High-Dose Micafungin in Neonates and Young Infants with Invasive Candidiasis: Results of a Phase 2 Study.

Limited data are available on the most appropriate dosing, efficacy, and safety of micafungin in neonates and young infants with invasive candidiasis (IC). This study evaluated plasma levels, efficacy, and safety of micafungin at a dose of 8 mg/kg daily for a mean of 13.3 days (±5.2 days) in 35 neonates and young infants with IC. Micafungin plasma concentrations were 5.70 mg/liter preadministration and 17.23, 15.59, and 10.27 mg/liter after 1, 2, and 8 h, respectively. The resolution of the infection was achieved in 86.7% of patients treated for ≥14 days. In 20.0% of patients, we observed a transient hypertransaminasemia. Micafungin at a dose of 8 mg/kg daily is effective and well tolerated in neonates and young infants with IC. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT03421002 and in the EU Clinical Trials Register under number 2014-003087-20.).

[Ethmoidal fracture. Differential diagnosis of orbital cellulites in pediatrics. Clinical case]. / Fractura de etmoides como diagnóstico diferencial de celulitis orbitaria en pediatría. Caso clínico.

We report a case of orbital emphysema secondary to ethmoidal fracture after minimal trauma as differential diagnosis of orbital cellulitis not reported before in children. An 8 year-old girl with diagnosis of orbital cellulitis was remitted for admittance, IV antibiotics and evaluation by an ophthalmologist. However, further evaluation led to a diagnosis of ethmoidal lamina papyracea fracture. Patient showed complete resolution in 4 days with outpatient treatment. Once again, this case corroborates that meticulous history taking and physical examination are irreplaceable for decision making.

Fractura de etmoides como diagnóstico diferencial de celulitis orbitaria en pediatría: caso clínico / Ethmoidal fracture: differential diagnosis of orbital cellulites in pediatrics: clinical case

Se comunica un caso de enfisema subcutáneo palpebral por fractura del etmoides postraumatismo mínimo, como diagnóstico diferencial de celulitis orbitaria no comunicado previamenteen pediatría. Niña de 8 años de edad, derivada con diagnóstico de celulitis orbitaria para internación, tratamiento antibiótico endovenoso y evaluación urgente por oftalmología. Sin embargo, en la evaluación ulterior se diagnostica fractura de lámina papirácea del etmoides, con resolución clínica completa a los 4 días de tratamiento ambulatorio. Nuevamente, se comprueba que la anamnesis meticulosa y el prolijo examen físicoson irreemplazables para la adecuada toma de decisiones.(AU)

We report a case of orbital emphysema secondary to ethmoidal fracture after minimal trauma as differential diagnosis of orbital cellulitis not reported before in children. An 8 year-old girl with diagnosis of orbital cellulitis was remitted for admittance, IV antibiotics and evaluation by an ophthalmologist. However, further evaluation led to a diagnosis of ethmoidal lamina papyracea fracture. Patient showed complete resolution in 4days with outpatient treatment. Once again, this case corroborates that meticulous history taking and physical examination are irreplaceable for decision making.(AU)

Fractura de etmoides como diagnóstico diferencial de celulitis orbitaria en pediatría: caso clínico / Ethmoidal fracture: differential diagnosis of orbital cellulites in pediatrics: clinical case

Se comunica un caso de enfisema subcutáneo palpebral por fractura del etmoides postraumatismo mínimo, como diagnóstico diferencial de celulitis orbitaria no comunicado previamenteen pediatría. Niña de 8 años de edad, derivada con diagnóstico de celulitis orbitaria para internación, tratamiento antibiótico endovenoso y evaluación urgente por oftalmología. Sin embargo, en la evaluación ulterior se diagnostica fractura de lámina papirácea del etmoides, con resolución clínica completa a los 4 días de tratamiento ambulatorio. Nuevamente, se comprueba que la anamnesis meticulosa y el prolijo examen físicoson irreemplazables para la adecuada toma de decisiones.

We report a case of orbital emphysema secondary to ethmoidal fracture after minimal trauma as differential diagnosis of orbital cellulitis not reported before in children. An 8 year-old girl with diagnosis of orbital cellulitis was remitted for admittance, IV antibiotics and evaluation by an ophthalmologist. However, further evaluation led to a diagnosis of ethmoidal lamina papyracea fracture. Patient showed complete resolution in 4days with outpatient treatment. Once again, this case corroborates that meticulous history taking and physical examination are irreplaceable for decision making.

Lactate dehydrogenase activity is increased in plasma of infants with advanced necrotizing enterocolitis.

In infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intestinal gangrene defines advanced disease. Since intestinal ischemia is considered a pathogenetic factor for intestinal gangrene, serum activity of mucosal and seromuscular enzymes may be elevated in these patients. Our aim was to evaluate if serum enzymes activity is increased in infants with NEC associated with intestinal gangrene. We performed a retrospective review of the case notes of infants operated on for NEC between 1998 and 2006. Patients with preoperative determination of serum enzymes were included in the study, and were divided into Group A and Group B based on the presence or absence of intestinal gangrene, respectively. Serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were compared in the two Groups. Values are medians (interquartile range). Thirty-five infants were operated on for NEC in the study period. Eighteen patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 12 in Group A and six in Group B. Group A patients had significantly higher LDH activity [1131.0 (1092.0-1300.0) vs. 482.0 (440.0-624.5) IU/L; P < 0.005]. Our findings suggest that LDH activity may be increased in infants with NEC and intestinal gangrene. Its evaluation could be a further tool in the surgical decision making process in infants with NEC.