Maternal Toxoplasma gondii infection affects proliferation, differentiation and cell cycle regulation of retinal neural progenitor cells in mouse embryo.

Background: Toxoplasmosis affects one third of the world population and has the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii as etiological agent. Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) can cause severe damage to the fetus, including miscarriages, intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus and retinochoroiditis. Severity of CT depends on the gestational period in which infection occurs, and alterations at the cellular level during retinal development have been reported. In this study, we proposed a mouse CT model to investigate the impact of infection on retinal development. Methods: Pregnant females of pigmented C57BL/6 strain mice were infected intragastrically with two T. gondii cysts (ME49 strain) at embryonic day 10 (E10), and the offspring were analyzed at E18. Results: Infected embryos had significantly smaller body sizes and weights than the PBS-treated controls, indicating that embryonic development was affected. In the retina, a significant increase in the number of Ki-67-positive cells (marker of proliferating cells) was found in the apical region of the NBL of infected mice compared to the control. Supporting this, cell cycle proteins Cyclin D3, Cdk6 and pChK2 were significantly altered in infected retinas. Interestingly, the immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant increase in the population of ß-III-tubulin-positive cells, one of the earliest markers of neuronal differentiation. Conclusions: Our data suggests that CT affects cell cycle progression in retinal progenitor cells, possibly inducing the arrest of these cells at G2/M phase. Such alterations could influence the differentiation, anticipating/increasing neuronal maturation, and therefore leading to abnormal retinal formation. Our model mimics important events observed in ocular CT.

Retrospective benefit-cost analysis of bovine brucellosis control in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

From 2001, due to the launching of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis, Brazil began a series of studies aimed at the epidemiological characterization of bovine brucellosis in its federative units. In the state of Mato Grosso, studies conducted in 2003 and 2014 showed a reduction in the prevalence of infected herds from 41.2 % to 24 % and in the prevalence of seropositive animals from 10.2 % to 5.1 %. These results stemmed from the efficient heifer vaccination program with S19 implemented by the state. From this scenario, the present study quantified and compared the benefits and costs of bovine brucellosis control in the state through a financial analysis. When considering private and public costs, the Net Present Value (NPV) was estimated at US$ 37.5 million, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was calculated at 31 %, and the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) was 2.3. When considering only the private costs, the NPV was US$ 51.3 million, the IRR was 46 % and the BCR was 3.43, indicating that the cattle producer in Mato Grosso had a return of US$ 3.43 for each US$ 1.00 invested. Therefore, the bovine brucellosis control actions carried out in the state of Mato Grosso between 2003 and 2014 were highly advantageous from the economic point of view. The most rational way to continue decreasing bovine brucellosis prevalences at low cost in the state is to maintain the heifer vaccination program, using the RB51 vaccine in addition to S19.

Ultrafast hot electron-hole plasma photoluminescence in two-dimensional semiconductors.

The transition metal dichalcogenide family of semiconducting two-dimensional materials has recently shown a prominent potential to be an ideal platform to study the exciton Mott transition into electron-hole plasma and liquid phases due to their strong Coulomb interactions. Here, we show that pulsed laser excitation at high pump fluences can induce this exciton Mott transition to an electron-hole plasma in mono and few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides at room temperature. The formation of an electron-hole plasma leads to a broadband light emission spanning from the near infrared to the visible region. In agreement with our theoretical calculations, the photoluminescence emission at high energies displays an exponential decay that directly reflects the electronic temperature - a characteristic fingerprint of unbound electron-hole pair recombination. Furthermore, two-pulse excitation correlation measurements were performed to study the dynamics of electronic cooling, which shows two decay time components, one of less than 100 fs and a slower component of few ps associated with the electron-phonon and phonon-lattice bath thermalizations, respectively. Our work may shed light on further studies of the exciton Mott transition into other two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures and its applications in nanolasers and other optoelectronic devices.

Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Leads to Inflammatory Activation through NF-κB Non-Canonical Pathway and Mitochondrial Remodeling.

Neurological effects of COVID-19 and long-COVID-19, as well as neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2, still pose several questions and are of both clinical and scientific relevance. We described the cellular and molecular effects of the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) in vitro exposure by SARS-CoV-2 to understand the underlying mechanisms of viral transmigration through the blood-brain barrier. Despite the low to non-productive viral replication, SARS-CoV-2-exposed cultures displayed increased immunoreactivity for cleaved caspase-3, an indicator of apoptotic cell death, tight junction protein expression, and immunolocalization. Transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2-challenged cultures revealed endothelial activation via NF-κB non-canonical pathway, including RELB overexpression and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 led to altered secretion of key angiogenic factors and to significant changes in mitochondrial dynamics, with increased mitofusin-2 expression and increased mitochondrial networks. Endothelial activation and remodeling can further contribute to neuroinflammatory processes and lead to further BBB permeability in COVID-19.

Impacto da protetização auditiva na qualidade de vida do adulto com deficiência auditiva: revisão de escopo / Impact of hearing aids on the quality of life of adults with adult disabilities: scope review

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar os benefícios da protetização auditiva na qualidade de vida do adulto com deficiência auditiva. Estratégia de pesquisa Revisão de escopo, guiada pelas recomendações PRISMA. Critérios de seleção A busca foi realizada com o auxílio dos unitermos "auxiliares de audição", "aparelho auditivo", "implante coclear", "fonoaudiologia", "deficiência auditiva", "perda auditiva", "qualidade de vida", e seus respectivos em inglês e espanhol, nos bancos virtuais de dados: LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e OpenGrey. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente. Resultados Foram identificados 1.312 registros e selecionados 6 artigos, com população protetizada auditivamente, dos 18 aos 92 anos, de ambos os gêneros, usuários de implante coclear e aparelho de amplificação sonora individual. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de avaliação das expectativas do adulto/idoso novo usuário de próteses auditivas, International Outcome Inventory For Hearing Aids, Questionário Nijmegen de Implantes Cocleares, Questionário de Satisfação do Cliente, Caregiver Strain Questionnaire, Formulário de Questionário Relativo ao Índice, World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref, Glasgow Health Status Inventory, Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, Cochlear Implant Quality of Life, Caregiver Burden Scale, Escala Quantificada de Denver e Escala Visual Analógica. Os resultados indicaram melhor qualidade de vida nos domínios testados, tanto na visão dos adultos surdos quanto na de seus parceiros. Conclusão Apesar da heterogeneidade dos protocolos de qualidade de vida utilizados nos estudos selecionados, foi possível verificar que a protetização auditiva melhora a qualidade de vida do adulto com deficiência auditiva.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the benefits of hearing aids in the quality of life of adults with hearing loss. Research strategy Scoping review guided by PRISMA recommendations. Selection criteria with the help of the keywords "hearing aids", "hearing aid", "cochlear implant", "speech therapy", "hearing impairment", "hearing loss", "quality of life", and their respective in English and Spanish in the virtual databases: LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Open Grey. Qualitatively analyzed. Results 1,312 records were identified and six articles were selected, with a hearing aided population from 18 to 92 years old, from both genders, cochlear implant and individual sound amplification device users. Questionnaires were used (assessment of expectations of adults/elderly users of hearing aids, International Outcome Inventory For Hearing Aids, Nijmegen Cochlear Implant, Satisfaction, Caregiver Strain Questionnaire, Relative to the Index, World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref, Glasgow Health Status Inventory, Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, Cochlear Implant Quality of Life and scales (Care Giving Burden Scale), Denver Quantified and visual analog). The results indicated a better quality of life in the domains tested, both in the view of deaf adults and their partners. Conclusion Despite the heterogeneity of the quality of life protocols used in the selected studies, it was possible to verify that hearing aids increase the quality of life of adults with hearing loss.

Reflexão ética sobre a teleconsulta / Reflections on remote consultation / Reflexión ética sobre la teleconsulta

Resumo As tecnologias da informação e comunicação têm influência cada vez maior na área da saúde, sendo o aumento significativo do recurso à teleconsulta um reflexo disso. Os benefícios que essa modalidade de prestação de serviços de saúde ocasiona são inquestionáveis, a começar pelo facto de auxiliarem a enfrentar os desafios contemporâneos que assolam os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo. Todavia, a sua crescente utilização vem sublinhar a importância de salvaguardar questões éticas relacionadas com a autonomia, equidade, privacidade e qualidade da relação entre o utente e o profissional de saúde. Este artigo pretende estimular uma reflexão acerca dos desafios éticos que se colocam antes, durante e após o uso da teleconsulta, com o intuito de otimizar e modelar a sua utilização.

Abstract Information and communication Technologies are increasingly present in health care, as exemplified by the recourse to remote consultation. Such care delivery modality brings unquestionable benefits, such as helping to face the contemporary challenges plaguing health systems worldwide. But its ever-increasing use underlines the importance of safeguarding ethical issues related to autonomy, equity, privacy, and the quality of the user-professional relations. This paper reflects on the ethical challenges presented before, during, and after remote consultation as to optimize and shape its use.

Resumen Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación tienen una influencia cada vez mayor en el área de la salud, y esto lleva a un aumento significativo en el uso de la teleconsulta. Muchos son los beneficios de esta modalidad de prestación de servicios sanitarios, comenzando por el hecho de que ayudan a abordar los desafíos contemporáneos que afectan a los sistemas de salud en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, su uso creciente destaca la importancia de salvaguardar las cuestiones éticas relacionadas con la autonomía, la equidad, la privacidad y la calidad de la relación entre el paciente y el profesional de la salud. Este artículo pretende incitar a una reflexión sobre los desafíos éticos que surgen antes, durante y después del uso de la teleconsulta, con el fin de optimizarlo y modelarlo.

The multiple functions of PrPC in physiological, cancer, and neurodegenerative contexts.

Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a highly conserved glycoprotein, present both anchored in the cell membrane and soluble in the extracellular medium. It has a diversity of ligands and is variably expressed in numerous tissues and cell subtypes, most notably in the central nervous system (CNS). Its importance has been brought to light over the years both under physiological conditions, such as embryogenesis and immune system homeostasis, and in pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. During development, PrPC plays an important role in CNS, participating in axonal growth and guidance and differentiation of glial cells, but also in other organs such as the heart, lung, and digestive system. In diseases, PrPC has been related to several types of tumors, modulating cancer stem cells, enhancing malignant properties, and inducing drug resistance. Also, in non-neoplastic diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, PrPC seems to alter the dynamics of neurotoxic aggregate formation and, consequently, the progression of the disease. In this review, we explore in detail the multiple functions of this protein, which proved to be relevant for understanding the dynamics of organism homeostasis, as well as a promising target in the treatment of both neoplastic and degenerative diseases.

Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory in Mexican Young Adults.

The aim of this work was to adapt and validate the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) in Mexican young adults and analyze its psychometric properties. Using an Internet-based survey, data were collected from 307 (64.5% female) Mexican young adults university students (aged 18-30). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the factor structure of the revised Mexican version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI-RMx). Convergent and predictive validity were verified by carrying out correlations with the parent form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Results indicated that the SAI-RMx presents good levels of internal consistency and a monodimensional structure, also providing evidence for convergent, predictive, and construct validity. Furthermore, secure attachments were linked with high levels of self-esteem, as well as with high levels of life satisfaction. The SAI-RMx is expected to be a reliable instrument for measuring the global level and the three components of secure attachment between siblings in the young adult's Mexican population.

Acoustically Driven Stark Effect in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers.

The Stark effect is one of the most efficient mechanisms to manipulate many-body states in nanostructured systems. In mono- and few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides, it has been successfully induced by optical and electric field means. Here, we tune the optical emission energies and dissociate excitonic states in MoSe2 monolayers employing the 220 MHz in-plane piezoelectric field carried by surface acoustic waves. We transfer the monolayers to high dielectric constant piezoelectric substrates, where the neutral exciton binding energy is reduced, allowing us to efficiently quench (above 90%) and red-shift the excitonic optical emissions. A model for the acoustically induced Stark effect yields neutral exciton and trion in-plane polarizabilities of 530 and 630 × 10-5 meV/(kV/cm)2, respectively, which are considerably larger than those reported for monolayers encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. Large in-plane polarizabilities are an attractive ingredient to manipulate and modulate multiexciton interactions in two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures for optoelectronic applications.

Techniques for removing root canal posts: an vitro study / Técnicas para remoção de pinos intrarradiculares: um estudo in vitro

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi responder qual é a melhor técnica para remoção de pinos de fibra de vidro e pinos metálicos fundidos considerando tempo, preservação da estrutura dentária e custos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo in vitro, randomizado e cego. Sessenta dentes tratados endodonticamente foram randomizados em dois grupos de acordo com o tipo de pino. Uma segunda randomização foi realizada para cada tipo de técnica de remoção (ultrassom, broca ou combinada; n=10). One-way ANOVA foi usado para comparar o tempo de remoção do pino, teste t pareado comparou a quantidade de estrutura dentária removida e Kruskal Wallis seguido pelo teste post hoc de Mann-Whitney foram usados para análise de custo (P = 0,05). Resultados: Não houve diferença no tempo de remoção do pino considerando o tipo ou técnica do pino (P=0,630). A perda média de estrutura dentária na região cervical foi superior a 30% quando apenas uma ponta diamantada foi usada para remover pino de fibra de vidro (P<0,00001) e pino metálico fundido (P=0,008). Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados deste estudo, podemos concluir que a seleção da técnica de remoção dependerá da habilidade do operador, e sempre ocorrerá alguma perda de estrutura dentária, embora seja esperada uma perda maior quando apenas pontas diamantadas são usadas para este fim.(AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to answer which is the best technique to removing glass fiber post and cast metal post considering time, preservation of tooth structure, and costs. Methods: An in vitro, randomized, blinded study was conducted. Sixty endodontically treated teeth were randomized into two groups according to post type. A second randomization was performed for each type of removal technique (ultrasound, drill, or combined; n=10). One-way ANOVA was used to compare the time to post removal, paired t-test compared the amount of tooth structure removed and Kruskal Wallis followed by post hoc Mann-Whitney test were used for cost analysis (P=0.05). Results: There was no difference in post removal time considering post type or technique (P=0.630). The average loss of tooth structure in the cervical region was greater than 30% when only a diamond bur was used to remove fiber glass post (P<0.00001) and cast metal post (P=0.008). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, we can conclude that the selection of the removal technique will depend on the skill of the operator, and some loss of tooth structure will always occur, although greater loss is expected when only diamond burs are used for this purpose.(AU)

The multiple functions of the co-chaperone stress inducible protein 1.

Stress inducible protein 1 (STI1) is a co-chaperone acting with Hsp70 and Hsp90 for the correct client proteins' folding and therefore for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Besides being expressed in the cytosol, STI1 can also be found both in the cell membrane and the extracellular medium playing several relevant roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and tumor microenvironment. During CNS development, in association with cellular prion protein (PrPc), STI1 regulates crucial events such as neuroprotection, neuritogenesis, astrocyte differentiation and survival. In cancer, STI1 is involved with tumor growth and invasion, is undoubtedly a pro-tumor factor, being considered as a biomarker and possibly therapeutic target for several malignancies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and new findings on STI1 function as well as its role in tissue homeostasis, CNS and tumor progression.

Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells recruit resident pericytes and induce blood vessels maturation to repair experimental spinal cord injury in rats.

Angiogenesis is considered to mediate the beneficial effects of mesenchymal cell therapy in spinal cord injury. After a moderate balloon-compression injury in rats, injections of either human adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) or their conditioned culture media (CM-hADSC) elicited angiogenesis around the lesion site. Both therapies increased vascular density, but the presence of hADSCs in the tissue was required for the full maturation of new blood vessels. Only animals that received hADSC significantly improved their open field locomotion, assessed by the BBB score. Animals that received CM-hADSC only, presented haemorrhagic areas and lack pericytes. Proteomic analyses of human angiogenesis-related factors produced by hADSCs showed that both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors were produced by hADSCs in vitro, but only those related to vessel maturation were detectable in vivo. hADSCs produced PDGF-AA only after insertion into the injured spinal cord. hADSCs attracted resident pericytes expressing NG2, α-SMA, PDGF-Rß and nestin to the lesion, potentially contributing to blood vessel maturation. We conclude that the presence of hADSCs in the injured spinal cord is essential for tissue repair.

Glioblastoma Factors Increase the Migration of Human Brain Endothelial Cells In Vitro by Increasing MMP-9/CXCR4 Levels.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive type of tumor in the central nervous system and is characterized by resistance to therapy and abundant vasculature. Tumor vessels contribute to the growth of GB, and the tumor microenvironment is thought to influence tumor vessels. We evaluated the molecular communication between human GB cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated whether GB-conditioned media (GB-CM) influenced HBMEC proliferation and migration, as well as the levels of MMP-9, CXCL12, CXCR4, CXCR7, VEGFs, VEGFR-2, and WNT5a in HBMEC. RESULTS: Although HBMEC proliferation was not modified, increased HBMEC migration was detected after GB-CM treatment. Furthermore, treatment of HBMEC with GB-CM resulted in increased levels of MMP-9 and CXCR4. The levels of WNT5a, VEGFs and VEGFR-2 were not affected. CONCLUSION: GB-secreted factors lead to increased endothelial cell migration and to increased levels of MMP-9 and CXCR4.

Quantification of biogenic amines in fabrication steps of Gorgonzola-type cheese / Quantificação de aminas biogênicas nas etapas de fabricação do queijo tipo Gorgonzola

During the Gorgonzola-type cheese preparation there are proteolysis and lipolysis which may be influenced by the type of starter culture chosen. Six manufacturing steps were selected to identify which of them is most suitable for biogenic amines (BA) formation (1- milk, 2- lactic acid bacterial culture and fungus addition, 3- curd, 4- dry salting, 5- maturation at 30 days and maturation at 60 days); perform research on enterobacteria; accomplish the research of BA-producing bacteria (BAPB); detect and quantify the most abundant BA (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, spermidine and spermine) in the six steps of Gorgonzola cheese production and in bacterial isolates using high performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis SPD/10AV detector and define if the presence of enterobacteria and BAPB would be correlated with BA production in this cheese. The bacterial culture used increased its log population by 7 log cycles and reached its highest level in batch 2 during cheese maturation. There was a decrease in the enterobacterial population in 2 log cycles after 60 days of maturation in batch 1. Tyramine was the BA with the highest concentration 306.32 mg.Kg-1 quantified in step 6 (60 days maturation) in batch 1. Criterion is requiered in bacterial starter culture selection because it is a quality determinant factor in relation to BA production and more rigor in raw material selection.

Durante a elaboração do queijo tipo Gorgonzola ocorre proteólise a partir das bactérias e dos fungos adicionados ao leite que podem levar a formação de aminas biogênicas (AB) neste tipo de queijo. Portanto, no presente estudo foi feito o acompanhamento com coleta de amostras em seis etapas na fabricação deste queijo paraidentificar em qual delas haveria maior formação de aminas biogênicas (AB). As amostras coletadas em três diferentes lotes foram o leite cru (1), leite pasteurizado adicionado de cultura de bactérias ácido-láticas (2), massa coalhada (3), queijo após a etapa de salga seca (4), queijo após 30 dias de maturação (5) e queijo após 60 dias de maturação (6). Também foram realizadas a pesquisa de enterobactérias e bactérias ácido-láticas com característica capacidade de descarboxilação de aminoácidos e produção de aminas biogênicas (BPAB); detecção e quantificação da AB mais abundante (putrescina, cadaverina, tiramina, histamina, espermidina e espermina) nas seis etapas de fabricação do queijo tipo Gorgonzola e nos isolados bacterianos utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detector UV-Vis SPD/10AV e a verificação se a presença de enterobactérias e BPAB estariam correlacionadas com a produção de AB nesse queijo. A cultura bacteriana utilizada cresceu aumentando em sete ciclos logarítmicos sua população e alcançou seu maior nível no lote 2 na etapa de maturação do queijo. Houve diminuição da população enterobactérias em 2 ciclos logarítmicos após 60 dias de maturação no lote 1. A tiramina foi a AB com concentração mais elevada 306,32 mg.Kg-1 quantificada na etapa 6 (60 dias de maturação) no lote 1. É necessário dar mais atenção em duas etapas na elaboração dos queijos: mais critério na seleção da cultura bacteriana iniciadora por ser um fator determinante na qualidade em relação à produção de AB e mais rigor na seleção da matéria-prima.Palavras chaves: cromatografia, cultura iniciadora, detector SPD/10AV UV­Vis, maturação, tiramina.

Quantification of biogenic amines in fabrication steps of Gorgonzola-type cheese / Quantificação de aminas biogênicas nas etapas de fabricação do queijo tipo Gorgonzola

During the Gorgonzola-type cheese preparation there are proteolysis and lipolysis which may be influenced by the type of starter culture chosen. Six manufacturing steps were selected to identify which of them is most suitable for biogenic amines (BA) formation (1- milk, 2- lactic acid bacterial culture and fungus addition, 3- curd, 4- dry salting, 5- maturation at 30 days and maturation at 60 days); perform research on enterobacteria; accomplish the research of BA-producing bacteria (BAPB); detect and quantify the most abundant BA (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, spermidine and spermine) in the six steps of Gorgonzola cheese production and in bacterial isolates using high performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis SPD/10AV detector and define if the presence of enterobacteria and BAPB would be correlated with BA production in this cheese. The bacterial culture used increased its log population by 7 log cycles and reached its highest level in batch 2 during cheese maturation. There was a decrease in the enterobacterial population in 2 log cycles after 60 days of maturation in batch 1. Tyramine was the BA with the highest concentration 306.32 mg.Kg-1 quantified in step 6 (60 days maturation) in batch 1. Criterion is requiered in bacterial starter culture selection because it is a quality determinant factor in relation to BA production and more rigor in raw material

Durante a elaboração do queijo tipo Gorgonzola ocorre proteólise a partir das bactérias e dos fungos adicionados ao leite que podem levar a formação de aminas biogênicas (AB) neste tipo de queijo. Portanto, no presente estudo foi feito o acompanhamento com coleta de amostras em seis etapas na fabricação deste queijo paraidentificar em qual delas haveria maior formação de aminas biogênicas (AB). As amostras coletadas em três diferentes lotes foram o leite cru (1), leite pasteurizado adicionado de cultura de bactérias ácido-láticas (2), massa coalhada (3), queijo após a etapa de salga seca (4), queijo após 30 dias de maturação (5) e queijo após 60 dias de maturação (6). Também foram realizadas a pesquisa de enterobactérias e bactérias ácido-láticas com característica capacidade de descarboxilação de aminoácidos e produção de aminas biogênicas (BPAB); detecção e quantificação da AB mais abundante (putrescina, cadaverina, tiramina, histamina, espermidina e espermina) nas seis etapas de fabricação do queijo tipo Gorgonzola e nos isolados bacterianos utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detector UV-Vis SPD/10AV e a verificação se a presença de enterobactérias e BPAB estariam correlacionadas com a produção de AB nesse queijo. A cultura bacteriana utilizada cresceu aumentando em sete ciclos logarítmicos sua população e alcançou seu maior nível no lote 2 na etapa de maturação do queijo. Houve diminuição da população enterobactérias em 2 ciclos logarítmicos após 60 dias de maturação no lote 1. A tiramina foi a AB com concentração mais elevada 306,32 mg.Kg-1 quantificada na etapa 6 (60 dias de maturação) no lote 1. É necessário dar mais atenção em duas etapas na elaboração dos queijos: mais critério na seleção da cultura bacteriana iniciadora por ser um fator determinante na qualidade em relação à produção de AB e mais rigor na seleção da matéria-prima.

Ferramentas e Protocolos Utilizados na Perícia Criminal Relacionados à Voz: Revisão de Literatura / Tools and Protocols Used in Criminal Skills Related to Voice: Literature Review / Herramientas y Protocolos Utilizados en la Experiencia Criminal Relacionados a la Voz: Revisión de Literatura

A perícia criminal tem como objetivo compor provas para esclarecer crimes, sendo que na Fonoaudiologia, dentre as possibilidades de ação, a perícia fonética relacionada à voz pode ser uma destas ferramentas. Objetivo: Verificar quais as ferramentas ou protocolos utilizados pelos profissionais brasileiros para a realização da perícia forense fonética relacionada aos parâmetros vocais. Método: Pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica integrativa a partir da consulta isolada e combinada dos descritores em ciências da saúde: medicina legal, voz, perícia criminal, crimes e fonoaudiologia nos bancos de dados Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar, Open Grey e Open Thesis. Resultados: De 457 acervos, oito foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra. A identificação de um criminoso através da voz tem sido realizada nas perícias forenses tendo em vista que a voz apresenta características possíveis de comparação, principalmente a frequência fundamental, os formantes das vogais, o voice onset time. Cuidados quanto ao registro devem ser efetivados para que as provas não sejam excluídas dos processos criminais, sendo analisadas de forma imparcial. É uma área recente na Fonoaudiologia que carece de publicações na área. Conclusão: Os recursos utilizados na perícia forense fonética relacionada aos parâmetros vocais vão desde o profissional capacitado, de diferentes áreas do conhecimento (Linguística, Fonoaudiologia, Engenharia, Direito etc.) até o uso de softwares que possam comparar a voz de diferentes falantes. Há escassez de literatura e o exercício de tal prática requer capacitação profissional interdisciplinar.

The criminal investigation aims to compose evidence to clarify crimes, and in Speech Therapy, among the possibilities of action, voice-related phonetic expertise may be one of these tools. Objective: To verify the tools or protocols used by Brazilian professionals to perform phonetic forensics related to vocal parameters. Method: Research of integrative bibliographic review from the isolated and combined consultation of the descriptors in health sciences: legal medicine, voice, criminal expertise, crimes and speech therapy in the Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar, Open Gray and Open Thesis databases. Results: Of 457 collections, eight were selected for reading in their entirety. The identification of a criminal through the voice has been carried out in forensic examinations since the voice presents possible characteristics of comparison, mainly the fundamental frequency, the vowels formants, the voice onset time. Registration care must be carried out so that the evidence is not excluded from criminal prosecution, being analyzed in an impartial manner. It is a recent area in Speech Therapy that lacks publications in the area. Conclusion: The resources used in phonetic forensic expertise related to vocal parameters range from the qualified professional, from different areas of knowledge (Linguistics, Speech Therapy, Engineering, Law, etc.) to the use of software that can compare the voice of different speakers. There is a shortage of literature and the practice of such practice requires interdisciplinary professional training.

La pericia criminal tiene como objetivo componer pruebas para aclarar crímenes, siendo que en la Fonoaudiología, entre las posibilidades de acción, la pericia fonética relacionada a la voz puede ser una de estas herramientas. Objetivo: Verificar cuáles son las herramientas o protocolos utilizados por los profesionales brasileños para la realización de la pericia forense fonética relacionada a los parámetros vocales. En el presente trabajo se analizaron los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio. Resultados: De 457 acervos, ocho fueron seleccionados para lectura en su totalidad. La identificación de un criminal a través de la voz ha sido realizada en las pericias forenses teniendo en vista que la voz presenta características posibles de comparación, principalmente la frecuencia fundamental, los formantes de las vocales, el voice onset time. Los cuidados en cuanto al registro deben ser efectivos para que las pruebas no sean excluidas de los procesos criminales, siendo analizadas de forma imparcial. Es un área reciente en la Fonoaudiología que carece de publicaciones en el área. Conclusión: Los recursos utilizados en la pericia forense fonética relacionada a los parámetros vocales van desde el profesional capacitado, de diferentes áreas del conocimiento (Lingüística, Fonoaudiología, Ingeniería, Derecho, etc.) hasta el uso de softwares que puedan comparar la voz de diferentes hablantes. Hay escasez de literatura y el ejercicio de tal práctica requiere una capacitación profesional interdisciplinaria.

Antioxidant compounds extracted from Diaporthe schini using supercritical CO2 plus cosolvent.

Endophytic fungi have been highlight in the production of secondary metabolites with different bioactive properties, such as in the production of the antioxidant compounds. Therefore, the objective of this work was the extraction of the antioxidant compounds from the biomass of Diaporthe schini using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) without and with ethanol as cosolvent. The biomass was produced by submerged fermentation and the parameters evaluated in the extraction process were: pressure (150-250 bar), temperature (40-60 ºC) and cosolvent [biomass: cosolvent ratio, 1:0, 1:0.75 and 1:1.5 (w/v)]. Extraction yield, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of the extracts were determined. The highest extraction yield (3.24 wt.%) and the best antioxidant activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (96.62%) were obtained at 40 ºC, 250 bar and biomass:cosolvent ratio of 1:1.5 (w/v). The chemical compounds 1,4-diaza-2,5-dioxo-3-isobutyl bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane and benzeneethanol identified in GC/MS could be responsible for the antioxidant activity found in this study.

Quantification of biogenic amines in fabrication steps of Gorgonzola-type cheese / Quantificação de aminas biogênicas nas etapas de fabricação do queijo tipo Gorgonzola

During the Gorgonzola-type cheese preparation there are proteolysis and lipolysis which may be influenced by the type of starter culture chosen. Six manufacturing steps were selected to identify which of them is most suitable for biogenic amines (BA) formation (1- milk, 2- lactic acid bacterial culture and fungus addition, 3- curd, 4- dry salting, 5- maturation at 30 days and maturation at 60 days); perform research on enterobacteria; accomplish the research of BA-producing bacteria (BAPB); detect and quantify the most abundant BA (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, spermidine and spermine) in the six steps of Gorgonzola cheese production and in bacterial isolates using high performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis SPD/10AV detector and define if the presence of enterobacteria and BAPB would be correlated with BA production in this cheese. The bacterial culture used increased its log population by 7 log cycles and reached its highest level in batch 2 during cheese maturation. There was a decrease in the enterobacterial population in 2 log cycles after 60 days of maturation in batch 1. Tyramine was the BA with the highest concentration 306.32 mg.Kg-1 quantified in step 6 (60 days maturation) in batch 1. Criterion is requiered in bacterial starter culture selection because it is a quality determinant factor in relation to BA production and more rigor in raw material

Durante a elaboração do queijo tipo Gorgonzola ocorre proteólise a partir das bactérias e dos fungos adicionados ao leite que podem levar a formação de aminas biogênicas (AB) neste tipo de queijo. Portanto, no presente estudo foi feito o acompanhamento com coleta de amostras em seis etapas na fabricação deste queijo paraidentificar em qual delas haveria maior formação de aminas biogênicas (AB). As amostras coletadas em três diferentes lotes foram o leite cru (1), leite pasteurizado adicionado de cultura de bactérias ácido-láticas (2), massa coalhada (3), queijo após a etapa de salga seca (4), queijo após 30 dias de maturação (5) e queijo após 60 dias de maturação (6). Também foram realizadas a pesquisa de enterobactérias e bactérias ácido-láticas com característica capacidade de descarboxilação de aminoácidos e produção de aminas biogênicas (BPAB); detecção e quantificação da AB mais abundante (putrescina, cadaverina, tiramina, histamina, espermidina e espermina) nas seis etapas de fabricação do queijo tipo Gorgonzola e nos isolados bacterianos utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detector UV-Vis SPD/10AV e a verificação se a presença de enterobactérias e BPAB estariam correlacionadas com a produção de AB nesse queijo. A cultura bacteriana utilizada cresceu aumentando em sete ciclos logarítmicos sua população e alcançou seu maior nível no lote 2 na etapa de maturação do queijo. Houve diminuição da população enterobactérias em 2 ciclos logarítmicos após 60 dias de maturação no lote 1. A tiramina foi a AB com concentração mais elevada 306,32 mg.Kg-1 quantificada na etapa 6 (60 dias de maturação) no lote 1. É necessário dar mais atenção em duas etapas na elaboração dos queijos: mais critério na seleção da cultura bacteriana iniciadora por ser um fator determinante na qualidade em relação à produção de AB e mais rigor na seleção da matéria-prima.(AU)

Resultados audiológicos em um grupo de crianças com microcefalia pela síndrome congênita do Zika virus / Audiological results in a group of children with microcephalia by congenital Zika virus syndrome

RESUMO Objetivo investigar a audição de crianças com microcefalia pela síndrome congênita do Zika vírus. Métodos a amostra foi composta de 11 crianças com microcefalia causada pela síndrome congênita do Zika vírus. A coleta teve início no primeiro semestre de 2017, sendo finalizada no primeiro semestre de 2018. Procedimentos realizados: avaliação otorrinolaringológica e audiológica: observação do comportamento auditivo e audiometria de reforço visual; imitanciometria, emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente, potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico por via áerea e potencial evocado auditivo por estado estável com estímulo narrow band CE-chirp. As respostas comportamentais foram comparadas com as respostas do potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável. Resultados apresentaram respostas dentro do esperado para idade, na avaliação comportamental 11 crianças, com 20 dB bilateralmente para tons calibrados em campo, nas frequências de 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz e 4 kHz, sendo que 2 delas conseguiram realizar a audiometria em campo com fone de inserção bilateralmente. Em relação às emissões otoacústicas, todas tiveram respostas presentes em ambas as orelhas, 10 crianças apresentaram timpanometria tipo A e uma (1) do tipo Ar. Quanto ao potencial evocado auditivo, as 8 crianças avaliadas apresentaram resultados dentro da normalidade, com nível mínimo de respostas em 20 dBNAn bilateralmente. No potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável, 6 crianças avaliadas apresentaram nível mínimo derespostas em 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz e 4kHz, em 20 dBNAn, bilateralmente. Conclusão as crianças avaliadas não apresentaram perda auditiva neurossensorial.

ABSTRACT Purpose to investigate the hearing of children with microcephaly due to congenital Zika virus syndrome. Methods the sample consisted of eleven children with microcephaly due to the congenital Zika virus syndrome. The collection was carried out in the first semester of 2017 until the first semester of 2018. Procedures performed: otorhinolaryngological and audiological evaluation: observation of auditory behavior and visual reinforcement audiometry; immittance testing, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, brainstem auditory evoked potential, and auditory steady-state evoked potential with narrow band CE-chirp stimulus. The behavioral responses were compared with the responses of the auditory steady-state evoked potential. Results eleven children presented responses as expected for age in the behavioral assessment, with 20 dB bilaterally for tones calibrated in the field at frequencies of 500 Hz, 1kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz, with 2 children being able to perform field audiometry with bilateral earphone insertion. Regarding the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, all presented responses in both ears, ten children had tympanometry type A and one had type Ar tympanometry. Regarding the auditory evoked potential, 8 children had results within the normal range, with a minimum level of response at 20 dBnHL bilaterally. In the auditory steady-state evoked potential, 6 children had a minimum response level of 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz, bilaterally, at 20 dBnHL. Conclusion the children did not present sensorineural hearing loss.