Arthroscopic All-Inside Remplissage Technique With Knotless Tape Bridge for Hill-Sachs Lesions.

The arthroscopic remplissage procedure has been described to successfully treat engaging Hill-Sachs lesions and improve shoulder stability. Several variations of this technique have been described, including remplissage with 1 or 2 knotted or knotless anchors, remplissage with double or triple bridging pulleys, and remplissage with or without a subacromial view. However, most techniques use anchors in combination with round sutures. This article describes an all-arthroscopic articular knotless remplissage technique using a strong, flat, double-strand suture tape bridge fixed with 2 small anchors under direct joint visualization and reduction of the capsule and infraspinatus without requiring a subacromial view.

Latarjet Cerclage: The All-Arthroscopic Metal-Free Fixation.

The Bristow-Latarjet procedure has been one of the most recognized procedures for the treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation with anterior glenoid bone loss, revision surgery after failed Bankart repair, contact and collision sport injuries, and patients with a high risk of recurrence. Open and arthroscopic approaches have recently shown similar outcomes by several authors. However, complications related to metal implants, despite being low, are still a matter of concern. We describe an all-arthroscopic Latarjet technique with a metal-free fixation method using 2 ultra-high-strength sutures, creating a cerclage construct through 2.4mm glenoid and coracoid tunnels with a final capsulolabral complex reconstruction.

Arthroscopic Knotless Subscapularis Bridge Technique for Reverse Hill-Sachs Lesion With Posterior Shoulder Instability.

Posterior shoulder dislocations are an uncommon cause of glenohumeral instability; they are frequently missed and are associated with humeral head defects and capsulolabral lesions. Despite surgical treatment often being mandatory, there is still no standardized treatment for anterior impaction fractures of the humeral head (reverse Hill-Sachs lesions). Arthroscopic surgery is typically indicated, with a tendency toward resorting to knotless techniques in recent years. We present a method for the treatment of posterior shoulder dislocations with engaging reverse Hill-Sachs lesions that achieves full defect coverage using an arthroscopic all-in-the-box knotless subscapularis bridge technique with 2 anchors-with one crossing the subscapularis tendon and the other embracing it-along with posterior capsulolabral complex restoration. This promising technique is a potentially superior alternative for the treatment of these lesions that can also be used in the presence of concomitant partial subscapularis tears.

Latarjet Cerclage: The Metal-Free Fixation.

The Latarjet technique is a widely used technique for anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone defects, irreparable capsuloligamentous lesion, or in patients at greater risk of recurrence. The use of this technique has been reported to obtain satisfactory clinical and biomechanical results. Although other methods exist, the coracoid process is typically fixed with 2 metal screws. Complications related to metal fixation are very frequently reported. In an attempt to avoid these complications, we developed this arthroscopically assisted metal-free Latarjet technique in which we fix a coracoid graft using four cerclage tapes to achieve a strong, stable fixation, thus mimicking a plate.

Arthroscopic "Bone Block Cerclage" Technique for Posterior Shoulder Instability.

Many open and arthroscopic techniques have been described to treat posterior glenohumeral instability. Multifactorial features of posterior shoulder instability pathoanatomy and varied patient characteristics have challenged the understanding of this condition and have led to dissimilar results, without a strong consensus for the most adequate technique to treat it. We describe an arthroscopic anatomical metal-free posterior glenoid reconstruction technique, using a tricortical iliac crest allograft with 2 ultra-high strength sutures (FiberTape Cerclage System; Arthrex, Naples, FL) with concomitant posterior capsulolabral complex reconstruction procedure.

Hipertensión arterial secundaria en el adulto: evaluación diagnóstica y manejo / Secondary arterial hypertension in adults: diagnostic assesment and management

La Hipertensión arterial (HTA) es un grave problema de salud pública mundial. En efecto, sus complicaciones causan anualmente 9,4 millones de muertes. La HTA también es un problema de salud de alto impacto en Chile. De hecho, la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2009-2010 del Ministerio de Salud, reportó una prevalencia del 26,9%. La HTA se define como una Presión arterial sistólica (PAS) 140mmHg y/o una Presión arterial diastólica (PAD) 90mmHg. Tradicionalmente, se ha clasificado la HTA en primaria o esencial, que agrupa a más del 90% de los hipertensos adultos; y en secundaria, que reúne a menos del 10% de los hipertensos. En la evaluación inicial de un paciente con HTA, se debe: Confirmar el diagnóstico; 2) Detectar causas de HTA secundaria, y 3) Evaluar riesgo cardiovascular (CV), daño orgánico y comorbilidades. Para ello, se necesita determinar la Presión Arterial (PA) y la historia clínica, que incluya antecedentes familiares, examen físico, pruebas de laboratorio y pruebas diagnósticas adicionales. En un pequeño porcentaje de adultos con HTA, se puede identificar una causa específica y potencialmente reversible; no obstante, debido a su elevada prevalencia, las formas secundarias pueden afectar a millones de pacientes en todo el mundo. Se puede sospechar una forma secundaria de HTA por un alza marcada de la PA, la aparición o empeoramiento repentinos de una HTA, una mala respuesta de la PA al tratamiento farmacológico y por un daño orgánico desproporcionado para la duración de la HTA. Si la evaluación inicial hace pensar que el paciente tiene una HTA secundaria, entonces se debe tener en consideración las causas más relevantes, que se describen en este artículo.

Arterial hypertension is a serious public health problem worldwide. Indeed, its complications cause 9.4 million deaths annually. Hypertension is also a health problem with high impact in Chile. In fact, the National Health Survey 2009-2010, conducted by the Ministry of Health, showed a prevalence of 26.9%. Arterial hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90mmHg. Traditionally, hypertension has been classified into primary or essential, which represents over 90% of adults with hypertension; and secondary, which includes less than 10% of hypertensive patients. The initial evaluation of a patient with hypertension should: 1) Confirm the diagnosis of hypertension; 2) Detect causes of secondary hypertension; and 3) Assess cardiovascular risk, organ damage (OD) and concomitant clinical conditions. This calls for blood pressure (BP) measurement, medical history including family history, physical examination, laboratory investigations and further diagnostic tests. A specific, potentially reversible cause of BP elevation can be identified in a relatively small proportion of adult patients with hypertension. However, because of the overall high prevalence of hypertension, secondary forms can affect millions of patients worldwide. A secondary form of hypertension can be indicated by a severe elevation in BP, sudden onset or worsening of hypertension, poor BP response to drug therapy and OD disproportionate to the duration of hypertension. If the initial assessment suggests that the patient has a secondary hypertension, then you should take into consideration the relevant causes, which are described in this article.