiotic and posology is crucial in the successful management of these infections. Pharmacodyna-mics provides those parameters that make it possible to assess how antibiotics activity varies in time. As a general rule, the first step in the initial management of orofacial infections in adults, included odontogenic infections, will be the administration of 875 mg of amoxicillin and 125 mg of clavulanic every 8 hours. Therapeutic compliance is paramount to avoid resistance, therefore patient's acceptance must be sought. In this sense, it has been proved that Augmentine Plus (2000/125) every twelve hours both as profylaxis and as treatment significantly decreases the rate of infective complications associated to extraction of the third molar (AU)