Factors associated with leisure-time physical activity among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease patients are characterized by low levels of physical activity, especially during leisure time. However, the recognition of variables associated with patterns of physical activity in this population has been little explored. Thus, the objective was to assess factors associated with levels of physical activity during leisure time among patients on haemodialysis. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients (51.6 ± 15.7 years, 57 M/41 F) from two dialysis centres in São Paulo, Brazil participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were divided into those who never exercised during leisure-time (inactive) and those who exercised at least once a week (active). The independent factors assessed were: socio-demographic data, comorbidities, personal barriers to exercise and physical activity records from childhood to adulthood (tracking of physical activity). RESULTS: Only 27 % of patients were engaged in PA during their leisure time at least once a week. Patients who engaged in regular physical activity during adulthood before the initiation of the hemodialysis treatment (adjusted OR: 7.24 95 % IC: 1.99; 26.50), those who developed the renal disease through diseases other than diabetes or hypertension (adjusted OR: 4.82; 95 % IC: 1.48; 15.68), and those who had no cardiovascular diseases (adjusted OR: 11.33; 95 % IC: 1.23; 103.8) where more likely to be active during their leisure-time. CONCLUSION: Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus as well as the level of physical activity prior to end-stage renal disease could predict leisure-time physical activity among patients receiving hemodialysis therapy.

Associação entre nível de atividade física e perfil bioquímico de nipo-brasileiros / Association between physical activity and biochemical profile of nipo-brazilian

Descendentes de imigrantes japoneses que vivem no Brasil apresentam alterações das concentrações plasmáticas de glicose e lipídios. Este estudo transversal teve por objetivo verificar a associação entre o perfil bioquímico e suas alterações com o nível de atividade física (AF) de nipo-brasileiros de segunda geração. Foram avaliados 371 participantes (58,8% mulheres) com idade média de 53±9 anos. Os indivíduos foram categorizados de acordo com o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) em baixa AF (GB), AF moderada (GM) e AF vigorosa (GV). Foram dosadas as concentrações plasmáticas de colesterol total (CT), LDL-colesterol (LDL-C), HDL-colesterol (HDL-C), triglicerídeos (TG), glicemia de jejum (GJ) e realizada avaliação antropométrica. Após verificar a normalidade dos dados (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), as variáveis foram comparadas de acordo com o sexo (t de student) e entre os níveis de AF (ANOVA one way) e as associações entre os grupos e as alterações bioquímicas (qui-quadrado). O GB representou 64% da amostra e o GV, 7%. Os homens apresentaram valores mais elevados de GJ e TG. Níveis mais altos de AF foram associados com valores reduzidos de CT e LDL-C em homens (p<0,05). Houve predominância de indivíduos com perfil lipídico alterado no GB e GM, enquanto no GV a predominância foi de normolipidêmicos. A atividade física de intensidade vigorosa e moderada não se associou com valores reduzidos de GJ e de TG, apenas o GV masculino apresentou melhor perfil lipídico. Mudanças relacionadas ao aumento da atividade física são necessárias para essa população.

Japanese immigrants descendants living in Brazil have changes in plasma lipid and glucose levels. This cross-section study aimed to verify the association between biochemical profiles and its changes, and physical activity level (PA) in Japanese-Brazilian of the second generation. We evaluated 371 subjects (58.8% women); mean age 53±9 years. Individuals were categorized according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in low PA (GB), moderate PA (GM) and vigorous PA (GV). The plasma concentrations of the total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured and anthropometry evaluation realized. After checking the normality data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), the variables were compared between sexes (Student t) and between levels of PA (ANOVA One-way) and associations between groups and biochemical changes (chi-square). The GB accounted for 64% of the sample and the GV, 7%. Men showed higher values of FPG and TG. Vigorous PA were associated with reduced values of TC and LDL-C in men (p<0.05). Individuals with altered lipid profile were predominant in GB and GM, while the predominance in the GV was of normolipidemic. The vigorous and moderate physical activity were not associated with reduced values of FPG and TG, only the men GV showed better lipid profile. Changes to increase the physical activity are needed for this population.

The use of bioelectrical impedance to detect excess visceral and subcutaneous fat.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze bioelectrical impedance performance in detecting the presence of excess visceral fat and overweight/obesity in young Brazilians and how its values are related with them. METHODS: Study sample consisted of 811 adolescents of both genders (11 to 17 years of age). Nutritional status was determined based on triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), relative body fat (bioelectrical impedance), and excess visceral fat as determined by waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using means, standard deviations, linear correlation, Student's t test, and ROC curve. RESULTS: Bioelectrical impedance achieved good performance in identifying excess visceral fat associated with overweight/obesity in both genders, and was found to be more specific (male 92.4% and female 93.8%) than sensitive (male 86.1% and female 71.8%). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the use of bioelectrical impedance to identify the presence of excess visceral and subcutaneous fat in adolescents.

Utilização da impedância bioelétrica na indicação do excesso de gordura visceral e subcutânea / The use of bioelectrical impedance to detect excess visceral and subcutaneous fat

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação e o desempenho da impedância bioelétrica na indicação do excesso de gordura visceral e sobrepeso/obesidade em jovens brasileiros. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 811 jovens de ambos os sexos (de 11 a 17 anos). A identificação do estado nutricional foi baseada no valor da dobra cutânea tricipital e gordura relativa (impedância bioelétrica) e no excesso de gordura visceral no valor da circunferência de cintura. A análise estatística utilizou valores médios, desvios padrão, correlação linear, teste t de Student e curva ROC. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os gêneros, impedância bioelétrica apresentou bom desempenho na identificação do simultâneo excesso de gordura visceral e sobrepeso/obesidade, sendo mais específica (masculino = 92,4 por cento; feminino = 93,8 por cento) do que sensível (masculino = 86,1 por cento; feminino = 71,8 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Em conclusão, os achados oferecem suporte para o uso da impedância bioelétrica na identificação do excesso de gordura visceral e subcutânea em adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze bioelectrical impedance performance in detecting the presence of excess visceral fat and overweight/obesity in young Brazilians and how its values are related with them. METHODS: Study sample consisted of 811 adolescents of both genders (11 to 17 years of age). Nutritional status was determined based on triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), relative body fat (bioelectrical impedance), and excess visceral fat as determined by waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using means, standard deviations, linear correlation, Student's t test, and ROC curve. RESULTS: Bioelectrical impedance achieved good performance in identifying excess visceral fat associated with overweight/obesity in both genders, and was found to be more specific (male 92.4 percent and female 93.8 percent) than sensitive (male 86.1 percent and female 71.8 percent). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the use of bioelectrical impedance to identify the presence of excess visceral and subcutaneous fat in adolescents.