The Effect of Virtual Reality on the Reduction of Pain in Women with an Indication for Outpatient Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The cognitive distraction caused by Virtual Reality (VR) seems to cause a decrease both in pain and its perception as in the time spent thinking about possible pain, among anxiety about hysteroscopy procedure. The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality for pain relief during outpatient hysteroscopy. Method: A total of 83 patients underwent outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy in a single-centre, open-label, randomized control trial. Overall, 180 women with medical indication for an outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy were randomized. Ten were excluded due to the impossibility of entering the endometrial cavity caused by a cervical canal that was not permeable, and 15 did not tolerate the pain at the beginning and during the procedure, excluding themselves from the final model. Finally, 154 were analysed per protocol to use VR (n = 82, study group) or standard treatment (n = 72, control group) assessing the differences between both groups by reduction in pain using Visual Analogue Scale score (VAS: 0-10 cm) and clinical data (arterial pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation) at the end of hysteroscopy, at 15 and 30 min after hysteroscopy. Results: Women with VR outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy experienced less pain at final (VAS score 2.451 vs. 3.972, standard mean difference (SMD) -1.521, 95% CI -2.601 to -0.440; p = 0.006), at 15 min (VAS 1.769 vs. 3.300, SMD -1.531, 95% CI -2.557 to -0.504; p = 0.004), and at 30 min (VAS 1.621 vs. 2.719, SMD -1.099, 95% CI -2.166 to -0.031; p = 0.044) after the ending of the hysteroscopy, compared with no VR. Conclusions: The use of VR during outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy proved effective in the reduction of pain in this randomized control trial. It shows wide potential role in ambulatory gynaecologic procedures to avoid repeating tests, perform surgeries without anaesthesia, and the use of medication and its side effects.

Fibrosis retroperitoneal como diagnóstico diferencial de cáncer de ovario / Retroperitoneal fibrosis as a differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer

La fibrosis retroperitoneal es una enfermedad rara de etiología incierta en la que se produce una fibrosis que rodea a la aorta y/o las arterias iliacas además de a otras estructuras abdomino-pélvicas. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente que presenta clínica de pseudo masa pélvica con uropatía obstructiva. Se opera con sospecha diagnóstica de cáncer de ovario y durante la cirugía se objetiva una fibrosis que engloba todo el lado pelviano izquierdo. Se diagnostica de fibrosis retroperitoneal idiopática sin relación a IgG4 y se trata con corticoterapia (AU)

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare condition, with an uncertain etiology, in which abdominal aorta, iliac arteries and other abdomino-pelvic organs get encased by fibrous tissue. We report a case of a 53 years old women who presents a pseudo-pelvic mass and an urinary tract obstruction. Suspecting ovarian cáncer, the patient goes under surgery in which fibrous tissue surrounding left pelvis is evidenced. Idiopatic retroperitoneal fibrosis not related to IgG4 is diagnosed, and the patient initiates treatment with corticoids (AU)

Diagnóstico posparto de la enfermedad de Wilson en gestante con síndrome HELLP y coagulopatía / Postpartum diagnosis of Wilson disease in a pregnant woman with HELLP syndrome and coagulopathy

El síndrome HELLP es una entidad clínico-analítica definida por anemia hemolítica microangiopática, elevación de enzimas hepáticas y trombocitopenia. La afectación hepática del síndrome es común a diversas hepatopatías. Algunas, inherentes a la gestación (hígado graso agudo del embarazo, colestasis intrahepática gestacional) y otras relativas a enfermedad intercurrente (hepatitis agudas virales) o hepatopatía crónica previa. Se presenta un caso clínico de diagnóstico posparto de hepatopatía crónica por enfermedad de Wilson (EW), que comienza en el tercer trimestre de gestación con síndrome HELLP asociado a insuficiencia hepática y coagulopatía. Se revisan los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales y la literatura científica al respecto. Conclusión. Es importante la realización de un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial del síndrome HELLP, ya que no siempre es secundario a la preeclampsia gestacional, pudiendo ser el punto de partida para el diagnóstico de otras hepatopatías agudas o crónicas subyacentes (AU)

HELLP syndrome is a clinical-analytical entity defined by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and thrombocytopenia. Liver involvement in this syndrome is common to several liver diseases. Some of these liver diseases are inherent to pregnancy (acute fatty liver of pregnancy, gestational intrahepatic cholestasis), while others are related to intercurrent disease (acute viral hepatitis) or to previous chronic liver disease. We report a case of postpartum diagnosis of chronic liver disease secondary to Wilson disease, with onset in the third trimester of pregnancy and HELLP syndrome associated with acute liver failure and coagulopathy. We review the differential diagnosis and the scientific literature on the topic. Conclusion. A correct differential diagnosis of HELLP syndrome is important because this syndrome is not always secondary to gestational preeclampsia and can be the starting point for the diagnosis of other acute or chronic liver diseases (AU)