Numerical simulation of rock blasting under different in-situ stresses and joint conditions.

High primary rock stress can limit the generation of rock cracks caused by blasting, and blasting usually shows different rock breaking states under different primary rock stress conditions. There are a large number of naturally formed joints in rock mass, due to the limitations of laboratory tests, a numerical model of jointed rock mass was established using LS-DYNA software to investigate the evolution of blasting damage under various in-situ stresses and open joints. In this simulation, using the Lagrange-Euler (ALE) procedure and the equation of state (JWL) that defines explosive materials, the study considered different joint thicknesses (2cm, 4cm, and 6cm), joint angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°), and in-situ stress conditions (lateral stress coefficients of 0.5, 1, and 2, with vertical in-situ stresses of 10MPa and 20MPa), through stress analysis and damage area comparison, the relationship between damage crack propagation and horizontal and vertical stress difference is explored. The research aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying crack initiation and propagation. The results show that: (1) The presence of joints exerts a barrier effect on the expansion and penetration of cracks. When explosion stress waves reach the joint surface, their propagation is impeded, leading to the diffusion of wing cracks at the joint ends. When the lateral stress coefficient and joint angle are the same, an increase in initial in-situ stress results in a reduction in the area of the blasting damage zone. (2) Under the same initial in-situ stress conditions, the area of the blasting damage zone initially increases and then decreases with an increasing joint angle. However, it remains larger than that without a joint, and there exists an optimal angle that maximizes the damage area. In the simulated conditions, the area of damage cracks is greatest when the joint angle is 60° dip angle. (3) The presence of initial in-situ stress has a certain impact on the initiation and expansion of blasting cracks. The degree and nature of this influence are not solely related to the lateral stress coefficient but also depend on the joint's angle and thickness. When in-situ stress is present, the initial in-situ stress field's pressure is not conducive to the initiation and propagation of blasting cracks. However, the existence of a joint has a noticeable guiding and promoting effect on crack propagation, and the pattern of crack propagation is influenced by both joint and in-situ stress conditions.

Research on rockburst prevention systems based on the attenuation law of coal and rock vibration wave energy.

During the coal and rock mass fracture process, elastic properties are released and vibration waves are radiated outward. The energy attenuation characteristics of these waves can describe the cumulative damage and elastic energy accumulation of the mass. To investigate coal and rock mass failure characteristics and energy attenuation rules during rockburst, numerical simulation and laboratory testing were utilized to study the energy transfer laws under various parameters. Six variables, including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk density, cohesion, internal friction angle, and void ratio, were selected to simulate the rockburst energy release process under different parameter combinations by adding surface pressure to the model. The coal and rock mass energy attenuation coefficient was obtained by fitting the node energy straight line using the least squares method. The six variables' influence on vibration wave energy transfer was obtained using analytic hierarchy process program written in MATLAB, and a comprehensive calculation formula was proposed. Using the energy attenuation coefficient, the rock layer energy diffusion distance was calculated and compared with the roof collapse rock layer step distance, resulting in the roof rock layer cutting distance determination. By roof rock strata precutting, rockburst occurrence can be prevented, ensuring safe and efficient coal mine production.

Study on the characteristic of overburden rock structure and support system of the retraction channel in layered fully mechanized caving face.

Aiming at the technical problems of frequent dynamic pressure disturbance of regenerated roof and roadway stability control in the process of forming large-section support return channel under the delamination mining, taking 1200-2 fully mechanized caving face of Baiyinhua No. 4 Mine as the engineering background, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were adopted. The overburden structure of the lower stratified caving face and the loading characteristics of the roof after the expansion are analyzed, and the breaking forms and the limiting conditions of the roof are given.The combined support scheme of anchor rod + metal mesh + steel ladder belt + I-beam insertion + suspension beam + anchor cable + single pillar is studied to form a set of safe and efficient construction support technology system. Practice shows that this scheme can effectively reduce the roof subsidence, narrow the scope of plastic failure zone, and ensure the stability of roadway surrounding rock during the support withdrawal period. Successfully complete the efficient withdrawal of hydraulic support. The research results can provide a good reference for the roof management and the smooth output of coal resources under similar conditions.

Pan-cancer analysis from multi-omics data reveals AAMP as an unfavourable prognostic marker.

OBJECTIVES: Angio-associated migratory cell protein (AAMP) is a protein that participates in cell migration and is reported to be involved in cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanism of AAMP in pan-cancer is not known. METHODS: We used multi-omics data, such as TIMER, TCGA, GTEx, CPTAC, HPA, and cBioPortal to analyze AAMP expression, and gene alteration in pan-cancer. Univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier were utilized to explore prognostic significance of AAMP expression level. We applied Spearman analysis to investigate the correlation between AAMP and TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints. Moreover, we mainly studied liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC) to explore AAMP expression, clinical significance, and prognosis. Cox regression analysis was used to study independent factor to predict prognosis for AAMP in LIHC. GSEA was utilized to investigate the biological function for AAMP in LIHC. RESULTS: AAMP was overexpressed in most cancers, and high AAMP expression was associated with worse overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progress-free interval (PFI) for LIHC and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Moreover, AAMP had the highest mutation frequency in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). AAMP was correlated with TMB and MSI in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and thyroid carcinoma (THCA). Then, we focus on LIHC to investigate the expression and prognosis of AAMP. AAMP overexpression was related to histological grade and pathological stage in LIHC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that AAMP overexpression was an independent adverse prognostic marker for LIHC. AAMP expression was correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints in LIHC. Function enrichment analysis indicated the participation of AAMP in the cell cycle and DNA replication. CONCLUSIONS: AAMP was a latent prognostic indicator for pan-cancer and had high potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LIHC.

Cell atlas of CCl 4-induced progressive liver fibrosis reveals stage-specific responses.

Chronic liver injury leads to progressive liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, there are currently no effective anti-fibrotic therapies available, especially for late-stage patients, which is partly attributed to the major knowledge gap regarding liver cell heterogeneity and cell-specific responses in different fibrosis stages. To reveal the multicellular networks regulating mammalian liver fibrosis from mild to severe phenotypes, we generated a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas encompassing 49 919 nuclei corresponding to all main liver cell types at different stages of murine carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced progressive liver fibrosis. Integrative analysis distinguished the sequential responses to injury of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells and endothelial cells. Moreover, we reconstructed cell-cell interactions and gene regulatory networks implicated in these processes. These integrative analyses uncovered previously overlooked aspects of hepatocyte proliferation exhaustion and disrupted pericentral metabolic functions, dysfunction for clearance by apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells, accumulation of pro-fibrotic signals, and the switch from an anti-angiogenic to a pro-angiogenic program during CCl 4-induced progressive liver fibrosis. Our dataset thus constitutes a useful resource for understanding the molecular basis of progressive liver fibrosis using a relevant animal model.

Research on main influencing factors and complete support technology for dynamic pressure and large deformation roadway.

To determine the main factors influencing dynamic pressure and large deformation roadways, a targeted set of support technologies was designed. The 2603 air inlet roadway of the Zhangcun coal mine in Lu'an, Shanxi Province, was taken as an example. The influence of the Wenwangshan South normal fault and in situ stress field on the dynamic pressure roadway was analyzed theoretically, and the main factors influencing this dynamic pressure and large deformation roadway under natural geological conditions were determined. The effect of the existing roadway support scheme was evaluated by field test methods such as nondestructive bolt testing. The influence of mining two working faces on the dynamic pressure and large deformation roadway was studied by the FLAC3D numerical simulation method. On this basis, a new grouting material was developed, a complete set of technical schemes of full-section integrated cooperative support of dynamic pressure and large deformation roadways was proposed, and the field application effect was verified. The results showed that under natural geological conditions, the 2603 air inlet roadway was located within the influence range of the Wenwangshan South normal fault, which was significantly affected and controlled by the fault. The included angle between the roadway extension direction and the maximum principal stress was 74°, which was not conducive to the stability of the roadway. The range of the roadway loose zone was large. Under the existing support conditions, the surrounding rock could not form a relatively stable structure, which was one of the main reasons for the large deformation of the surrounding rock in the dynamic pressure roadway. The 2603 air inlet roadway was affected by the mining of both the adjacent working face and the 2603 working face. The stresses were superimposed, and the roadway was greatly deformed and damaged. A new grouting material was developed. A crosslinking agent prepared by toluene diisocyanate and polyether polyol was added to the existing polyurethane material to form a new grouting material, and a complete supporting technical scheme was proposed. The field application results showed that the displacement and floor heave of both sides of the roadway were reduced by approximately 87%, the deformation and failure of the coal and rock mass of the roadway were effectively controlled, and the deformation of the dynamic pressure roadway was greatly reduced.

Human Gingival Stem Cells Prevent Diabetes in NOD Mice by Reducing Follicular B Cells / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

BackgroundType 1 diabetes is caused by a chronic immune response that destroys islet beta cells， resulting in elevated blood glucose. Mesenchymal stem cells can prevent and treat the development of diabetes and its complications. However， little is known about the effects and potential mechanisms of Gingival mesenchymal stem cells （GMSCs） in preventing diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of GMSCs in preventing type 1 diabetes in mice and to find targets for clinical treatment of diabetes. MethodsWe injected human GMSCs into NOD mice to observe the trend of blood glucose， observed the survival of pancreatic β-cells by immunohistochemistry， and detected the change of immune cells in the spleen of mice by flow analysis. Finally， the immune cells in NOD mice were transfused into NOD-SCID mice to observe the onset of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. ResultsGMSCs significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice， with 64% of control mice developing diabetes at 27 weeks of age compared with 35% in the GMSC group， P=0.013. The percentage of Follicular B cells（FO B cell） in the spleen of GMSCs-treated mice decreased from （52.2±4.1）% to （43.2±5.3）%， P=0.008， while other types of immune cells did not change significantly. The immunohistochemical results showed that GMSCs could effectively improve the survival of pancreatic β-cells， which could continuously produce insulin to control blood glucose. Finally， we found the spleen cells transfusion could prevent the development of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. ConclusionGMSCs can reduce diabetes in mice by reducing FO B cells in the spleen.

Antecedents and consequences of brand experience in virtual sports brand communities: A value co-creation perspective.

The influence mechanism for brand experience in virtual sports brand communities is the subject of many studies, but these studies do not feature a holistic consideration of antecedents and consequences, and the moderating role of brand attachment is unclear. Drawing on the value co-creation theory, this study determines the impact of brand experience and its mechanism using the data from 508 virtual sports brand communities. The empirical test results show that value co-creation (i.e., corporate-initiated value co-creation and customer-initiated value co-creation) has a positive effect on the brand experience and that the brand experience has a positive effect on the purchase intention. Brand attachment does not have a moderating role between brand experience and purchase intention so as the degree of brand attachment increases, the brand experience does not increase the purchase intention through a brand attachment. This study determines the antecedents and consequences of brand experience in virtual sports brand communities from a value co-creation perspective, to determine the impact and mechanisms of virtual sports brand communities to guide the marketing practices of virtual sports brand communities.

Insights into fundamental problems of rockburst under the modern structure stress field.

Rockbursts are some of the most severe dynamic disasters in coal mines. In this paper, the discrimination method of the tectonic stress field is proposed by analyzing the modern stress field in China. The tectonic stress field formed by modern tectonic movement guides in situ stress measurements. According to the stress state classification, most rockbursts in coal mines in China are closely associated with tectonic stress. For tectonic stress-driven rockbursts, modern tectonic movement and modern tectonic stress fields must be considered. The stress change and energy transfer caused by tectonic movement affect the geological structure where coal mines are located. Energy accumulation under rockburst conditions is mainly formed by natural geo-dynamic movement and the mining configuration, and energy accumulation is the basis for rockbursts. The application of the geo-dynamic environmental evaluation method to determine the coalfield geo-dynamic process and the influence of modern tectonic movement is proposed. Accordingly, the classification method of rockbursts in coal mines is established. Based on the distribution characteristics of modern tectonic conditions in China, it is revealed that these dynamic disasters follow a "110" distribution. Finally, a "three condition" criteria of rockbursts is proposed: the geo-dynamic environment is a necessary condition for rockbursts, mining disturbance is a sufficient condition for rockbursts, and risk-releasing measures are a condition controlling rockburst risk mitigation.

Numerical simulation of roadway deformation and failure under different degrees of dynamic disturbance.

Deformation and failure of the roadway surrounding rock under dynamic disturbance were explored, which is essential for the control of the surrounding rock. The impact of dynamic disturbance on the deformation and failure of the roadway surrounding rock was studied from a single factor perspective using numerical simulation software. The disturbance intensity, frequency, and time were determined to affect the deformation and plastic zone of the surrounding rock. Firstly, a multi-factor integrated study was achieved using an orthogonal experimental design, and the impact of the three factors on the deformation and plastic zone of the surrounding rock were studied by applying mean value and extreme difference. The results show that the degree of influence of deformation of the roof is time > intensity > frequency in order. The impact of the plastic zone volume is intensity > frequency > time in order. Finally, a multivariate regression model was established using multiple regression analysis. The P = 0 < 0.05 for the regression model is obtained by variance analysis, and the equation regression is significant, which can effectively predict the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock under dynamic disturbance.

Cytokine Profiles and Virological Marker Monitoring during 48 Weeks Peginterferon Alfa Treatment for HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether cytokine profiles and virological markers might add value in monitoring the effects of peginterferon (PEG-IFN) therapy for hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: HBeAg positive patients with CHB were treated with PEG-IFN for 48 weeks. Clinical biochemical, and HBV serological indexes, as well as cytokines, were detected at baseline and every 12 weeks. Results: A total of 116 patients with CHB were enrolled in this study; 100 patients completed the 48-week treatment and follow-up, of whom 38 achieved serum HBeAg disappearance, 25 achieved HBeAg seroconversion, 37 showed HBsAg decreases ≥ 1 log 10 IU/mL, 9 showed HBsAg disappearance, and 8 became HBsAb positive. The cytokine levels at baseline and during treatment were similar between the HBeAg disappearance group and non-disappearance group. The disappearance of HBeAg was independently associated with HBeAg levels at weeks 12 and 24, and with the HBeAg decline at week 24 ( P < 0.05). The HBsAg response was independently associated with HBsAg, the HBsAg decline, HBeAg, the HBeAg decline at week 12, and HBsAg at week 24 ( P< 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the response to interferon (IFN) and cytokines during PEG-IFN treatment. The changes in virological markers predicted the response to IFN after 48 weeks.

Uncommon complication of nasoenteral feeding tube: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The jejunal nutrition tube has increasingly been used in clinical practice, and the results in frequent complications. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a 74-year-old male patient who had been admitted to the intensive care unit for aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure. When confirming the position of the jejunal tube by X-ray, we found that the feeding tube had been placed into the chest. The complications was a disaster, though the misplacement of jejunal feeding tube are uncommon. CONCLUSION: We introduced a way of ultrasound-guided jejunum feeding tube placement to avert the disaster, which was convenient and economical.

A localized small-scale external quality assessment (EQA) for PCR testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the molecular laboratories.

The aim of this study was to estimate the PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 testing in 32 participating laboratories in a localized small-scale external quality assessment (EQA) scheme. EQA samples were distributed to the participants and detected immediately on the day of delivery. Qualitative results were submitted to the EQA provider, including negative or positive results along with cycle threshold (Ct) values for different target genes. Although the variability of Ct values differed among the laboratories in the EQA, a total of 32 (100 %) participants reported correct qualitative results. The study showed that the mean loads of N or E gene were higher than those of ORF1ab in SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples. Regardless of the analyzed gene target, the mean Ct values for weak positive and positive samples varied by fewer than 1.74 and 1.91 cycles, respectively. Less than 12 % of reported Ct values for ORF1ab and N genes deviated by more than ±4 cycles (maximum: -9.92 cycles), while none deviated by more than ±4 cycles for the E gene. The current EQA program can provide a robust practical basis for follow-up planning to conduct evaluations for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing and other novel emerging pathogens in the future.

Cytokine Profiles and Virological Marker Monitoring during 48 Weeks Peginterferon Alfa Treatment for HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This study aimed to investigate whether cytokine profiles and virological markers might add value in monitoring the effects of peginterferon (PEG-IFN) therapy for hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB).@*Methods@#HBeAg positive patients with CHB were treated with PEG-IFN for 48 weeks. Clinical biochemical, and HBV serological indexes, as well as cytokines, were detected at baseline and every 12 weeks.@*Results@#A total of 116 patients with CHB were enrolled in this study; 100 patients completed the 48-week treatment and follow-up, of whom 38 achieved serum HBeAg disappearance, 25 achieved HBeAg seroconversion, 37 showed HBsAg decreases ≥ 1 log 10 IU/mL, 9 showed HBsAg disappearance, and 8 became HBsAb positive. The cytokine levels at baseline and during treatment were similar between the HBeAg disappearance group and non-disappearance group. The disappearance of HBeAg was independently associated with HBeAg levels at weeks 12 and 24, and with the HBeAg decline at week 24 ( P < 0.05). The HBsAg response was independently associated with HBsAg, the HBsAg decline, HBeAg, the HBeAg decline at week 12, and HBsAg at week 24 ( P< 0.05).@*Conclusion@#There was no significant correlation between the response to interferon (IFN) and cytokines during PEG-IFN treatment. The changes in virological markers predicted the response to IFN after 48 weeks.

ΔPCO2 and ΔPCO2/C(a-cv)O2 Are Not Predictive of Organ Dysfunction After Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Background: Cardiac surgery is associated with a substantial risk of major adverse events. Although carbon dioxide (CO2)-derived variables such as venous-to-arterial CO2 difference (ΔPCO2), and PCO2 gap to arterial-venous O2 content difference ratio (ΔPCO2/C(a-cv)O2) have been successfully used to predict the prognosis of non-cardiac surgery, their prognostic value after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains controversial. This hospital-based study explored the relationship between ΔPCO2, ΔPCO2/C(a-cv)O2 and organ dysfunction after CPB. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 114 intensive care unit patients after elective cardiac surgery with CPB. Patients were divided into the organ dysfunction group (OI) and non-organ dysfunction group (n-OI) depending on whether organ dysfunction occurred or not at 48 h after CPB. ΔPCO2 was defined as the difference between central venous and arterial CO2 partial pressure. Results: The OI group has 37 (32.5%) patients, 27 of which (23.7%) had one organ dysfunction and 10 (8.8%) had two or more organ dysfunctions. No statistical significance was found (P = 0.84) for ΔPCO2 in the n-OI group at intensive care unit (ICU) admission (9.0, 7.0-11.0 mmHg), and at 4 (9.0, 7.0-11.0 mmHg), 8 (9.0, 7.0-11.0 mmHg), and 12 h post admission (9.0, 7.0-11.0 mmHg). In the OI group, ΔPCO2 also showed the same trend [ICU admission (9.0, 8.0-12.8 mmHg) and 4 (10.0, 7.0-11.0 mmHg), 8 (10.0, 8.5-12.5 mmHg), and 12 h post admission (9.0, 7.3-11.0 mmHg), P = 0.37]. No statistical difference was found for ΔPCO2/C(a-cv)O2 in the n-OI group (P = 0.46) and OI group (P = 0.39). No difference was detected in ΔPCO2, ΔPCO2/C(a-cv)O2 between groups during the first 12 h after admission (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis of the patients with two or more failing organs compared to the n-OI group showed that the predictive performance of lactate and Base excess (BE) improved, but not of ΔPCO2 and ΔPCO2/C(a-cv)O2. Regression analysis showed that the BE at 8 h after admission (odds ratio = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.08-1.74, P = 0.009) was a risk factor for organ dysfunction 48 h after CBP. Conclusion : ΔPCO2 and ΔPCO2/C(a-cv)O2 cannot be used as reliable indicators to predict the occurrence of organ dysfunction at 48 h after CBP due to the pathophysiological process that occurs after CBP.

[Corrigendum] Lentivirus­mediated RNA interference of clusterin enhances the chemosensitivity of EJ bladder cancer cells to epirubicin in vitro.

Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, the authors have realized that Fig. 2A in this paper contained an error. The image selected to represent the experiment showing the invasion ability of EJ cells in the epirubicine/LV­NC group of Fig. 2A was chosen mistakenly during the figure compilation process. A corrected version of Fig. 2 is shown on the next page. Note that this error did not affect either the results or the conclusions reported in this paper, and all the authors agree to this Corrigendum. The authors are grateful to the Editor of Molecular Medicine Reports for allowing them the opportunity to publish this Corrigendum, and apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in Molecular Medicine Reports 6: 1133­1139, 2012; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1017].

Laboratory-Developed Test for SARS-CoV-2 Using Saliva Samples at the University of California, Riverside

Here we describe a relatively quick, simple, economical and accurate laboratory developed test (LDT) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in heated and diluted saliva samples without RNA extraction. Our protocol is a variation of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign SHIELD LDT. Differences include chilling of the samples during dilution and using a reduced volume for the qRT-PCR reactions. The level of detection for our LDT is 3125 copies/ml, which compares favorably with other saliva-based tests. Initial validation studies with a limited number of patient samples have demonstrated excellent agreement between results using our LDT and those obtained from external laboratories. The cost of consumables for our test is under $8 and a throughput of 1000 tests/day can be achieved with 3-4 personnel.

Decontamination of dense nonaqueous-phase liquids in groundwater using pump-and-treat and in situ chemical oxidation processes: a field test.

Groundwater remediation is difficult because of the complexity of the treatment area and the presence of various pollutants, and it is difficult to achieve using a single process. A combined pump-and-treat (P&T) and in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) system was used to remove dense nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) from groundwater at the field scale in this study. The underground water pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and SO4 2- concentration were used as indirect evidence of in situ chemical reactions. Groundwater remediation using the P&T-ISCO process using 1.5% sodium persulfate and 0.03% sodium hydroxide had a remarkable effect on DNAPLs, and the DNAPL diffusion distance was much higher under pumping conditions than under natural conditions. During groundwater remediation, the pollutant concentration positively correlated with the pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen concentration and negatively correlated with the SO4 2- concentration. In summary, P&T-ISCO can effectively accelerate DNAPL degradation to give efficient groundwater remediation.

Identification of a Novel Susceptibility Marker for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Subjects and Risk Mitigation with a Clinically Approved JAK Inhibitor in Human/Mouse Cells

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has affected over 65 million individuals and killed over 1.5 million persons (December 8, 2020; www.who.int)1. While fatality rates are higher among the elderly and those with underlying comorbidities2, host factors that promote susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease are poorly understood. Although individuals with certain autoimmune/inflammatory disorders show increased susceptibility to viral infections, there is incomplete knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in these diseases.3-7 We report that the autoimmune PTPN2 risk variant rs1893217 promotes expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and increases cellular entry mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Elevated ACE2 expression and viral entry were mediated by increased JAK-STAT signalling, and were reversed by the JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel risk biomarker for increased expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and viral entry, and identify a clinically approved therapeutic agent to mitigate this risk.